《2022年人教版中考英语总复习 第一部分教材知识梳理 八年级(下)Units 3-4.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年人教版中考英语总复习 第一部分教材知识梳理 八年级(下)Units 3-4.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、八年级(下)Units 3-4教材词汇分层训练争重点单词背记1 .rubbish .垃圾;废弃物. floor .地板2 .mess .杂乱;不整洁.ncithcr ad乜也不两者都不3 .shirt .衬衫.pass艮给;递;走过;通过6 .borrow艮借;借用. finger .手指7 .hate比厌恶;讨厌.whilc conj.与同时;当的时候;而;然而8 .waste .浪费;垃圾 必浪费;滥用.provide r提供;供应9 .anyway w/k 而旦;加之.since co.因为;既然 prep.,conj.&. adv屏以后;自以来15 .drop艮落下;掉下.wrong
2、adj.有毛病;错误的16 .guess以猜想;估计.dcal几协议;交易19.1 nstead/仇代替;反而;却20. whale ver 任何;每一21 .nervous.焦虑的;担忧的22.offer u主动提出;自愿给予23 .copy乜抄袭;模仿;复制;复印.rcturn艮归还;回来;返回24 .anymoredR(常用于否认句和疑问句末)再也(不);(不)再C.ThoughD.Luckily【解析】考查副词。句意:上个周末李磊没玩电脑游戏。相反,他在一家敬老院做志愿者。instead“相反”, 符合语境。【答案】A考点6compare的用法【教材原句】And (hey are al
3、ways comparing them with other children.并且她们总是把自己的孩子和别的孩子进行 比拟。(P30)特别提醒短语含义及用法例句compare.with.把和比拟(常表 示同类相比,比拟,有时也 可用to)compare&with 独Compare this candle with that one.Which is longer?比拟一下这支 蜡烛和那支蜡烛。哪一支更长?compare.to.把比作(常表示异类相比,比喻)至compare a toWe often compare teachers (o candles;bum themselves,ligh
4、t up others.我们经常把教师比作蜡烛,燃烧自己,照亮别人。compared with和compared to作状语时意义相同,这时不能用comparing with/tOo例如:Compared with/to many people,she was indeed very fortunate.-很多人相比,她确实很幸运。活学活用.Youve made much progress last time.Well done!Thank you,Miss Green.A parcd with B.dcalt withC.playcd withD.takcn with【解析】考查动词短语。句
5、意:和上次相比,你取得了很大进步。做得好!谢谢,格林老师。compare with“和相比”,符合语境。deal wilh处理”;pkiy with玩”;take wilh带上【答案】A1 .The children are often compared flowers of our motherland.A.ofB.for C.lo D.with【解析】考查介词。句意:孩子们经常被比作祖国的花朵。compareto.“把比作”,符合语境。【答案】C考点7Peter,could you please take out the rubbish?彼得,你可以把垃圾拿出去扔掉吗?(Pl7)重点句型1
6、 .以could开头的一般疑问句可表示有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。“Could you please do sth.?”意为 “能请你做某事吗?”此时句中的could不表示时态,只表示委婉语气。常见答语:Sure./Certainly./Of course./Sorry,I cant.o 例如:Could you please answer the telephone?能请你接一下 吗?Sure./Sorry,I carTtTm too busy now.当然可以。/对不起,我不能。我现在太忙了。2 .否认结构“Could you please not do sth.?意为“请你不要做某事好
7、吗?”常见答语:Sonywont do that(anymorc/again).o 例如:一Could you please not smoke here?请你不要在这里吸烟好吗?你最好(不)做一事 WoUd you like to do sth?1你愿意做某事吗?Lets do期让我 们做某事吧!Could you please do血?能请你做 某事吗?一Sorry,! wontWhat/How about dointsth.?做某事怎么样?特别提醒(l)could作can的过去式,表示过去的能力时,答语中仍用couldo此外,could还可表示推测,语气较弱。例 如:Could you
8、swim when you were seven years old?你 7 岁时会游泳吗?No,I couldnt.不,我不会。特别提醒(2)could表示请求时,只表示一种委婉语气,答语中一般不能用could,只能用can。例如:Could I watch TV now,Mom?妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗?一No,you can t 不,你不能。活学活用 you please take the dog for a walk?一OK,but I have to wash the clothes first.A.Must B.ShouldC.Could D.May【解析】考查情态动词。根据答语“
9、好的,但我得先洗衣服。”可知,此处应用could表示委婉地请求别人 做某事。【答案】C考点8He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sciry.他应该跟他的朋友谈谈,以便他能说声抱歉。 (P28)1 .延加金这JL弘昱的星且的就适丛包L。so that引导目的状语从句时,从句中常使用 may,might,can,could,will等情态动词,意为“以便;为的是”,从句位于主句之后,从句前无逗号。例如: We learn English so that we may get more knowledge.我们学习英语是为了获得更多
10、的知识。2.so that还可以引导结果状语从句,意为“因此;以至于“,从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。例如: He spoke clearly,so that everybody understood him.他讲得很清楚,因此大家都听懂了。The Chinese government took proper steps so that more lives were saved.中国政府采取了恰当的措施,挽救 了更多人的生命。活学活用(2021 四川遂宁改编)Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day we can find out whats
11、goingon around the world.A.so that B.even thoughC.in order to D.as soon as【解析】考杳连词。句意:我们的校长让我们每天看新闻,这样我们就能知道世界各地发生了什么。so that 引导目的状语从句,意为“为的是;以便“,符合语境。【答案】A安徽中考真题精选I .单项填空.(2018安徽第 40 题)The speaker showed some examples to make the science report easy tounderstand.( C )A.awful B.stupid C.proper D.thi
12、ck1 .(2018安徽第 45 题)一Its said that shopping online is safe.Youd better be careful/ B )A.I agreeB.That dependsC.I think so D.No problem.(2016安徽第 33 题)Helen has got two brothers.of (hem likes chocolate,but she lovesil.( A )A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any4 .(2014安徽第 34 题)Rick has learned a lot about Chine
13、se culture he came to China.( D )A.before B.when C.until D.since5 .(2013安徽第 43 题)It is helpful to a good habit of reading in language learning/ C )A.take B.show C.develop D.match6 .(2012安徽第 35 题)To protect the environment,supermarkets dont free plastic bags toshoppers.( C )A.take B.show C.provideD.c
14、arry.(2012安徽第 44 题)一We have red and yellow T-shirts.Which color do you like?Im afraid.1 think blue will be OK.( C )A.both B.eithcr C.ncitherD.nonc7 .(2012安徽第 47 题)一Whats your plan for the summer holidays?ril go to Beijing the school term ends.( C )A.in order that B.so thatC.as soon as D.even though
15、0.单词拼写.(2015安徽第 94 题)Could you please lend (fa) me your dictionary?1 .(2012安徽第 99 题)Reading and writing are two basic learning skills (技能).26 .member .成 员;分子.football .(美式)橄榄球;足球27 .continue艮持续;继续存在 parc v.比拟;比照28 .crazy 的.不理智的;疯狂的.push艮鞭策;催促;推动29 .cause乜造成;引起3 .perhaps a A可能;大概;也许争重点单词拓展1.throw艮扔;掷
16、t ihrew (过去式)一 ihrown (过去分词)1.1 end艮借给;借出 lent (过去式/过去分词).depend i,.依靠;信赖一 dependent adj.依靠的;依赖的一 independent adi.独立的;自主的. dependence n.依靠;依赖一 independence /?.独立3 .develop 比开展:壮大 develoDed edj.兴旺的 developin-。力.开展中 的 develoDment n.发 展;发育;成长.neighbor/neighbour .邻居一neiRhbo(u)rhood .街区海坊4 .ill a力.有病:不舒服
17、一 illness .疾病.fair合理的;公正的.展览会:交易会一 unfair (反义词)。力.不合理的:不公正的一 faiincss n.公正性;合理性.allow乜允许;准许一 allowance 聿贴:补贴7 .relation机关系;联系;交往- re I ale r使有联系- relative n.亲属;亲戚MA有关的;相关的一 relalionship几(人、团体、国家之间的)关系,联系 munication .交流:沟通一 communicale u.交流;沟通8 .proper adj.正确的;恰当的properly adv.适当地;正确地.explain艮解释:说明t e
18、xplanation几解释:说明9 .clcar M.清楚易懂的;晴朗的以清除:清理clearly adv.明确地;清楚地 pete 艮竞争;对抗一 competitor n.竞争者 comDetitive adi.竞争的t competition .竞争; 比赛10 .skili .技艺;技巧- skilful a力.灵巧的:熟练的.quick a分快的;迅速的;时间短暂的t quickly ad比迅速地:很快地16 .usual力.通常的:寻常的t unusual (反义词)力.不寻常的一 usually adv.通常地;一般地厚重播语积累1 .take out the rubbish 倒
19、垃圾.all the time 频繁;反复2 .as soon as 就n order to 目的是;为了5.depend on依靠;信赖6.take care of 照顾;处理7.look through快速查看;浏览.big deal重要的事8 .work out成功地开展;解决;算出.gct on with和睦相处;关系良好9 municate with 与交流.cut out删除;删去10 pare.with 比拟;比照举核心词汇语境练根据首字母及汉语提示补全单词.Li Lei was very glad to pass (通过)the English exam.1 .Jack is
20、not tidy,and his room is really amess (杂乱).2 .Thc rules of the game must be fair (公正的)to everyone.3 .As students,we must know the difference between right and wrong.Children should offer (主动提出)to do housework at home.4 . Skill (技能)comes only with practice,and practice makes perfect.5 .Green mountain
21、s andclear (清澈的)water are equal to mountains of gold and silver.6 .The darkclouds (云)in the sky show that a storm is coming.熟词生义1 .pass熟义”给;递;走过;通过生义:M时间)流逝.通行证;及格(1)AH visitors must show their passes before entering the building.( D )(2)As the years passcd,thc man was more and more worricd.(2021 安徽
22、)( B )(3)One day he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink some water.(2020- 东东莞)( C )A.及格B.(时间)流逝C.经过D.通行证2.drop熟义”(使)落下;掉下生义”丢下;丢弃;(雨、汗水等)滴下;(数量、价格、温度等)下降.(一)滴冰珠;下降(l)As I took the brush away,I droDDcd some paint onto the paper.(2020甘肃武威)(D )(2)If someone gives you a little drop of wate
23、nyou should return a spring of water.(2020湖南娄底)(B )(3)Sometimes animals will pick up the fruit and drop it in another area.(2021 河【有)( C)(4)1( will bring danger to all ocean life if sharks numbers drop too low.(2021 湖北武汉)(A)A.下降B.L)滴C.丢下D.滴下3.offer熟义上主动提出;自愿给予;提供生义:.提议;主动提议;建议;录取通知书;特价(l)Thank you f
24、or your kind offer of help.( D )(2)Fd like to lake a vacation before getting my offer from my future high school.(2020辽宁营 口)(B )The school offered me a place to practice.(2021 安徽)( C )A.特价B.录取通知书Cw.提供D.提议4.copy熟义:忆抄袭;模仿;复制;复印生义:.副本;复制品;一本;一册;一份(1)1 bought a copy of newspaper from a street-comer mach
25、ine.(A )(2)Some lazy students just copy the answers from the Internet without thinking on their own.(2020四八眉山)(D )A.一份B.副本C.复印D.抄袭5.cause熟义:也造成;引起生义:几原因;理由(1 )Zhong Nanshan spent days and nights to find the cause of the diseased B )(2)Do you know what caused the firc?( A )A.引起B.原因名师考点精讲重点词汇考点Ine汕er的
26、用法【教材原句】For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周内,她没做任何家务,我也没有。(P19) Ln蛔l作代那么意纪两春都企常用于“nEhcrof+名词/代词 宾格”结构,其中名词之前必须有限定词,如my,the,any,these等。例如:Neither of my parents enjoys music.我的父母都不喜欢音乐。Zneithei作副词时,意为“也不”,置于句首时,句子使用局部倒装。此时,neilher也可用nor替换。主要用法 如下:(l)“neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动
27、词+主语”表示前面所表述的否认情况也适用于后者。例如: They dont agree with you.Neither do I.他们不赞同你的意见。我也不赞同。(2)“neither/nor+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示后者赞同前面的否认观点。例如:I couldnt do anything for her.我帮不(她。Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.你是不能招她,但你本可以找人帮她的。 3ne汕er作限定词时,意为“(两者)都不“,置于可数名词单数之前。例如:Neither chair is c
28、omfortable.两把椅子坐起来都不舒服。4.neither 可构成 neither.nor结构,意为“既不也不”,与 both.and.意思相反。当 neither.nor.连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原那么例如:Neither he nor I am able to understand the meaning of the words.我和他都无法明白那些话的意思。活学活用.(2021 江苏扬州)一Which color do you like,red or blue?.1 like green.A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.None【解
29、析】考查不定代词。句意:一你喜欢哪种颜色,红色还是蓝色?一都不喜欢。我喜欢绿色。 neither(两者)都不,符合语境。either(两者之中)任何一个;both(两者)都”;none“没有一个(人或物)”。【答案】C.Will you go to the movies tomorrow?If you dont go,.A.neither do IB.neither I doC.neither will ID.neither I will【解析】考查倒装句和if引导的条件状语从句。句意:你明天会去看电影吗?一如果你不去,我也 不去。根据语境可知,此处表示前面所表述的否认情况也适用于后者,故应用
30、“nei【her+助动词+主语”结构。 在if引导的条件状语从句中,应遵循“主将从现”的规那么,因此主句用一般将来时。【答案】C考点 2 辨析 borrow,lend 和 keep【教材原句】Could I borrow that book?我可以借那本书吗?(P20)1 .bonpw表示“借入,不能和二段时间连用。常见用法:bo门,ow sth.from sb.”向某人借某物;从某人处借某 物”。例如:You can borrow this kind of books from the school library.你可以从学校图书馆借这类书。2.lend表示“借出,意思和borrow相对,
31、也不可以和一段时间连用。常见用法:lend slh.to sb.=lend sb.sth.“把 某物借给某人例如:Can you lend me your car this evening?今晚你能把车借我用一下吗?3.拴里意把保凰底放蚀丞借段二段蛔建和二段时间连里一例如:Can I keep this book for a month?这本书我可以借一个月吗?活学活用1.(2021 湖北黄石)一How long may I your magazine?For one week.Bul it mustnt to others.A.borrowjend B.keep;be lentC.lend;
32、be borrowed D.have;lend【解析】考查动词及其语态。句意:一你的杂志我能借多久?一一周。但你不能借给别人。由句意可 知,第一个空用keep表示借一段时间;第二个空用lend的被动语态表示书被借给别人。【答案】B2.Sam a computer from me yesterday.A.sold B. borrowedC.IentD. ret timed【解析】考查动词。句意:萨姆昨天从我这借了一台电脑。固定搭配borrow sth.from sb.表示“从某人处 借某物”,符合语境。【答案】B考点3provide的用法【教材原句】It is the parentsjob to
33、 provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家 中给 他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。(P22)妙辨异同辨析 provide,offer 和 give(l)provide主要指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。接双宾语时多与介词for或with连用,常见用 法:provide sth.for/to sb.=provide sb.with sth.”为某人提供某物”。例如:They provide us with food.他们给我们提供食物。(2)offer指提供帮助、服务或令
34、人向往之物,多含有“主动提供”之意。可接不定式作宾语,也可接双宾语或 与介词to连用,常见用法:offer lo do slh.”主动提出做某事”;offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.”给某人提供某物 例如:He offered some useful advice to us.他给我们提供了一些有用的建议。(3)give意为“供给;给出”,多指一般性地给出或因别人需要而给出。可接双宾语,也可与介词to连用,常见用法:give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.“给某人某物例如:Can you give a job to me?你能给我提供一份工作吗?活学活
35、用.(2021 江苏南京)The drama Yuhuayao citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to theParlys history.A.provided B.guardedC. compared D.protected【解析】考查动词。句意:戏剧雨花谣为南京市民提供了学习和聆听党的历史的机会。provide”提 供”,符合语境。guard“保卫”;compare“比拟”;protect“保护”。【答案】A.Hows it going.Tina?Great.My company has me a good job.
36、A.offered B.providedC.introduced D.discovered【解析】考查动词。句意:一最近怎么样,蒂娜?一很好。我的公司给我提供了一份好工作。根据语 境可知,此处为固定搭配offersb.sth,意为“给某人提供某物工【答案】A考点4allow的用法【教材原句】My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母不允许我和朋友在外闲逛。(P25)蛔L为动观意为筑进遗经宾造。常见用法:allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”;allow doing sth.“允许做某事”;be allow
37、ed to do sth.”被允许做某事”。例如:His parents allowed him to stay out late.他的父母允许他在外面待到很晚。We donl allow smoking in our house.在我们家里不允许吸烟。Smoking is not allowed in the hall.大厅里禁止吸烟。活学活用.(2021 云南昆明)A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser,they to make (heir owndecisions.A.should allow B.shouldnl all
38、owC.should be allowed D.shouldnt be allowed【解析】考查动词的语态。句意:许多青少年认为,随着年龄的增长和智慧的提高,他们应该被允许自己做 决定。根据语境可知,此处表示肯定意义且allow与they之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,C项符合语境。【答案】C.(2021 四川遂宁)一My parents dont allow me my phone on school days.They are strict.But they always want the best for you.A.to use B.use C.using D.used【解析】考查非谓
39、语动词。句意:一一我父母不允许我在上学口使用手机。一一他们很严厉。但他们总 是想给你最好的。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。【答案】A考点5instead和instead of的用法【教材原句】Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at nighl.相反,他却看他想看的节目到深夜。(P27)考点用法例句instead副词,意为“替 代;反而“,位于 句首或句末You,re busy.We11 have to ask Zhang Li instead.你太忙了,我们只好请张莉代替 了。I didnt help
40、 you.Instead you gave me too much help.我没帮你什么,反倒是你给了我 很多帮助。instead of介词短语,意为 “替代;而不是”, 后接名词、代 词或动名词I came instead of my brother.我替我兄弟来了。Mr.Lin walked to school instead of taking a bus.林老师走路去学校,没有坐公交车。活学活用Li Lei didnt play computer games last weekend.,he worked as a volunteer in an old peoples home.A. Instead B.Certainly