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1、研究生专业英语秋 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望How to contact me?Classroom:Rm 330,Building for life Sciences Classroom:Rm 330,Building for life Sciences lecturing time:Tuesday 16:5520:35 lecturing time:Tuesday 16:5520:35 Office time:9:00-16:00 Offic
2、e time:9:00-16:00 Monday,Tuesday&Thursday Monday,Tuesday&Thursday Rm 336 or 704,Life Science BuildingRm 336 or 704,Life Science Building Tel:66137536(for Rm704),66132399(for Rm 336)Tel:66137536(for Rm704),66132399(for Rm 336)E-mail:E-mail:&Grading PolicyGrades will be determined from the following a
3、spects:20%Activity in class 70%Final exam 10%attendance Final evaluation will held in last weekCould the records for CET4 and CET 6 stand for the master of English for most people?I DO NOT think that good records for CET4 and CET 6 can necessarily indicate your English command.Specialty English for
4、Biological Master-degree students20082008年哈佛大学申请人数年哈佛大学申请人数2746227462人，录取率为人，录取率为7.1%.20097.1%.2009年有超过年有超过500500名名SATSAT阅读满分和阅读满分和13001300名名SATSAT数学满分申请者被拒之门外。数学满分申请者被拒之门外。耶鲁耶鲁8.3%8.3%，哥伦比亚，哥伦比亚8.7%8.7%，斯坦福，斯坦福9.5%9.5%，普林斯，普林斯顿顿9.5%9.5%，麻城理工，麻城理工10%10%，布朗大学和达特茅斯，布朗大学和达特茅斯13%13%，宾夕法尼亚，宾夕法尼亚16.4%16.4
5、%，乔治城大学，乔治城大学1818，康奈尔，康奈尔2020，全部创历史新低。，全部创历史新低。SATSAT：Scholastic Aptitude test,a test of a students Scholastic Aptitude test,a test of a students verbal and mathematical skills,used for admission verbal and mathematical skills,used for admission to American colleges.to American colleges.为什么中国学生托福成绩高
6、分不再？过去中国学生考托福是高分的代名词，过去中国学生考托福是高分的代名词，550550不在话不在话下，下，600600多分大有人在。导致美国许多大学质疑中多分大有人在。导致美国许多大学质疑中国学生托福成绩的真实性，往往不给他们发奖学金。国学生托福成绩的真实性，往往不给他们发奖学金。一方面托福网上报名一位难求，另一方面自从采用一方面托福网上报名一位难求，另一方面自从采用新的考试方法中国学生成绩明显下降，高分者越来新的考试方法中国学生成绩明显下降，高分者越来越少。越少。20082008年世界考生雅思平均成绩为年世界考生雅思平均成绩为6.5,6.5,而中国考生雅而中国考生雅思平均成绩只有思平均成绩
7、只有5.595.59，在世界考试人数最多的，在世界考试人数最多的2020个个国家和地区中倒数第三位，仅高于阿联酋和越南。国家和地区中倒数第三位，仅高于阿联酋和越南。WHY?WHY?只因为考试加了些听说的内容！只因为考试加了些听说的内容！英语口译考试应试者之重超出一般人的想象近年中高级英语口译的考试通过率为多少？通过口译考试拿到所谓“证书”的人中，从事口译工作的人少之又少？Why？不是他们不想做而是做不了？WHY？中看不中用使然也！专业词汇不懂或看懂而说不出 atom,atomic magic magician Italy ItalianCanada Canadian,reference,ref
8、er referee try your best to read the following familiar wordsexhibit,exhibition,export,exportationexplain，explanation nature，maturespeedometer，photometer，photographypseudonym,synonym,antonymdecide,decision,extend,extensionexist,exit,execute,execution,executiveAre there some shortcuts for learning?Wh
9、at is the height of Fuji mountain in Japan?What is the height of Fuji mountain in Japan?Is“student overseas”the same as“overseas Is“student overseas”the same as“overseas student”?student”?immigrant=emigrant?If not,what is the difference immigrant=emigrant?If not,what is the difference from each othe
10、r?from each other?shortcuts=diligence+skills shortcuts=diligence+skills shortcuts diligence and hard workshortcuts diligence and hard workOne 15 years old child was matriculated as one One 15 years old child was matriculated as one freshman of Cambridge University July,2010.(the freshman of Cambridg
11、e University July,2010.(the youngest student in history of 337 years for this youngest student in history of 337 years for this world-wide famous university funded in 773 )world-wide famous university funded in 773 )Thomas Edison.Thomas Edison.What is Specialty English?Specialty English is materials
12、 related to your speciality (specialty)written in English.Anyway,it belongs to the category of English,and shares common core with daily English,it follows the rules and patterns of general English,but it has its own rhetoric and grammatical traits.Why should we study specialty English?As one studen
13、t majoring in life sciences,you As one student majoring in life sciences,you should know some deal of specialty vocabulary should know some deal of specialty vocabulary You have to read a great deal of articles written in You have to read a great deal of articles written in English for your study an
14、d researchEnglish for your study and researchAnd you have to write some scientific paper in And you have to write some scientific paper in English,at least,the abstract for your dissertation English,at least,the abstract for your dissertation according to rhetoric and grammatical style or according
15、to rhetoric and grammatical style or pattern of scientific and academic publicationspattern of scientific and academic publicationsDO YOU KNOW THEM?economic economicaleconomic economical student overseas overseas studentstudent overseas overseas student arctic antarcticarctic antarctic in vitro in v
16、ivoin vitro in vivo principle principal principle principal migrate immigrate emigratemigrate immigrate emigrate molecule molecularmolecule molecular agree disagreeagree disagree advantage disadvantageadvantage disadvantage adjust adjacentadjust adjacent 当你方便的时候来看看我（当你方便的时候来看看我（convenientconvenient）
17、。他不是一个优秀的学生（他不是一个优秀的学生（excellentexcellent）。）。12389(feet),the height of Fuji in Japan12389(feet),the height of Fuji in Japan bobotany,phytany,phytototomy,tatomy,taxoxonomy,tanomy,taxoxology,alogy,ananalogy,alogy,ananatomytomyDO you know why?We express“厘米”as“cm”,“毫米”as“mm”,“毫克”as“mg”and“毫升”as“ml”?We e
18、xpress the capacity of MP3/MP4 or hard disc of your computer as M or G even T?We use RNA to stand for“核糖核酸”and DNA“脱氧核糖核酸”?Specialty English for Biological Master-degree studentsDo you know what is the English name for“Do you know what is the English name for“口蹄疫口蹄疫”？Do you know the relevant English
19、 for“Do you know the relevant English for“液泡膜液泡膜”，”溶酶体溶酶体”，”液泡液泡”,维管束（鞘），维管束（鞘），“单子叶植物单子叶植物”，“双子叶植物双子叶植物”etc.respectively?etc.respectively?Could you read the words“cation,anion,eucaryotic,Could you read the words“cation,anion,eucaryotic,immature,consenescence,etc.”,correctly?immature,consenescence,e
20、tc.”,correctly?If“Yes”to all questions,you do not need to stay in If“Yes”to all questions,you do not need to stay in classroom for this course.classroom for this course.If“No”to all or some,you had better stay for more If“No”to all or some,you had better stay for more learning.learning.常读错的常用专业词汇met
21、abolismmetabolicmetabolitemetabolism/metEb5liz5m/metabolic/met5b6lik/metabolite/mitEb5l2t/常读错的常用专业词汇catabolismcataboliccatabolite(by-product)catabolism/k5tEb5liz5m/catabolic/kEt5b6lik/catabolite/k5tEb5l2t/常读错的常用专业词汇anabolism anabolicanaboliteaerobe aerobicanaerobe anaerobic anode(anion)cathode(catio
22、n)常读错的常用专业词汇analysisanalyticalanalyzeanalystanalysis/5nElisis/analytical/En5litik5l/analyze/En5l2z/analyst/En5list/常读错的常用专业词汇catalyticcatalystcatalysiscatalytic/kEt5litik/catalyst/kEt5list/catalysis/k5tElisis/常读错的常用专业词汇prokaryoteprokaryoticeukaryoteeukaryoticprokaryote/prokEriot/prokaryotic/prokEri6
23、tik/eukaryote/&kEriot/eukaryotic/&kEri6tik/常读错的常用专业词汇moleculemolecularmolecule/m6lik7l/,/molik7l/molecular/molek&l5/常读错的常用专业词汇organorganicinorganicorganismorganelleorgan/g5n/,organic/gEnik/inorganic/ingEnik/organism/g5niz5m/organelle/g5nel/常读错的常用专业词汇mechanismmechanicsmechanicmechanicianmechanism/mek
24、5niz5m/mechanics/mikEniks/mechanic/mikEnik/mechanician/mek5ni85n/Specialty English for Biological Master-degree studentsGrading Policy:Grades will be determined from the following aspects,and on a curve based on the highest and student have received.30%Activity in class 50%Final exams 20%attendance
25、How to be a successful a leaner or an advisor授之以渔地教：授之以渔地教：to tell students how to be an expert on to tell students how to be an expert on fishing,or how to be a pisciculturist(fishing,or how to be a pisciculturist(养鱼家养鱼家),and to),and to know how toknow how to fish,rather than to give them existing
26、fish,rather than to give them existing fish directly,i.e.tell them the ways and the techniques fish directly,i.e.tell them the ways and the techniques for studynot simply let them remember all the for studynot simply let them remember all the teacher told them.teacher told them.勤奋勤奋&灵活地学：灵活地学：to mak
27、e the best use of the methods to make the best use of the methods that you learned from teachers and to try to find the that you learned from teachers and to try to find the new techniques for yourself and the latter is more new techniques for yourself and the latter is more important to you,as you
28、find them through your study,important to you,as you find them through your study,you summarize them out from a great deal of you summarize them out from a great deal of learningthey are most suitable to you.learningthey are most suitable to you.-What are the personality characteristics successful l
29、anguage learners possess,and what kinds of strategies and methods and techniques they use?Unit OneHow to be a successful English learnerPersonality CharacteristicsThey are tolerant of ambiguity:they can tolerate a certain amount of frustration and uncertaintyThey are extroverted:They are willing to
30、express their own ideas openly(outgoing)and take risks in life.Strategies and TechniquesThey have insight into their own language learning They have insight into their own language learning styles and preferences:they can adapt to various styles and preferences:they can adapt to various methods and
31、materials and know how to make methods and materials and know how to make sense of the linguistic information.sense of the linguistic information.They take an active approach to the learning task:They take an active approach to the learning task:they have their own goals and ways to use the they hav
32、e their own goals and ways to use the second language,they dont rely too heavily on second language,they dont rely too heavily on the teachers,in other words,they are independent the teachers,in other words,they are independent learners.learners.Strategies and TechniquesThey are willing to take risk
33、s and are not afraid of They are willing to take risks and are not afraid of making mistakes:they have a positive and making mistakes:they have a positive and accepting view of new language and native accepting view of new language and native speakers,and make use of any opportunity to speakers,and
34、make use of any opportunity to communicate with native municate with native speakers.They are good guessers:they constantly search They are good guessers:they constantly search for clues to the meaning and use these clues to for clues to the meaning and use these clues to make reasonable guesses.mak
35、e reasonable guesses.Strategies and TechniquesThey are aware of form as well as content:they They are aware of form as well as content:they constantly look for patterns in language and try to constantly look for patterns in language and try to figure out rules for forming the language.figure out rul
36、es for forming the language.They actively try to develop the second language They actively try to develop the second language into a separate reference system:they think of the into a separate reference system:they think of the second language as separate from their first second language as separate
37、 from their first language,and try to think the second language as language,and try to think the second language as soon as possible rather than translating from one soon as possible rather than translating from one language to another.language to another.Traits of English studiesSkillfulA lot to be
38、 rememberedEasy to forgetLong durationMethods used to learn EnglishDirect mother languageNatural“pinyin”（apple，ant）Balance of left and right hemisphereOverlap and recycleMultimedia,multi-accessesSelf-creation of environment，etc.The methods I like best无压力学习法（as a kind of joy,not a burden）灵活记忆法（flexib
39、le memory）a.Chain&net memoryb.Association memoryc.Word-building memoryd.Special method for special wordse.Memory by phoneticsf.Memory by word sourceChain&net memory-synonym,antonym,and derivativeright left right wrong correct incorrectAssociation memoryarctic antarcticprincipal principleIn vitro in
40、vivoout of question out of the questionIn front of in the front of 12389(feet):height of Fuji mountainWord-building memory IndeIndepenpendence(of)Indedence(of)Indepenpendent(of)dedent(of)dependpend(upon)(upon)dedepenpendent(on)dedent(on)depenpendence(on)dence(on)Agreement agree disagree disagreement
41、Agreement agree disagree disagreementcompetecompetitioncompetitorcompetencecompetentcompetitiveincompetenceincompetentuncompetitiveuncompetitiveaffixes for negatory meaningin-:correct-incorrectformal-informalcapable-incapableaccurate-inaccurateil-:used for words with starting letter“l”:legal-illegal
42、 logical-illogicalim-:used for words with beginning letter“p”,“b”and“m”mobile-immobile-immobilization-immobilized enzyme possible-impossible practical-impractical balance-imbalanceir-:used for words with starting letter“r regular-irregular,responsible-irresponsible affixes for negative meaningun-:un
43、+adj:unable,unnecessary,untrue,unaware,uncertain,uncommon,unfair unpleasant,unfavorable,unfortunate,uncomfortable,unhappy,unjust,unfriendly,ungrateful,unimportant,uninteresting,unkind unlucky,unreasonable,unselfish,unconscious,unusual,unwelcome unwilling,unworthy,unequal *most of adjectives ending w
44、ith“-able”are turned into negatory form this way un+past participle:used for most past participle UFO:unidentified flying object uncustomed,undoubted,uneducated,unexpected,unknown,unseen unsettled,unemployedun+verb:unfold,unload,uncover,undress,unlock affixes for negative meaningdis-:dis+verb:discon
45、tinue,dislike,disagree,discharge,disown,disinfect,disable dis+adjective:dishonest,disable dis+noun:disability,*disable unable unable enable,*inability disabilityaffixes for negative meaningnon-:non+noun:non-sense,nonexistencenon+adjective:non-academicSpecial method for special wordsExamples:verb+men
46、t noun:argue-argument(not arguement)judge-judgement=judgment ad.+th noun:long-length strong-strength wide-width Memory by phoneticsmolecule molecularbiology biological biologistorgan exhibit exhibitionorgan exhibit exhibitionorganelle inhibit inhibitionorganelle inhibit inhibitionorganism extraordin
47、ary organism extraordinary organic exaggerateorganic exaggerateinorganic disadvantageinorganic disadvantageMemory by phoneticsexplain explanationexhibit exhibitionatom atomicacademy academicnature naturalnation nationalmature maturityclass classicalMemory by word sourcepaternal patermaternal materfr
48、aternal fraterDerivatives:Morphemes=affix+root(stem):Insect,impressinclude,exclude,concludeantonym,synonym,pseudonym Multimedia,multi-accesses to make use of video&audio materials Self-creation of environment to think about everything you meet,you hear,you miss,in English,not first in Chinese and th
49、en in English 地铁，超车道，收费口，硬路基（肩）洗发水,分线盒,磁悬浮英语性别表达的差异阳性阳性阴性阴性阳性阳性阴性阴性阳性阳性阴性阴性god god goddessgoddessshepherdshepherdshepherdessshepherdess bullbullcowcowemperor emperor empressempresswidowerwidowerwidowwidowhorsehorsemaremarekingkingqueenqueenladladlasslasscockcockhenhenprinceprinceprincessprincessheroheroheroineheroinewaiterwaiterwaitresswaitressnephewnephewnieceniecemastermastermistressmistressbridegroombridegroom bridebrideheirheirheiressheiresslionlionlionesslionessmastermastermistressmistresstigertigertigresstigress何谓“有理想的教育”？当前普遍存在的过分强调个人作用和自我意识做法和急功当前普遍存在的过分强调个人作用和自我意识做法和急功近利的心态致使高洁素养沦丧、君