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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -八年级下册人教版最新第八单元学问点及课后练习现在完成时讲解现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,连续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与for （ +时间段） ,since （ +时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+ 时间段Mary has been ill since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） I have lived here since 1998. since+时间段 +ago I have lived here since six years ago. si
2、nce+ 从句（过去时）I have lived here since I was born. It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句（过去时）It s since I lived here.瞬时动词（buy,die,join,come, go ,leave,join）不能直接与for since连用.要转变动词buy-have; borrow -keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out ; leave-be away ; begin-be on ; finish-be over ; open-be open ; close -be
3、 closed ; die-be dead 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had不能用has bought this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或have 代替 borrowI have kept不能用have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher. 4、用 have a cold代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the d
4、ay before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_b 用“ be形容词 ”表 示一种状态,表连续性可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1、be married代 marry 2 、 be ill 代 fall get ill3、be dead 代 die 4 、be asleep代 fall get asleep5、be awake代 wake/wake up 6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be open 代 open 8 、be closed代 close/shut9
5、、be missinggone,lost代 lose可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_c 用“ be副词 ”表 示一种状态,表连续性,代终止性动词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1“ be on ”代 start,begin 2“ ubpe ”代 get up3“ be backto代”return to,come back to,go back to4“ be here there 代 co”mearrive,reach,get here或 go arrive,reach,get there等等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_d 用“ be介词短
6、语”代终止性动词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. “ be in/at +的点 ”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army代替 join the army3. “ be in/at +的点 ”代替 move toUNIT9 has gone to,has been to, has been in的区分Have/Has goneto :去了 现在不在说话现场 Where is your father？ He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been to :去过（已不在去过的的方） My father has be
7、en to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（仍在所呆的的方）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.（ 2）现在完成时讲解2一基本结构：助动词have/has+ 过去分词 done二
8、基本句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词 + 其他 .一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他 .简略答语 : Yes,主语+ have/has.确定 No,主语+ havent/hasnt.否定 五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 already, just和 yet 为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙.He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影.He hasnt come back yet.他仍没有回来.*
9、以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影.He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京.以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了.* 以 so far（ 到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京.She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试.3三用法现在完成时表
10、示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money so far.含义是 :现在我没有钱花了. Guo zijun 含义：郭子君现在在这儿My father to work.含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿留意：现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday,last week, three years ago等; 2 不能与when 连用2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时练习一 A) 选用 have, has填空 :1.I told him the news. 2.She come back fro
11、m school. 3.You won the game.B) 按要求改写以下各句:4. They have bought a computer.改成否定句 5. He has lost his book. 先改成一般疑问句,再作确定与否定回答Both his parents look sad . Maybe they whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has been to Shanghai , has he . 4可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料
12、名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - - . already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li ？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has
13、changed ; better . changed ; better . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying These farmers have been to the United States . Really . When there . . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10 、 Yes . I it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; fin
14、ished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish、5C) 单项挑选6.- -Where have you , Kate. -Ive to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. Its six weeks I met you last.A. when B. since
15、C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、单项挑选.1、 6 、 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew8、 . will see . have seen . saw .see9、11 、His father the Party si
16、nce 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12 、 Do you know him well . Sure .We friends since ten years ago . 6 . were . have been . have become . have made13 、 How long have you here . About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived14 、Hurry up. The play for ten minutes . . has begun
17、. had begun . has been on . began15 、 It ten years since he left the army . . is . has. will . was16 、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she to the library .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -
18、 .has gone . went .will go . has been17 、My parents Shandong for ten years . . have been in. have been to . have gone to . have been18 、The students have cleaned the classroom, .A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they19 、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China.A.
19、 How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20 、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换.1、He has never surfed, .（改成反意疑问句）2、对划线部分提问 they been here.3、The old man last year. Hefor a year. die（
20、动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同义句转换 This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同义句转换 Miss Gao an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother the Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. 同义句转换 two years the G
21、reen family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. 把两个句子合并成一个句子三、汉译英.1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了.2、他昨天收到一封信.3、我父亲以前到过长城.4、她仍没有看过那部新电影.5、她去过上海.6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项挑选.1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作仍未终止,始终连续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响.这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行.故上两侧依据上下文分析、推理,正确答案
22、是.2、现在完成常常与already （已经）, just （刚刚,正好）,ever （曾经）, never （从来,也不.从不）,before （以前）, yet （仍旧）等连用.故2 应选 B .3、C可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4、现在完成常常与recently （近来）, so f
23、ar （到目前为止）,in the past/“ las一t 段+时间 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_等时间状语连用.由于上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开头连续到现在的.故4 应选 D .5、C可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6、现在完成时常常与“ for 时+6 应选 C.7、C间段或since + 过去时间点”连用（含从句,从句过去时）.故可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8、现在完成时仍与once （一次）,twice （两次）,three times （三次）,several times（几
24、次）等表示重复次数的词语连用.故8 应 选 B. 9、现在完成时与一般过去时简单混淆,就是由于它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区分： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或常常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系.现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用.故9 的正确答案为B .10 、 B11 、现在完成时中,非连续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的连续性动词来代替.故11 的正确答案依次为
25、：D .12 、 B 13 、A 14 、C 15 、A .16 、“ have/has gone to +的点 ”表示 “某人去了某的（仍未回来）”,指主语所指的人不在这儿.9“ have/has been in +的点 ”表示 “在某的呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用.“ have/has been to + 的点 ”表示 “曾经去过某的（但现在已不在那儿）.”故 16 的正确答案为A.17 、 A 18 、D 19 、C 20 、C二、句型转换.1、has he. 2 、How long 3 、 died, has been dead4、has been open 5、has be
26、en away 6、joined .ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英.1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载