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1、1940年10月 October,1940.温斯顿丘吉尔致被打败的法国人&hearts展♥: Winston Churchill to thedefeated French people: 那么晚安了Good night, then.好好睡觉为黎明积聚力量Sleep to gather strength for the morning. 因为黎明将会来临For the morning will come.它将闪亮地照耀在勇敢的和真实的（人）身上，Brightly will it shine on the brave and true, 仁慈地照在所有那些为了 这个事业而遭受痛苦的
2、人身上 kindly on all who suffer for the cause. 法国万岁！Vive la France!（法语）好吧，晚安Allons, bonne nuit.（法语）好好睡 Dormez bien.（法语）为黎明积聚你们的力量， 因为黎明将会来临Rassemblez vos forces pour Faube, car Faube viendra.现在，终于，在近四年之后，Now, at last, after nearly four years, 那个黎明即将破晓而出 that dawn was about to break. 对（欧洲）大♥陆&hea
3、rts;的入侵即将到来 The invasion of the Continent was at hand.迪耶普（法国港口）,1942年.Dieppe, 1942.让盟军部队在法国登陆的 第一次主要尝试是一场灾难隆美尔通过铺设一排排可怕的水下障碍物，包括 几百万枚隐藏的地雷，以作出迟来的努力来填补缺口 Rommel made belated efforts to fill the gaps by laying lines of formidable underwater obstacles, including millions of hidden mines. 为了克服这些防御措施，盟军开
4、展出 各种各样设计独特的新创造To overcome these defences； the Allies evolved various ingenious contraptions. 为帮助坦克越过沙滩和泥泞和混凝土， To help tanks over sand and mud and concrete, （创造出了）瑞士卷和铺地毯机 the Swiss Roll and the Carpet Layer.应该用来摧毁海滩障碍物的“首领，并不成功The Panjandrum, supposed to destroy beach obstacles, was not successful
5、. “普路托”洋底输油管道（的缩写） Pluto. Pipelines Under The Ocean. 一种数英里长的可弯曲的输油管道 a flexible pipeline miles long. “普路托”能将用油轮将石油 运到法国的风险降到最低Pluto would minimise the hazards of transporting petrol to France by tanker. 它能在水下每天将超过100万 吨♥的燃料运至U （欧洲）大♥陆♥ It could carry over a million tons of fuel
6、daily to the continent； underwater. 海岸（石油）泵站被没有危险地伪装了 Shore pumping stations were innocently camouflaged.更不寻常地是“桑甚，Still more remarkable was Mulberry, 两个人造港口每一个都有多佛港那么大 two artificial harbours each the size of Dover harbour.所有的组件都必须被拖过（英吉利）海峡All the components had to be towed across the Channel. 由于海
7、峡的天气条件，要待在对岸日ZE个非常困难的问题The problem of staying ashore was a very difficult one.because of weather conditions in the Channel. 你不可能指望连续超过三或四天的天气 都好到能横跨（两岸的）海滩进行补给You couldnt expect more than three or four consecutive days of weather fine enough to supply across the beaches. 所以，很明显我们认为 我们必须夺取一个港口So, obv
8、iously, we thought wed have to take a port. 那就是为什么我们尝试（夺取）迪耶普 Thats why we tried Dieppe.但我们在迪耶普发现我们不使用会将我们想要 使用的港口设施炸毁的猛烈轰炸就夺取不了港口 But we found in Dieppe that we couldnt capture a port without using such heavy bombardment as would destroy the facilities we wanted to use. 所以很明显的事就是要把 我们自己的人造港口 一起带来，S
9、o the obvious thing was to bring our own artificial harbour with us, 我们将其称为“桑甚，而每个人 都认为这（想法）绝对疯狂 which we called Mulberry, and which everybody thought was absolutely crazy. 艾森豪威尔经常与他的指挥官碰面以协调战略 Eisenhower met constantly with his commanders to coordinate strategy. 他的副手,（包括英国）空军元帅特德， 海军上将拉姆齐，His deput
10、y, Air Chief Marshal Tedder, Admiral Ramsay, 布莱德利将军和蒙哥马利将军， Generals Bradley and Montgomery, 以及空军元帅利马洛里 and Air Marshal Leigh-Mallory. 一个主要的当务之急就是能够 预测霸王行动开始时的天气A major preoccupation was the weather thatcould be expected for the start of Overlord.艾森豪威尔将军很早就说明他想要逐步建立信心，General Eisenhower made it clea
11、r quite early that he wanted to build up confidence,（J.M斯塔格博士首席气候官）不仅是对我们作为天气预报者所能做的（预报），对他个人来说就是我本人，not only in what we could do as forecasters,and I in particular for him personally, 而且他想要知道他对我用的词和 我用的声音的语调能有多大的信心but he wanted to know what reliance he could put on the very words I used and the ton
12、e of voice I used. 他甚至能在我介绍（天气）预报前， 就看出我要说什么几乎每次（都说对了）He could tell,even before I presented the forecast, almost each time what I was going to say. 他用我的脸，我想，作为一种客厅晴雨表He used my face, I think, as a kind of hall barometer.欺骗计划也占用了最高指挥部（的大量精力） Deception plans also occupied Supreme Command. 在最煞费苦心（的欺骗行动
13、）之中包括为从 苏格兰出发，进攻挪威的虚假行动进行的准备Among the most elaborate were fake preparations for an attack on Norway, to be launched from Scotland.以及更可信地，从（英国）南部港口对加莱海峡的一次主要攻击And, more credibly, for a main assault on the Pas-de-Calais from the southeast ports. 一样关键的还有切断通往入侵地区的 德国交通路线的轰炸计划空中封锁.Also crucial was the bo
14、mbing plan to cut German communications to invasion areas. interdiction. 你必须做的事情是要阻碍（敌人）的交通What one had to do was tointerfere with the communications.我认为这也是从迪耶普学到的一个教训Again, I think this wasa lesson learned from Dieppe.我们在迪耶普没有意识到That we hadnt realised at Dieppe 同时拥有来自空中和地面的绝对 压倒性火力是如何地绝对必要 how abso
15、lutely essential it was to have an absolutely overwhelming weight of firepower both from the air and from the land. 这（种认识）的结果就是，而我认为 这导致了高层很多的困难，The result of this was,and I think this caused a good deal of difficulties at high level, 就是仍然认为仅凭自己的力量就能赢得 战争的空军元帅（“轰炸机”）哈里斯， was that Air Marshal Harris,
16、who still thought that he could win the war on his own, 不得不被劝服使用他的重型轰炸机 来攻击德国的公路和铁路交通线 had to be persuaded to use his heavy bombers to attack the German road and rail communications. 而我觉得他（对此）抗拒得非常强烈And I think he resisted very strongly. 他觉得从整场战争的视点来看 这么做真的是分散注意力He thought it was really a diversion
17、from the whole point of the war. 但他被命令这么去做， 而轰炸进行得极其有效But he was made to do it, and it was done enormously effectively. 1944年春天（盟军）对道路和铁路目标 以及对机场进行了广泛的空袭Spring 1944 saw widespread air attacks on road and rail targets and on airfields. 与此同时,遍布整个英国南部， 兵营正到处涌现，At the same time, all over the South of En
18、gland, camps were springing up, 准备供成千上万的入侵部队使用 ready for the tens of thousands of invasion troops.“霸王行动”的集结区域散布 在英国整个南海岸上，The staging areas for Overlord were spread the length of Englands south coast, 普及法尔茅斯，达特茅斯，威尔茅斯,朴茨茅斯和纽黑文 round the ports of Falmouth, Dartmouth, Weymouth, Portsmouth and Newhaven
19、.现在一切都已为向南的大侵袭做好了准备All was now prepared for the great move south. 为了入侵（行动）的交通道路被开辟出来 The lines were cleared for invasion traffic.军事告示公众禁止越过此处战争部禁区危险禁止入内禁区止步危险桥梁修理危险坦克在路上小心驾驶 在大量涌现的军事告示中， 有一个暴露实情的指示牌特别显眼 Amid the rash of military notices,one telltale sign stood out.通向南部这巨大的军事集结到达了其在（英吉利）海峡的集♥合
20、♥点The vast concentrationreached its Channel rendezvous.一些幽默的人声称只是由于防空气球飘动在头顶 才没使英国（因为这么多沉重的装备而）漂浮 Some wit claimed that only the barrage balloons floating overhead kept Britain from sinking.1944年5月下旬Late May, 1944.突击部队被封闭在他们的集结区域内，准备出发The assault troops were sealed within their marshalling ar
21、eas, ready to go. 现在一次暂停Now. a pause.延迟（出发）当然滋生了恐惧Fear feeds on delay, of course.我们真的不知道我们什么时候才能出发And we didnt really know just when we were going. 吹牛，打牌，把我们所有的钱都输光 Shot crap, played cards, lost all our money.有些人赢了钱我把我的钱都输光了Some people won money.1 lost all mine.钱对我来说没有任何用处当我登上 （法国）海滩我没有地方花它 Didnt do
22、 me any good. I had no place to spend it when I got on the beach.口粮，货币，弹♥药♥1装备 Rations, currency, ammunition, kit.打包和重新打包，检查装备 Packing and repacking, checking equipment.确切的入侵日期还没有被披露The exact invasion date was not yet revealed.而大多数人仍不知道他们将要攻击的海滩 And most men still did not know the beac
23、hes they were going to attack. 只有军官和军士被告知了确切的登陆区域 Only officers and NCOs had been told the precise landing areas.在（英吉利）海峡对面100英里的诺曼底， 100 miles across the Channel in Normandy, 这些登陆区域由五个滩头组成 these landing areas comprised five beaches.由西向东J犹他“和“奥马哈” （滩头）等待着美国人（的进攻） From west to east, Utah and Omaha wa
24、ited for the Americans.”黄金,丁朱诺“和“宝剑”滩头 那么由英国人和加拿大人负责 Gold, Juno and Sword for the British and Canadians. 但现在一切都依赖天气But all now depended on the weather.在5月31日那个星期三的晚上， (Stagg) On the evening of that Wednesday, 31 May, 甚至那时我还向艾森豪威尔将军报告 即将到来的这个周末的(气候)条件， even then I advised General Eisenhower that cond
25、itions for the oncoming weekend, 尤其是星期日晚上和星期一早晨, 霸王行动的关键时刻，especially over Sunday night and Monday morning,the crucial times for Overlord, 将会有暴风雨旭我们还是把会议进行下去 were going to be stormy,but we went on with the meetings. 我不得不出现在艾森豪威尔 将军和他的指挥官面前，1 had to go before General Eisenhower and his commanders,在那决
26、定命运的日子6月1日,2日和3日里， 他们只和我一天碰两次头who met for nothing else twice a day during those fateful daysL 2 and 3 June.6月3日，尽管最高指挥部对天气 仍很担忧，部队还是登船了On 3 June, despite Supreme Commands concern about the weather,embarkation went ahead. 部队对可能的突然停止行动一无所知The troops knew nothing of a possible hitch, 尽管一些士兵以为这只是另一次演习 t
27、hough some men thought it was just another exercise. 当我们一开始登船的时候， 我们还不知道实际的行动日期 When we first went aboard ship, we had no knowledge of the actual day yet. 我们已登过船很屡次We had been aboard ship so many times,you see. 有六个月，我们都在不停地上下船 For six months,we were constantly on and off ships.在英国海峡沿岸的港口和海港里，In the
28、ports and harbours of Englands Channel coast, 巨大而又复杂的装载和登船程序继续进行 the vast and complex process of loading and embarkation went on. 在海峡中，恶化的天气现在使（盟军） 最高统帅面对一个严重的危机In the Channel, the worsening weather now faced the supreme commander with a grave crisis. 那是一个极其紧张的时刻 （Stagg） It was a time of dreadful te
29、nsion.我们都知道只可能推迟一天We all knew that there could be only one days deferment. 如果不得不再推迟一天If there had to be another day, 那所有的登陆舰艇都需要回到基地, then all the landing craft would need to return to base, 所以第二天的延期是不可能做到的 so it couldnt be done on a second days postponement. （入侵行动）将必须被推迟整整两个星期 直到下一次合适的潮汐It would ha
30、ve to be deferred for a whole fortnight until the next tides were right. 而到了那时候，我们的大西洋海图 会呈现出如此的黑色（表示多风暴 And at that time, our charts were so black in the Atlantic 以至于似乎根本没有发动 这次行动的任何可能性 that there didnt seem to be any prospect of getting this operation going at all. 我们不知道将要推迟多久 We didnt know how lo
31、ng it was going to be postponed. 因为天气看起来是如此糟糕， 我们不知道它是否还会放晴，Because the weather looked so bad, we wondered if it would ever clear up, 整个行动是否会被取消 而我们会被命令下船and whether the whole thing would be called off and we would be taken back off the ship.部队为行动作好了准备Troops primed for action.一个舰队准备起航An armada ready
32、 to sail.然后，是一个令人扫兴的消息And, then, anticlimax.接着我们被告知入侵行动 已被推迟至少24小时We were then told that the invasion had been put back for at least 24 hours. 这当然增添了我们的担忧Of course,this increased our apprehension.我们会互相长时间交谈，谈论可能会发生的事情，And we used to have these long conversations with each other about the kind of thi
33、ngs that might happen, 象我们是否会活着离开海滩 whether wed ever get off the beach alive.在一片不确定的乌云的笼罩下， 例行公事继续着Routine continued under a cloud of uncertainty. 部队所能做的就是等待All the troops could do was wait.(J 不要再逃避”)()Dont Get Around Much Anymore) 随着时间流逝，似乎只有奇迹 才能使“霸王行动”开始As the hours passed, it seemed that only a
34、miracle could get Overlord going. 然后，谢天谢地,最令人难以置信的事 在那个星期日的中午发生了 (Stagg) Then, mercifully,the almost unbelievable happened about midday on that Sunday. 我们注意到在两个低气压之间可能有一个间隔期We spotted that there might be an interlude between two depressions. 到了晚上,我自己对这个平静期的预测的信心 从进一步传来的报告中得到增强，By the evening, my own
35、 confidence in the forecast for this quieter period had so increased from further reports that had come in, 我使艾森豪威尔将军和他的指挥官们确信 它（平静期）确实将在周一较晚时候到来， that I convinced General Eisenhower and his commanders that it would indeed arrive later on Monday, 就在周日夜间和周一上午的风暴之后 after the storm of Sunday night and
36、Monday morning. 它确实将在周一晚间到来，It would indeed arrive late on Monday, 持续整个周二，很可能延伸至周三 continue through Tuesday and probably into Wednesday. 第二天上午,6月5日清晨，The next morning, early on 5 June, 他们再次碰头以确认这个决定 they met again to confirm this decision. 当我能够告诉他们我们甚至比前一晚更有信心 When I could tell them that we were eve
37、n more confident than we had been the previous night 那就是良好的，或改善的,更平静 的间歇期确实会出现that the fine, or improved, quieter interlude would indeed come along, 能在最高统帅和他的指挥官们 的脸上看到（他们的）高兴the joy on the faces of the supreme commander and his commanders 在（看到他们）前儿天的深深 忧郁（的表情）之后，真是个奇迹 after the deep gloom of the pr
38、eceding days, was a marvel to behold. 我记得非常清楚6月5日清晨4:15分The first major attempt to landAllied troops in France was a disaster.7,000人的攻击部队中的几乎一半在试图冲击该港口强大的防御时被损失掉了Almost half the assaulting force of 7,000 was lost trying to storm the ports powerful defences. 许多部队从没有越过海滩Many troops never got beyond th
39、e beaches. 数以百计的其他（部队）直接投降了 Hundreds of others walked straight into captivity.就最终的入侵而言我们从迪耶普（登陆）中学到如此多 （的教训I）以至于我认为它（的价值）是无可估量的We learnt so much from Dieppe that I think it was quite invaluable as far as the final invasion was concerned. 我认为在那次行动中能出错的一切事情都出错了 1 think everything that could go wrong w
40、ent wrong with that operation. 它的结果就是，到了最后，The result of it was that, by the end, （戈伦韦里斯”考萨克”主要参谋） 你会被以那种规模进行的任何形式的 联♥合♥行♥动♥的风险和危险留下骇人地印象 one was appallingly impressed by the dangers and the hazards of any kind of combined operation on that kind of scale.我们之前从未尝试过进行一次那种规模
41、的联♥合 ♥行♥动♥Wed never attempted to do a combined operation on that scale before. 而且,说真的，没人知道怎么来做And, really, nobody knew how to do it.要进行一次成功的（登陆）入侵 有三个必要的条件There are three conditions necessary for a successful invasion.（路易斯蒙巴顿勋爵联合作战司令部司令1942-1943） 首先,很明显，无论面对多猛烈的对抗都要上岸Firs
42、t, obviously, to get ashore against no matter what opposition. 其次，登上岸后，1 remember it very well.4:15 am on the morning of 5 June.我没列席会议，但我开车把他送到那里，1 wasnt at the meeting, but I drove him there, 他出来了当他上车的时候 他真的看起来很严肃 and he came out and he really looked so serious as he got in the car. 他说JD日定下来了 现在没什么
43、东西能阻止我们了” And he said, D-day is on.Nothing can stop us now., 这是个历史性的决定It was an historic decision.“霸王行动”的进一步推迟 可能意味着完全取消行动 Overlords further postponement might have meant total cancellation. 部队指挥官朗读了一封 来自艾森豪威尔将军的公报 The troop commander read a message from General Eisenhower.你知道J愿上帝祝福你们” 以及所有诸如之类的话 Yo
44、u know/God speed1 and all that sort of stuff.我们读了这篇来自蒙蒂的了不起的公报关于 ”在欧洲的战场上狩猎愉I夬”以及所有这些垃圾话 We read this great message from Monty about good hunting in the fields of Europe1 and all this rubbish. 很自然，作为士兵，我们觉得 那全都是在胡说八道Naturally, being a soldier, we thought what a load of old cods it was. （英吉利）海峡的海面 从未
45、见到过这么强大的一支部队 Never had Channel waters seen such a mighty force.前往法国的是差不多6,500艘各类船只， Heading for France weresome 6,500 vessels of all types, 由盟国海军引领并护航marshalled and escortedby the Allied navies.滑翔机编队正在等待，涂上它们D日的标志Glider fleets were waiting, wearing their D-day markings.（英国）第一（空降）师将使用滑翔机 和降落伞进入，降落在入侵
46、滩头的后方 The first division would go in by glider and parachutedropping behind the invasion beaches. 他们的损失被预计高达每十人中伤亡七个， Their losses were expected to be as high as seven out of every ten men,（对此）艾森豪威尔也知道 as Eisenhower well knew. 他们都有着被涂黑的脸（Summersby） They all had blackened faces.他们很快就将跳入纳粹占领的欧洲They we
47、re going to jump Nazi-occupied Europe in a very short time.你不断地想J不知道多少人将能（活着）回来”You kept thinking, 1 wonder how many are going to come back. 后来,艾森豪威尔将军说，Later then, General Eisenhower said, ”你知道削，正视着一个士兵的脸， 知道你可能正送他去死是件非常困难的事” You know, Kay, it is very hard to look a soldier in the face,knowing you
48、might be sending him to his death. 在6月5日的最后几小时里， 空降部队出发前往法国In the last hours of 5 June, the airborne troops set out for France. 你会紧张得直打恶心 你不知道你在这里做什么Butterflies in your stomach.You wonder what youre doing here.“我为什么在这里？我为什么 要志愿参军？我疯了吗?”Why am I here? Why did I volunteer?Am I crazy? 一切事情都在你脑海中翻腾Everything is going through your mind. 你很担忧你知道行动马上就要开始了Youre worried.You know its coming up soon. 我很害怕我当时19岁，我很害怕 1 was afraid.1 was 19, and I was afraid.许多人都害怕那个夜晚Many men were afraid that night.他们正在突袭希♥特♥勒♥吹嘘的 Festung Europa”.欧洲堡垒They were storming Hitlers vaunted Festung