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1、剑桥雅思7 Test4阅读Passage1真题解析剑桥雅思7，第四套试题，阅读部分 Passage 1，阅读真题原文部分：READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1below.Pulling stings to build pyramidsNo one knows exactly how the pyramids were built. Marcus Chown reckons the answer could be hang
2、ing in the air.The pyramids of Egypt were built more than three thousand years ago, and no one knows how. The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on sledges. But there is no evidence to back this up. Now a Californian software consultant called Maureen Clemmons ha
3、s suggested that kites might have been involved. While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph that showed a row of men standing in odd postures. They were holding what looked like ropes that led, via some kind of mechanical system, to a giant bird in the sky. She wondere
4、d if perhaps the bird was actually a giant kite, and the men were using it to lift a heavy object.Intrigued, Clemmons contacted Morteza Gharib, aeronautics professor at the California Institute of Technology. He was fascinated by the idea. Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern s
5、cience, he says. He too was puzzled by the picture that had sparked Clemmonss interest. The object in the sky apparently had wings far too short and wide for a bird. The possibility certainly existed that it was a kite, he says. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, inve
6、stigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters seemed like a good idea.Gharib and Graff set themselves the task of raising a 4.5-metre stone column from horizontal to vertical, using no source of energy except the wind. Their initial calculations and scale-model wind-tunnel experiments co
7、nvinced them they wouldnt need a strong wind to lift the 33.5-tonne column. Even a modest force, if sustained over a long time, would do. The key was to use a pulley system that would magnify the applied force. So they rigged up a tent-shaped scaffold directly above the tip of the horizontal column,
8、 with pulleys suspended from the scaffolds apex. The idea was that as one end of the column rose, the base would roll across the ground on a trolley. Earlier this year, the team put Clemmonss unlikely theory to the test, using a 40-square-metre rectangular nylon sail. The kite lifted the column clea
9、n off the ground. We were absolutely stunned, Gharib says. The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was raised to the vertical in a mere 40 seconds.The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 to 20 kilometres an hour, little more than half what they thought would
10、be needed. What they had failed to reckon with was what happened when the kite was opened. There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says. This jerk meant that kites could lift huge weights, Gharib realised. Even a 300-tonne column could have been lifted t
11、o the vertical with 40 or so men and four or five sails. So Clemmons was right: the pyramid builders could have used kites to lift massive stones into place. Whether they actually did is another matter, Gharib says. There are no pictures showing the construction of the pyramids, so there is no way t
12、o tell what really happened. The evidence for using kites to move large stones is no better or worse than the evidence for the brute force method, Gharib says.Indeed, the experiments have left many specialists unconvinced. The evidence for kite-lifting is non-existent, says Willeke Wendrich, an asso
13、ciate professor of Egyptology at the University of California, Los Angeles.Others feel there is more of a case for the theory. Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians. And they are known to have used wooden pulleys, which could have been made str
14、ong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone. In addition, there is some physical evidence that the ancient Egyptians were interested in flight. A wooden artefact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider. Although it dates from several hundred years after
15、 the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time. And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as 1250 BC, the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their
16、foes.The experiments might even have practical uses nowadays. There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles. Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua, wh
17、o wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs supported by concrete arches on a site that heavy equipment cant reach. His idea is to build the arches horizontally, then lift them into place using kites. Weve given him some design hints, says Gharib. Were just waiting for him to report back. So whethe
18、r they were actually used to build the pyramids or not, it seems that kites may make sensible construction tools in the 21 st century AD.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees
19、 with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the pyramids.2 Clemmons found a strange hieroglyph on the wall of an Egyptian monument.3 Gharib had previous
20、ly done experiments on bird flight.4 Gharib and Graff tested their theory before applying it.5 The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind.6 They found that, as the kite flew higher, the wind force got stronger.7 The team decided that it was possible to use kites to ra
21、ise very heavy stones.Questions 8-13Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answerWrite your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.Additional evidence for theory of kite-liftingThe Egyptians had 8 which could lift large pieces of 9 , and they knew how
22、to use the energy of the wind from their skill as 10 . The discovery on one pyramid of an object which resembled a 11 suggests they may have experimented with 12 . In addition, over two thousand years ago kites were used in China as weapons, as well as for sending 13 .READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁 说明文主题 线
23、牵金字塔结构 引 言：引出Marcus Chown的新观点。第一段：介绍Marcus关于金字塔修建的新观点。第二段：该观点引起另一位科学家Morteza的兴趣。第三段：为验证该观点提出的实验假设。第四段：实验获得成功。第五段：对实验结果的分析。第六段：对该观点存在不同的声音。第七段：对于该观点的其他解释及依据。第八段：该实验在现实中的应用。必背词汇引 言 pyramid n. 金字塔 reckon v. 料想第一段 conventional adj. 通常的，常规的 hieroglyph n. 象形文字，图画文字slave n. 奴隶 odd adj. 古怪的drag vt. 拖，拉 post
24、ure n. 姿势sledge n. 雪橇 via prep. 经由back up 支持 mechanical adj. 机械的software n. 软件 giant adj. 巨大的consultant n. 顾问 wonder v. 好奇peruse vt. 翻阅，浏览 object n. 物体monument n. 历史遗迹，遗址第二段 intrigue v. 激起的兴趣 keen adj. 强烈的，浓厚的contact v. 联系 puzzled adj. 困惑的aeronautics n. 航空学 spark v. 激发institute n. 学院 apparently adv.
25、 显然fascinate v. 强烈地吸引 investigate v. 调查，研究第三段 column n. 柱，圆柱 sustain v. 维持horizontal adj. 水平的 pulley n. 滑车，滑轮vertical adj. 垂直的 magnify v. 放大source n. 来源 rig v. 装配initial adj. 最初的 tent-shaped adj. 帐篷形状的calculation n. 计算 scaffold n. 支架wind-tunnel adj. 风洞的 suspend v. 悬挂convince v. 说服，使相信 apex n. 顶点，最高点
26、tonne n. 吨 roll v. (使)滚动modest adj. 温和的，适度的 trolley n. 手推车第四段 rectangular n. 矩形 instant n. 立即，瞬间nylon n. 尼龙 generate v. 产生absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地 mere adj. 仅仅的stun v. 使目瞪口呆第五段 gentle adj. 温和的；徐缓的 massive adj. 巨大的steady adj. 稳定的，不变的 actually adv. 实际上state n. 状态 construction n. 建设，建造jerk v. 急拉 brute a
27、dj. 无理性的realise v. 意识到第六段 specialist n. 专家 no-existent adj. 不存在的unconvinced adj. 不信服的 associate professor 副教授第七段 harness v. 利用 uncannily adv. 异常地accomplished adj. 熟练的，有造诣的 glider n. 滑翔机Egyptian n. 埃及人 sophistication n. 精密性，复杂性wooden adj. 木制的 civilisation n. 文明block n. 大块 dump v. 倾卸，倾倒physical adj. 物
28、质的 flaming adj. 燃烧的ancient adj. 古代的，古老的 debris n. 碎片，残骸artefact n. 人工制品 foe n. 敌人第八段 practical adj. 实际的 concrete adj. 水泥的access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利 arch n. 拱顶civil engineer 土木工程师 hint n. 建议，指点adobe n. 泥砖，土坯 sensible adj. 切合实际的难句解析1. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, inv
29、estigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters seemed like a good idea.参考译文：因为他刚好需要给学生Emilio Graff布置一项暑假研究计划，调查用风筝做起重器的可能性是一个好主意。语言点：(1) investigate: v. to try to find out the truth about or the cause of somethingThe state police are investigating the incident.I heard a noise and went do
30、wnstairs to investigate.(2) seem: v. to appear to exist or be true, or to have a particular qualitya. seem likeTeri seemed like a nice girl.b. it seems (that).It seemed that Freeman had killed the man, and dumped the body in the lake.2. The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was gen
31、erated and the column was raised to the vertical in a mere 40 seconds.参考译文：风帆在风中展开那一刻产生一股巨大的风力，仅花了40秒石柱就被抬离地面。语言点：(1)句型分析逗号之前的部分为the instant引导的时间状语从句，在instant后面若加上when应该就不难理解了。(2) generatea. v. to produce or cause somethingThe program would generate a lot of new jobs.b. v. to produce heat, electrici
32、ty, or another form of energyWind turbines generate electricity for the local community.3. There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles.参考译文：世界上很多地方的人没有大型机械，却知道如何利用风能、航海和基本的机械原理。
33、语言点：(1) have access to sth.: to have sth. that you can useHer mother doesnt have access to the advanced one.(2) deal witha. to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problemDont worry, Ill deal with this problem.b. if a book, speech etc. deals with a particular subject, it is abou
34、t that subjectThese ideas are dealt with more fully in Chapter Four.试题解析Questions 1-7题目类型：True / False / Not Given题目解析：1. It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the pyramids.参考译文人们一般认为修建金字塔需要大量的人力。定位词large numbers of people, build the pyramids解题关键字believed文中对应点第一段
35、：The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on the sledges.此题通过定位词可以迅速定位至首段第二句话，题干为对文章定位句的概括性改写，分析如下：generally believedconventional picture, large numbers of peopletens of thousands of slaves因此答案很明显应该是TRUE。2. Clemmons found a strange hieroglyph on the wall of an Egyp
36、tian monument.参考译文Clemmons在一个埃及古迹的墙面上发现了一种奇怪的象形文字。定位词hieroglyph, Egyptian monument解题关键字found文中对应点第二段：While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph that showed a row of men standing in odd postures.此题定位词在文中原词出现，可以快速定位。文中定位句指出Clemmons是在一本关于埃及古迹的书中读到的象形文字信息，而题目却说她在一座埃及古迹的墙上发
37、现了象形文字，显然题目与文章相悖，因此此题答案为FALSE。3. Gharib had previously done experiments on bird flight.参考译文Gharib之前做过鸟类飞行的实验。定位词experiment, bird flight解题关键字previously done文中对应点题干的定位信息在文章中未出现，此题为最典型的“原文完全未提及型”，故答案为NOT GIVEN。4. Gharib and Graft tested their theory before applying it.参考译文Gharib and Graff在应用他们的理论之前对其进行
38、了验证。定位词theory解题关键字tested文中对应点第四段：Earlier this year, the team put Clemmonss unlikely theory to the test, .译文：今年早些时候，他们把Clemmons空头理论付诸实验。显然题目与文章完全相符，因此此题答案为TRUE。5. The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind.参考译文现实中实验的成功是因为风的高速。定位词high speed of the wind解题关键字due to文中对应点第五
39、段：The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 to 20 kilometres an hour, little more than half what they thought would be needed.此题按照顺序原则，在第五段首句定位出与风速相关的信息，但文中对于风速的描述为gentle和little more than half(与一半差不多)，显然题目与原文不符，因此答案为FALSE。6. They found that, as the kite flew higher, the wind force got stronger.参考译文他们发现当风帆
40、飞得更高的时候，风力也变得更强。定位词kite, wind force解题关键字flew higher, got stronger文中对应点第五段：What they had failed to reckon with was what happened when the kite was opened. “There was a huge initial forcefive times larger than the steady state force，”Gharib says.译文：他们没有想到的是当风帆打开时会发生什么。“巨大的初始风力比恒稳状态风力还大五倍。”Gharib说道。此题定
41、位比较容易。在定位句中只提到了kite打开的时候wind force很大，对于题目中的两个比较级完全没提及，此题为典型的“题目内容文章部分提及型”，故答案为NOT GIVEN。7. The team decided that it was possible to use kites to raise very heavy stones.参考译文他们的团队断定使用风帆提升很沉的石头是可能实现的。定位词kite, very heavy stones解题关键字possible to use文中对应点第五段：This jerk meant that kites could lift huge weig
42、hts, Gharib realised.此题按照顺序原则在上一题定位句之后就能找到定位词。题目与原文含义一致，均为“风帆可以提升极大的重量”，故答案为TRUE。Questions 8-13题目类型：Summary解题方法：1. 该Summary有小标题，可以通过扫描各段首句的方法定位出其解题段落为第七段。2. 对于没有词库的Summary，需在回文定位之前预测空格所填词的词性，在定位时便于有目的地查找。题目解析：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析8Egyptians第七段.like the Egyptians. And they are known to have used wooden pull
43、eys, .在定位段中查找定位词可以迅速定位于该段第二句。题中空格前为动词had，所以应于文中定位处扫描该动词或其同义词或其上下义词。此处扫描结果为to have used，则其后单词即为答案：(wooden)pulleys。9large pieces第七段., which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone.此题在文中定位紧接着上一题。通过扫描定位词得出large pieces of对应文中massive blocks of，于是其后单词即为答案：stone。10en
44、ergy from the wind第七段Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians.此题为同一定位段内的乱序题，由于确定解题段为第七段，在两次定位后仍能将此空定位于段落次句。此空格前为介词as，则在定位处扫描该介词或其他介词。此处扫描结果为for，则其后单词即为答案：(accomplished)sailors。11pyramid, resembled第七段A wooden artefact found on the step pyramid at S
45、aqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider.此题通过顺序原则可以很快定位，定位处looks uncannily like对应题中resembled，且空格需填写一个单数名词，则答案为(modern)glider。12suggest, have experimented with第七段., its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time.此题解题技巧同第10题，由于空格前为介词with，故在
46、定位句中扫描后定位于介词of，且have been developing ideas of对应于题中have experimented with，所以答案为of之后单词：flight。13China 第七段., the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their foes.此题技巧同第8题，空格前为动词sending，则在定位句中扫描得到动词deliver与之对应，其后单词即为答案：messages。TIPS：在Summary的解题过程中，若空格前为动词或介词，则需在文中定位处查找该词
47、或其同义词，且该词后的单词一般就是答案。参考译文线牵金字塔 没有人知道金字塔到底是怎么建成的。Marcus Chown料想答案可能是“悬空而造”。埃及的金字塔是在3000多年前建造的，但是没有人知道它们是以何种方式建造的。传统的描述是由成千上万的奴隶拖动载有石头的雪橇来建造的。但是没有证据证明这一观点。加利福尼亚的软件顾问Maureen Clemmons日前提出在金字塔的建造过程中可能使用了风筝。在翻阅一本有关埃及古迹的书时，她发现一个象形文字描述的是一群人以奇怪的姿势站立。他们手里拉着类似绳索的东西，通过某种机械连着空中的一只巨鸟。她想知道那只巨鸟是否可能就是一只巨大的风筝，而那些人正用它来举起重物。好奇心驱使下的Clemmons联系了加州理工学院的航空学教授Morteza Gharib。后者对她的想法很感兴趣。他