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1、ANSYS模态分析实例Inventory#002406WS1-2Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 目的目的在于计算某一悬索桥模型的振动特性塔科马海峡大桥,又称为“Galloping Gertie”,因其在1940年出任意外的倒塌而出名。在该实例中,首先对桥的模型进行分析,然后计算大桥的固有频率和固有振型。在求解中,我们考虑到了结构的“预应力”,因为自重载荷预先作用于桥梁上而导
2、致拉索产生了预拉力,从而增加了整体刚度。然后通过谐响应分析来模拟暴风导致桥倒塌以及漩涡脱落现象。Inventory#002406WS1-3Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryInventory#002406WS1-4Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserv
3、ed.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryInventory#002406WS1-5Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryInventory#002406WS1-6Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.Proprietary
4、Workshop 1 前处理桥梁模型包含有面体素和线体素。首先指定桥面板的厚度。展开“Geometry”分支,向下滚动选择“Surface Body”(deck surface).注意“Thickness”位置处呈黄色,表明还未定义4.左键单击(LMB)“thickness”位置,输入厚度:0.106m。5.为了节省时间,我们采用已经指定给线体的梁截面。4Inventory#002406WS1-7Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSY
5、S,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 环境5.对于桥塔塔底,在目录树中点击“Static Structural”,点击“Insert Fixed Supports”.6.切换至点选模型7.按住键,左键单击选取桥塔底部的4个点.在Details中,点击“Apply”在该过程中,如果必要,可以对模型进行旋转,改变视图567Inventory#002406WS1-8Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.Prop
6、rietaryWorkshop 1 环境8.对于桥的两端的支撑,选择 InsertDisplacement.切换至边选模式和框选模式,选择如图所示的线.9.对于Y 和Z 方向,输入0替换“Free”,“X”方向仍然保留为“Free”.89Inventory#002406WS1-9Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 环境在预应力分析中,需要考虑”重力“的影响.10.选择Inert
7、ialStandard Earth Gravity11.在“Details”中,改变方向为“-Z Direction”.1110Inventory#002406WS1-10Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 静力计算结果12.现在,点击“Solve”,获得静力求解结果,或者我们直接跳过这一步,直接插入模态分析。12Inventory#002406WS1-11Workshop S
8、upplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 模态求解当”Static Structural”分支建立完成(考虑预应力分析),即可添加模态分析.点击 Solution分支,点击右键选择“Create Modal Analysis with Prestress”13.这将在目录树中添加“Modal”分支,采用“Static Structural”作为初始条件.13Inventory#002406WS1-12W
9、orkshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 模态求解修改 ModalAnalysis Settings的Details设置14.在Details窗口中,提取最大的模态数为1015.修改“Output Controls”为Calculate Stress “Yes”Calculate Strain“Yes”1514Inventory#002406WS1-13Workshop Supplem
10、entWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 模态求解当所有的分支准备完毕,即可求解预应力模态分析.经过最后的校核,所有的分支的符号必须是下面的一种:(准备好)(完成)16.求解.工具栏按钮 Solve注意:点击工具条的求解,将会求解所有的分支。如果我们希望只求解一个分支的话,点击相应的分支进行求解即可。16Inventory#002406WS1-14Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simul
11、ation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 结果在模态分析求解完毕,即可查看每一阶频率的固有振型.17.在目录树中点击“Modal Solution”.在“Tabular Data”左键单击顶部,然后点击右键选择“Create Mode Shape Results”点击求解,后处理结果将会被更新.17Inventory#002406WS1-15Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10
12、,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.Proprietary.Workshop 1 结果18.查看每一阶模态的分析结果,点击每一阶模态对应的“Total Deformation”.可以动画显示每一阶振型。注意注意:关注最高阶自然频率的振型:Max Indicated Freq=_Hz.18Inventory#002406WS1-16Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS
13、,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 评述记住:在模态振型中的位移幅值是相对的,并不反应实际的位移幅值.最大的幅值将取决于系统的实际能量输入.下面我们将进行一次谐响应分析,以确定实际动态响应的幅值.Inventory#002406WS1-17Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 谐响应分析求解当静力分析和模态分析分支准备完毕,即将添加谐响应分析.19.点击New
14、Analysis,选择 Harmonic Response查看“Details”窗口的设置.这将在目录树中添加“Harmonic Response”.20.输入频率范围求解方法采用默认的模态叠加法(Mode Superposition).21.展开“Damping Controls”,在“Constant Damping Ratio”中输入0.03.211920.03Inventory#002406WS1-18Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserv
15、ed.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 谐响应分析环境设置在桥面施加压力载荷作为谐响应载荷类型.22.在Harmonic Response分支中,右键选择InsertPressure 23.切换至面选择.24.选择整个桥面25.在Details窗口中,改变“Define by”为“Components”在“Y Component”中输入1010026.从“Static Structural”分支复制边界条件至“Harmonic Response”分支27.求解谐响应分析.2310100222425Inventory#002406WS1-19Workshop Sup
16、plementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 谐响应分析结果当谐响应分析求解完毕,查看结果.可以选择点、面等,绘制平均值、最小值、最大值等结果.28.在 Harmonic Solution分支,选择插入频率响应 InsertFrequency Response29.在Details窗口中,采用面选择,在桥梁的中心选取面,单击 Apply指定为 “use Maximum”30.选择 Directional Def
17、ormation,方向为“Z Axis”在本例中,Z轴是竖直方向使用 Solve 或者 右键 Evaluate All Results262728Note:of course you can plan ahead and insert all the Harmonic Response Solution and Frequency Response Result objects when you originally inserted the Modal Solution.In that case you would Solve them all at once,or you can add
18、the objects incrementally as we have done here.Inventory#002406WS1-20Workshop SupplementWorkbench-Simulation DynamicsJuly 10,2007 2007 ANSYS,Inc.All rights reserved.ANSYS,Inc.ProprietaryWorkshop 1 谐响应频率响应结果31.在Harmonic Solution分支,点击Frequency Response频率响应(Z向变形)为与频率的关系曲线.在曲线上的频率范围是根据前面指定的最小和最大频率.30注意:实际的求解结果会随网格、单位指定的不同等因素而稍有不同如果时间允许的如果时间允许的话,改变频率范话,改变频率范围和求解间隔,围和求解间隔,然后重新求解。然后重新求解。