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1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题（测）时间：45分钟总分值：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2018上海高考真题）Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money thats not tied to a specific bankor a specific countryis appealing to many. But its worth remembering that the
2、banking system that we now all live with is just that： A modem invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past, money*s makeup varied from
3、 place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the worlds first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （银金矿）,objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In We
4、st Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the col
5、onies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency-and some people there are even hoarding （贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the m
6、ost-populated island that*s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape/ Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. nOne strip of darker shells m
7、ight get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family fbr a long time JJust like a mint that creates coins, theres only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to f
8、orm 3-fdot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned （困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves,
9、 and so the shell currency was bom.Using shells fbr money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money,
10、which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that weve assigned value to-and probably less durable over time than thos
11、e shells.1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.（人 类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，应选B项。21. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的 we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.（我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多）可知，让Ju
12、bilado感到吃 惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater.（他们能在水下待很长时间）符合 以上说法，应选C项。22. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell. a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.（周四, 在细胞杂 志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应不是
13、空气也不是食物，而是海洋）可知，本 文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应 海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.（身体为适应海洋生活而重塑）可以作为本文标题，应选A 项。G（2020 北京高考真题）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research fb
14、r her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript （手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.The authors intention remains as mysterious （神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes fbr his own records. But
15、 Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt truly grasp any of the skills the author described. nYou simply canft get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn!t just about playing
16、around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen （工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a
17、 1 Oth-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. Whats more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before tim
18、e wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We cant appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only whe
19、n you have a road map.Smith has put the manuscripts ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.Back w
20、hen science-then called “the new philosophy”一took shape, academics looked to craftsmen fbr help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering （修补）， as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.If we can rediscover the values of
21、 hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modem insights with the handiness of our ancestors.23. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?A. Confused about the technical terms.B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.C. Discouraged by its complex
22、structure.D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.24. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to.A. restore old workshopsB. understand the craftsmenC. improve visual effectsD. inspire the philosophers25 . Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Craftsmen Set the Trend
23、s for ArtistsCraftsmanship Leads to New Theories C Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家 如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。23. D 解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt trul
24、y grasp any of the skills the author described. You simply can*t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it/ she says 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过 阅读来了解这些手工作品。”由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，应选D。24. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (IE) who lived ce
25、nturies ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes,“重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以 揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。应选B。25. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modem insights with t
26、he handiness of our ancestors. ” 史密斯 说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。 由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多 的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标 题，应选C。A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bi
27、lls in American in the past.C. The ingredients of worlds first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.2. The word mint in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to.A. a kind of money that can exchangethe leaves of a mint plant used
28、fresh or candiedB. a place to produce and polish shellsa factory that produces currency3. What*s opinion of the author towards shells fbr money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinShells Still
29、 MoneyB. The Currency Is of Great UseSome Shells【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在太平洋的一些小岛上，贝壳至今被当作货币使用的情况。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中some of the worlds first coins were made firom a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum ”可知I,世界上最早的一些硬币成分是一种天然的金银混合 物。应选C。2. D【解析】词句猜想题。第五段中mint所在句的下一句提到“theres on
30、ly one place where the shells. are made.”岛上只有一个制作贝壳的地方；根据“just like （就像）”可知，“a mint”应该是指一个地方；定语从 句“that creates coins”修饰a mint,由此可以猜想，a mint是制造货币的地方。应选D。3. A【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we*ve assigned value to-and probably l
31、ess durable over time than those shells.（但一堆美元 乂是什么呢?只是一张特殊印制的纸和麻，我们赋予其价值但随着时间的推移，可能比这些贝壳更不 耐用）:由此可以推断，作者认为将贝壳当作货币是合理的。应选A。4. B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提至厂money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common,说明不久以前，货币几乎都是在当地创造和使用的，物物交换很普遍；第三段提 到“a specific type of shell still serves
32、 as currency，在太平洋的小岛上，人们仍然在用特定类型的贝壳当作货 币；第四、五段说明这些贝壳货币如何使用和制作的。由此可知，文章是介绍在太平洋的一些小岛上，至 今仍然使用贝壳货币。因此文章标题应该为“Shells Still Money-o应选BoB（2021 浙江高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩）use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific mes
33、sages to one another with a nvocabulary of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intention
34、al communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.Thats whats so amazing about chimp gestures/1 she said. Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that r
35、espect.Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animafs call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps w
36、ill check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:” Climb on me. n The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. The big message from this study i
37、s that there is another species （物种）out there, that is meaningful in its communication, so that*s not unique to humans/ said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution
38、 of human language. But, she added, the results were na little disappointing*.The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the infbnnation contained in their gestures and actions/ she said. Moreover, the meanings s
39、eem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ” 5 . What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messag
40、es on purpose.6. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.B , It was a good try but the findings were limited.C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.7. What does the underlined word ngulf* in t
41、he last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.8. Which of the following is the best title fbr the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughChimpanzees developed specific communication skillsB. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomChimpa
42、nzee language: communication gestures translated【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩 用来交流的手势含义。5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统， 他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据DrHob
43、aiter,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故 选D。6. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were4Ca little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的
44、进化生物学家苏珊娜舒尔茨 博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点 令人失望，），可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。应选B。7. A【解析】词义猜想题。首先根据第三段中的“Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）“可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言 的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what
45、 other animals convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的 信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在），故gulf的意思是difference,应选A。8. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to
46、 communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）” 以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩 语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。应选D。C（2017.全国高考真题）Cloud computing will be in use by about 80 percent of about 600 companies. The trend suggests that data management and storage are moving to cloud computing seller
47、s on a large scale.Touting（兜售）cloud computing as a way to get rid of the costs of buying and maintain in on-site information-technology equipment, sellers offer it in the form of Software AsA. Service（SAAS）, a delivery model in which software applications are delivered to customers over a web-based
48、network. SAAS can serve the needs of entire companies through huge, web-based platforms. As cloud computing rapidly becomes the delivery channel for software developers of all shapes and sizes to get their products to market, offering applications in a cloud is now the rule not the exception. A. rel
49、atively small number of sellers are able to offer SAAS to big companies that want company-wide cloud computing, and only the sellers need apply. Although market-share data are hard to come by, the list of companys large enough to offer cloud-computing on this scale is short: Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Salesforce, Rackspace and not many others.The concentration of data and