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1、电磁兼容及其保护前言Withthewidespreaduseofhigh-speeddigital-operatedelectronic devices,especially the exponential growth inwirelesscommunicationssuchasBluetooth,GSMMobile,WLAN,UWB,andsoon,withoutpropercontrol,thesedevices will be interrupted by the ElectromagneticInterference(EMI).About this courseIfEMIarenot
2、discovereduntilproducttestingoccurs.The resolution of interference problems of productdevelopment often involves additional componentswhichaddtosystemscostandcomplexity.ItistobefacetheElectromagneticCompatibility(EMC).2The understanding of the behavior of electronicdevices and systems requires that
3、of Maxwellsequationsandsignalanalysistechniques.However,suchapplicationisoftencumbersome.Toavoidthiscomplexity,anapproximateanalysistechnique is electric circuit theory at lowfrequency.For example,Kirchoffs Voltage Law(fromFaradaysLaw)andKirchoffsCurrentLaw(fromAmperesLaw).3EMC involves the operatio
4、n of these and other familiardevices in a regime where the special cases andsimplificationsthatareassociatedwithnormalbehaviorbreak down,and requires one to return to a morefundamentalsetofrulestodescribethebehaviorofthesedevices.Non-idealbehaviorimpliesthatdevicesarefunctioninginanabnormalway,whent
5、heyarereallybehavinginaperfectlynaturalway.Itisonlythroughtheapplicationoffundamentalprinciplesthatthebehaviorofdevicesunderalloperatingconditionsispredictable.About this course4For instance,it is impossible to know where certainelectronic devices such as notebook computers will beoperated.Notebooks
6、 are commonly used in the home,inautomobiles,atconstructionsites,onboardairplanes,andeven aboard manned spacecraft in Earth orbit.Each ofthese environments presents unique hazards and alsorequiresavarietyofemissionlimits.Thesamenotebookcomputermustbedesignedtofunctioninthepresenceofahairdryer,andals
7、ocannotinterferewith the instrument landing system of a commercialairliner.5characteristic of this coursenBased on theory of electromagnetic fieldnA new,cross subjectnParticularity of unitsnConcepts and terms coming from radio technologynPracticability nRely on measurement intensively6Why we need to
8、 learn EMC?(1)Jul.29,1967-Fire broke out on the deck of USS Forrestal CV 59 in GulfofTonkinduringVietnamWarandcause 134dead,161injured.OnMay4th,1982ThedestroyerHMSSheffieldwashitbyanmissile.Manysoldierswerekilled.DisasterscausedbylightningDisasterscausedbyESD(ElectrostaticDischarge)tweezers7nThedebu
9、ggingofelectronicdeviceismoredifficult.nTheobligedactualizationofEMCstandardsThecompetitionshortenedtheperiodofdevelopmentWhy we need to learn EMC?(2)8EMC is necessarycircuitproductEMCSI9Why debuggingSignal distortionCant achieve expect functionSelf-distortion reflection lossCrosstalkEarthSource noi
10、seInterference（radiation、conduct）Electromagnetic CompatibilitySignal Integrity10ElectromagneticInterference220ACDigitalPulseCircuitsDigitalVideoDeviceSwitchmodepower11Interference SourceRadio communicationLightningNEMPPulse circuitESDOn and off of inductive loadsFrequency conversion timing12There ar
11、e four basic coupling mechanisms:conductive,capacitive,magnetic(inductive),and radiative.Anycouplingpathcanbebrokendownintooneormoreofthesecouplingmechanismsworkingtogether.For example the lower path in the diagram involvesinductive,conductive,capacitivemodes.13Sothewaysofcouplingelectromagneticener
12、gyfromasourcetoareceptorare:1.Conducted(electriccurrent)2.Inductivelycoupled(magneticfield)3.Capacitivelycoupled(electricfield)4.Radiated(electromagneticfield)Some Types of EMC Problem ExcessiveRFEmissionsSusceptibility(Immunity)ESD(ElectrostaticDischarge)Coupling paths,often utilize a complex combi
13、nation of thesemethods,makingthepathdifficulttoidentifyevenwhenthesourceandreceptorareknown.Theremaybemultiplecouplingpathsandstepstakentoattenuateonepathmayenhanceanother.14Ways to solvenConductorradiationThe conductors(tracks,component leads)on thecircuit that are not grounded will be acting asant
14、ennae,radiatingRFenergy.Bykeepingtheseconductorsshortandrunningthemclosetogroundedareas,theybecomelessefficientandwillemitlessnSuppressioncomponentsSuppression components for broadband sources:capacitors,varistorsnGroundingnForemissionsproblem:shielding15Other waysnPowerSupplyBusDesignnSignalTrackDe
15、signnPrintedCircuitBoard（PCB）andComponentLayoutnCircuitDesignTechniques16EMC Education nIntroduction to Electromagnetic Interference(EMI)anditsEffectsnEM Waves Radiation Mechanisms and practicalantennasnThe EMC Directive,implementing regulations andEMCStandardsnMeasurementEnvironmentsandtesting,incl
16、udingtheOpenFieldTestSiteandAnechoicChamber.17EMC Education nMeasurement and Measurement Systems(receiversandspectrumanalyzers)nOverviewofEMCDesignPrinciplesnConductedInterference-SuppressionTechniquesCrosstalkPowerSupplies-EMCConsiderationsEMConaPCBnShieldingdemonstratedusingComputationalElectromag
17、netics/EMCpredictionsoftware18Research advancesnParasiticInductance,CapacitanceandResistanceinCircuitsnTimeDomainCircuitAnalysisnHigh-Speed,TimeDomainMeasurementsnCrosstalkinCablesandPrintedCircuitBoardsnPropertiesofHigh-SpeedLogicFamiliesnDifferentialSignaling19Research advancesnPowerDissipationinD
18、evicesandCircuitsnTimeDomainTransmissionLineAnalysisnHigh-FrequencyMeasurementsnProperGroundingStrategiesnPrintedCircuitBoardDecouplingnPrintedCircuitBoardLayoutnNewHardwareandSoftwareTechnologies20Computer Softwaren AnSys Inc.nFEKO(EM Software&Systems-S.A.(Pty)Ltd.The name is derived from the Germa
19、n,which can be translated as Field Calculations for Bodies with Arbitrary Surface.)n Apsim（Applied Simulation Tech）nCompact(Computerized Optimization of Microwave Passive and Active CircuiTs)n CST(Computer Simulation Technology)nXFDTD（REMCOM）21EMC Test EquipmentnAntennanSignalGeneratornLISN(anabbrev
20、iationforLineImpedanceStabilizationNetwork)nNetworkAnalyzerEMC Equipment ProducernRohde&SchwarznAgilentTechnologiesnTeseqnNationalInstruments22EMC Testing-How to do It nRadiatedemissiontestingontheopenfieldtestsite,(eg.EN55011,EN55022)nConductedemissiontestingusingtheabsorbingclamp(EN55014)nConducte
21、demissiontestingusingaLISN(eg.EN55011,EN55022)nConducted immunity-electrical fast transient/burst,(EN61000-4-4)nConductedRFimmunity,(EN61000-4-6)nRadiated immunity testing in an anechoic chamber,(EN61000-4-3)nElectrostaticdischargetesting,(EN61000-4-2)23nInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC),
22、hasseveralcommitteesworkingfulltimeonEMCissues.Theseare:nTechnicalCommittee77(TC77),workingonelectromagneticcompatibilitybetweenequipmentincludingnetworks.nComitInternationalSpcialdesPerturbationsRadiolectriques(CISPR),orInternationalSpecialCommitteeonRadioInterference.nTheAdvisoryCommitteeonElectro
23、magneticCompatibility(ACEC)co-ordinatestheIECsworkonEMCbetweenthesecommittees.nInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)promotesworldwideproprietary,industrialandcommercialstandards.Organizations and standards of EMC24nEurope:nComitEuropendeNormalisation(CEN)orEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizat
24、ion).nEuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute(ETSI).nUnitedStates:TheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC).nBritain:TheBritishStandardsInstitution(BSI).Organizations and standards of EMC25EMC related publicationsnIEEEtransactiononEMC,AntennaandPropagationIEEEPressnCableShieldingforElectromagneti
25、cCompatibilityAnatolyTsaliovich,VanNostrandReinhold,1995.nCapacitance,InductanceandCrosstalkAnalysisCharlesS.Walker,ArtechHouse,1990.nElectromagneticCompatibility:PrinciplesandApplicationsD.A.Weston,MarcelDekker,1991.nElectromagneticCompatibilityJ.J.Goedbloed,PrenticeHall,1992.nSomeChineseBooksonEMC
26、.2628On July 29,1967,the U.S.aircraftcarrierForrestalwasdeployedoffthecoast of North Vietnam.The carrierdeckcontainednumerousattackaircraft that were fueled and loadedwith1000-pound(lb)bombs,aswellasair-to-airandair-to-groundmissiles.Oneoftheaircraftmissileswasinadvertentlydeployed,strikinganotherai
27、rcraftandcausingan explosion of its fuel tanks and thesubsequentdeathof134servicepeople.Theproblem was thought to be caused by thegeneration of radiofrequency(RF)voltagesacrossthecontactsofashieldedconnectorbytheshipshigh-powersearchradar.29In1982theUnitedKingdomlostadestroyer,theHMSSheffield,toanEx
28、ocetmissileduringanengagementwithArgentinianforcesinthebattleoftheFalklandIslands.ThedestroyersradiosystemforcommunicatingwiththeUnitedKingdomwouldnot operate properly while the ships antimissile detection system was beingoperatedduetointerferencebetweenthetwosystems.Totemporarilypreventinterference
29、 during a period of communication with the United Kingdom,theantimissilesystemwasturnedoff.Unfortunately,thiscoincidedwiththeenemylaunchoftheExocetmissile.30The Hindenburg disaster has been attributed to spark discharge 313233Anechoic chamberClose-up of a pyramidal RAMAntennaVReceiving Vradiation Bi
30、conical antennaOmnidirectional biconical antennaLISN(an abbreviation for Line Impedance Stabilization Network)a standard LISN with top cover removedLISN block diagram.This is standard diagram of a typical LISN.Part values for a particular standard(MIL-STD 461E):C1=8F,R1=5,C2=250nF,R2=1knetwork analy
31、zer(an instrument used to analyze thepropertiesofelectricalnetworks,especiallythosepropertiesassociatedwiththereflectionandtransmissionofelectricalsignalsknownasscatteringparameters(S-parameters)ZVA40 vector network analyzer from Rohde&Schwarz.Agilent Technologies,orAgilent,isanAmericancompanythatde
32、signsandmanufactureselectronicandbio-analyticalmeasurementinstrumentsandequipmentformeasurementandevaluation.Agilentsmajorproductlinesinclude:ElectronicTestandmeasurementproductssuchasoscilloscopes,logicanalyzers,signalgenerators,spectrumanalyzers,vectornetworkanalyzers,atomicforcemicroscopes(AFM),a
33、utomatedopticalinspection,automatedX-ray,in-circuittest,andelectronicdesignautomation(EDA)softwareAgilent Technologies headquarters lobby in Santa Clara,California39An analog RF signal generatorA vector signal generatorBACK40ANSYS,Inc.isanengineeringsimulationsoftware(computer-aided engineering,or C
34、AE)developer headquartered south ofPittsburghintheSouthpointebusinessparkinCecilTownship,Pennsylvania,United States.It was founded in Canonsburg,Pennsylvania,U.S.in 1970.It has many products includingANSYS Multiphysics,Fluent,Workbench,HFSS,SIWave,SpaceClaim.FEKO is a computational electromagnetics
35、software productdeveloped by Altair Engineering.It is a general purpose 3Delectromagnetic(EM)simulator.FEKOoriginatedin1991attheUniversityofStuttgart,Germany.ThesoftwareisbasedontheMethod of Moments(MoM)integralformulationof Maxwellsequationsandvarioushybridmethodssuchas:(FEM)/MoM,MoM/PO(PhysicalOpt
36、ics),MoM/GO(GeometricalOptics),MoM/UTD(UniformTheoryofDiffraction).41Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co KGisaninternationalelectronicsgroup specialized in the fields of electronic test equipment,broadcasting,radiomonitoringandradiolocation,andradiocommunication.The company provides products for the wirelesscommu
37、nications,broadcasting and electronics industry,aerospaceanddefense,homelandsecurityandcriticalinfrastructures.Thegrouphasbeendeveloping,producingandmarketingelectronicproductsforthecapitalgoodssectorsince1933.InadditiontotheMunich headquarters,there are regional headquarters in the US(Columbia,Mary
38、land)andinAsia(Singapore).OutsideGermany,Rohde&SchwarzhasdevelopmentcentersintheUS,Singapore,Korea,China,Denmark,FranceandGreatBritain.The company has also production facilities in Singapore andMalaysia.Back42Teseq AG,formerly Schaffner Test Systems is a supplier ofElectromagneticcompatibility(EMC)t
39、estsolutions.TheydevelopandmanufactureinstrumentsforEMCemissionsandimmunitytestingbothforradiatedandconductedemissionsandimmunity.TeseqoperatesISO17025accreditedcalibrationlaboratorieswithEMCspecialization.Teseq was twice nominated for Best in Test by Test&Measurement World Magazine and has been awa
40、rded A2LAcertification.They delivered over 10,000 electrostatic discharge(ESD)simulators.TeseqequipmentmaybefoundinmostEMCtestlaboratories.Teseq,formerlySchaffnerTestSystemswasthefirstcompanytorecognizethethreatofEMCemissionsandinterferenceandbeginofferingEMCinstruments.Back43National Instruments Co
41、rporation,or NI,is an Americancompany with international operation.Headquartered in Austin,Texas,it is a producer of automated test equipment and virtualinstrumentation software.Common applications include dataacquisition,instrumentcontrolandmachinevision.Intheearly1970s,JamesTruchard,JeffKodosky,an
42、dBillNowlin,wereusingearlycomputertechnologytocollectandanalyzedata.Frustrated with the inefficient data collection methods they wereusing,thethreedecidedtocreateaproductthatwouldenabletheirtasktobedonemoreeasily.In1976,workinginthegarageatTruchardshome,thethreefoundedanewcompany.Theyattemptedtoinco
43、rporateunderseveralnames,including Longhorn Instruments and Texas Digital,but all wererejected.Finally,they settled on the current name of NationalInstruments.44LabVIEW,agraphicaldevelopmentenvironmentLabWindows/CVI,anANSICprogrammingenvironmentMeasurementStudio,asetofcomponentsforMicrosoftVisualStu
44、dioNITestStand,fortestexecutionsequencingNIVeriStandforreal-timetestNIDIAdemfordatamanagementNIMultisimforcircuitdesignNIUltiboardforPCBdesignNIVisionBuilderforAutomatedInspectionNILabVIEWSignalExpressfordataloggingNISwitchExecutiveforswitchmanagementNIRequirementsGatewayforrequirementstrackingNatio
45、nalInstrumentsengineeringsoftwareincludes:NICompactRIO,programmableFPGA-basedindustrialcontrollerNICompactDAQ,dataacquisitionsystemsforUSBandEthernetPXIPlatform,amodularinstrumentationstandardwithmorethan1,500productsNationalInstrumentshardwareplatformsinclude:Back4546此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢