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1、Direct speech 直接直接(zhji)引语和间接引语和间接引语引语&indirect speechGrammar第一页，共41页。第二页，共41页。ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.MyfamilyandIarehidinginAmsterdam.ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.MyonlytruefriendisKittymydiary.Shesaidthatheronlytr
2、uefriendwasKittyherdiary.Afterhidinghereforalongtime,Ivebecomecrazyaboutnature.Shesaidthatafterhidingthereforalongtime,shehadbecomecrazyaboutnature.第三页，共41页。Annesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech)ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.(Indirectspeech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述
3、别人的话语一般采用两种方式(fngsh):一是原封一是原封不动地引用原话不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内把它放在引号内,这叫直接这叫直接引语引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).第四页，共41页。第五页，共41页。1.直接引语转变为间接引语时直接引语转变为间接引语时,从句由从句由that引导引导,可省略可省略;主句动词为主句动词为现在时现在时时时,从句动词时态不变。从句动词时态不变。1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”1.Sheof
4、tensays(that)allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.第六页，共41页。2.“Ilikereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstories.3.“Idontlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.Sarahtoldhimthatshedidntlikecars.2.直接引语转变为间接引语时，直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称人称要要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。第七页
5、，共41页。第八页，共41页。直接引语直接引语(yn y)(yn y)里的第一人称和第二人称，里的第一人称和第二人称，变间变间 接引语接引语(yn y)(yn y)时，人称要做相应调整。时，人称要做相应调整。1.She said:“I am hungry.”1.She said:“I am hungry.”She said that she was hungry.She said that she was hungry.2.Mum said 2.Mum said toto me:“You can do it me:“You can do it yourself.”yourself.”Mum t
6、old me that I could do it Mum told me that I could do it myself.myself.3.Mr.Smith said,“He is a good 3.Mr.Smith said,“He is a good worker.worker.Mr.Smith said that he was a good Mr.Smith said that he was a good worker.worker.1.1.人称人称(rnchng)(rnchng)的变化的变化第九页，共41页。1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.
7、”Jacktoldmethat_lookedworriedthatday.2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrecleaningtheroom.”Wetoldherthat_werecleaningtheroom.3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat_hadwalkedalongway.Itheyhe第十页，共41页。2.2.时态变化时态变化 Hesays:“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthathetreatsmeashisson.1.主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将现在完成时或一
8、般将来来(jingli)时的时候时的时候,间接引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。第十一页，共41页。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般一般(ybn)现现在在时时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般一般(ybn)过过去去时时Hesaidheknewit.2.当主句当主句(zhj)为过去时为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变从句要跟着相应的变化。化。现在进行时现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.第十二页，共41页。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前
9、)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在现在(xinzi)完成完成时时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去过去(guq)完成时完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.现在现在(xinzi)完成完成进行时进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.第十三页，共41页。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时“Isawheryesterday,”hesaid.过去过去(guq)完成时完成时
10、Hesaidhehadseenherthedaybefore.过去过去(guq)进行时进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时ShesaidshewaswaitingforJim.第十四页，共41页。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般一般(ybn)将来时将来时Hesaid:“Wewillstarttomorrow.”过去过去(guq)将来时将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.过去过去(guq)完成时完成时“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jack
11、said.过去完成时过去完成时JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.第十五页，共41页。一般现在时一般现在时现在完成现在完成(wnchng)时时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去一般过去(guq)时时过去过去(guq)完成时完成时过去过去(guq)进行时进行时过去过去(guq)将来时将来时过去过去(guq)完成时完成时过去过去(guq)完完成时成时过去过去(guq)进进行时行时不变不变第十六页，共41页。1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit_reallyc
12、old.was2.“IdontwanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe_wanttogotherewithAlice.didnt第十七页，共41页。3.Theboysaid:“Iwillbeapilot.”Theboysaidthathe_apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey_music.werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid_hishomework.hehadfinish
13、ed第十八页，共41页。直接(zhji)引语 间接间接(jin(jin ji)ji)引语引语时时 间间 状状 语语 nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdaythenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodaystimetwodaysbefore3.3.其他其他(qt)(qt)变化变化 第十九页，共41页。直接(z
14、hji)引语 间接间接(jin(jin ji)ji)引语引语指示指示(zhsh)(zhsh)代词代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this that these those here therecome go bring take 第二十页，共41页。1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.IlookedthatdayExerciseExercise 第二十一页，共41页。2.Wesaidtoher,“The
15、yrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow第二十二页，共41页。3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek第二十
16、三页，共41页。4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday第二十四页，共41页。Reviewtherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.第二十五页，共41页。第二十六页，共41页。第二十七页，共41页。Theyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedif/whetheri
17、tiseasytosolvetheproblem wasThey asked if it was easy to solve the problem.第二十八页，共41页。Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”Heaskedwhenyou harvestthewheat.we harvestedTheyaskedwhenwe harvestedthewheat.第二十九页，共41页。疑问句变为间接引语时疑问句变为间接引语时,除了除了要把疑问语序改为要把疑问语序改为陈述语序陈述语序,由由whether/if或特殊疑问词引或特殊疑问词引导外导外,人称、时态和状语人称
18、、时态和状语等也等也要作相应地变化要作相应地变化。第三十页，共41页。1.“Idontknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidntknowtheaddressofhernewhome.第三十一页，共41页。2.“Ivegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsand
19、dustywindows.第三十二页，共41页。3.“Ineedtopackupmythingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.4.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”herfatheraskedher.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.Herfatheraskedherwhyshehadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.第三十三页，共41页。第三十四页，共41页。由直接引语转变为间接由直
20、接引语转变为间接(jinji)引语，引语，下列情况时态不变下列情况时态不变:Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.Theteachersaid:“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”1.不变的真理不变的真理(zhnl)第三十五页，共41页。2.直接引语为一般过去时并且直接引语为一般过去时并且(bngqi)与具与具体时间状语连用：体时间状语连用：Theteachersaid,“Iwasbornin1945.”Theteachersaidshewasbornin194
21、5.第三十六页，共41页。第三十七页，共41页。1.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl_crying_.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_.whyshewastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoff第三十八页，共41页。3.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy_plane_.whetherhehadseentheirhimself4.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.whetherrises第三十九页，共41页。Reviewtherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.第四十页，共41页。第四十一页，共41页。