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1、新概念英语第二册Lesson421st CenturyVisiting the worlds famous landmarks LeaningTowerofPisaTheEmpireStateBuildingSydneyOperaHouseBigBenSydney,AustraliaLondon,UKNewYork,theUSItalyAustraliakangaroopouchkoalaSydneyOperaHouseQ1:Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Thinking:Q2:Whathappenedtotheman?Canyouguess?1.How long has
2、 Tim been in Australia?Listenandanswerthequestion.Tim has been in Australia for six months.2.What does he do in Australia?He is working for a big firm as an engineer.3.Why is Tim finding the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad before.This is his first trip abroad.FreeTalk:nDo you have a
3、family abroad?kangarooSydneyOperaHousekoalanexciting 令人兴奋的令人兴奋的 ndifferent 不同的不同的nreceive 接受,收到接受,收到 ncentre 中心中心nfirm 公司公司 nabroad 在国外在国外n receive a letter from take a plane tonwork for go abroad na great number of hear from nin the centre of work at nfly to amount ofnbe abroad in the middle of exc
4、itingadj.令人兴奋的主语是物excited 感到兴奋的,主语是人-ed自己感到 interested,bored,-ing令人感到interesting,boring,e.g.I am interested in this book.This is an interesting book.words&phrasesreceive v.接受,收到(客观的收到)接受,收到(客观的收到)1.接受,收到,接受接受,收到,接受她收到了一份礼物。她收到了一份礼物。She received a present.receive a letter from sb.=hear from sb.收到收到的来
5、信的来信I received a letter from my brother.Have you received any letters today?receive an invitation a letter from sb receive an invitation a letter from sb 接到某人的邀请函接到某人的邀请函接到某人的邀请函接到某人的邀请函 信信信信 2.接待,接见接待,接见You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待这么多客人,你就需要一个大房间。如果你要接待这么多
6、客人,你就需要一个大房间。We usually receive guests on Saturday.我们通常星期六招待宾客。我们通常星期六招待宾客。区别用法:区别用法:receive,accept区别用法:receive,accept这三个词都有“接受”的意思。receive(客观情况)只表示被动地接受Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year!后来他笑了,并且告诉我说,我将一年收到一百英镑的额外收入!区别用法:区别用法:receive,acceptaccept(主观情况)总表示主动而且高兴地接受I accep
7、ted the invitation.我接受邀请。我接受邀请。She received his present,but she didnt accept it.她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受nfirm1.n.公司,商号他在一家工程公司工作。He works for an engineer firm.2.adj.结实的,稳固的这部小汽车非常坚固。The car is very firm.补充学习】有关补充学习】有关补充学习】有关补充学习】有关“公司公司公司公司”的表达:的表达:的表达:的表达:firmfirm中小型公司;中小型公司;中小型公司;中小型公司;compa
8、nycompany正规公司;正规公司;正规公司;正规公司;businessbusiness商行;商行;商行;商行;ndifferent adj.不同的 deference n.不同,差别,差异 be different from.与与不同不同 我的观点与你的不同。我的观点与你的不同。My opinion is different from yours.different adj.不同的不同的 same相同的相同的(1)不同的,相异的(经常与)不同的,相异的(经常与from连用):连用):be different from.与与不同不同Desks are different from table
9、s.My plan/idea is different from yours.We are planning something different this year.(2)各种各样的,不同的:)各种各样的,不同的:He has visited many different places in China.他去过中国的不少地方。他去过中国的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。n.differencencenter n.中心
10、,中央 v.集中,使聚集在一点尽管伦敦市英国的首都,但是它并不在这个国家的中心。Although London is Britains capital,it is not at the center of the country.他的兴趣都以学习为中心。His interests are centered round his family.centre n.中心,中央 (美式center)the center of town 市中心市中心town centre=downtown 市中心,市区市中心,市区经典用法:经典用法:in the center of:在中间在中间,在中央在中央 in th
11、e middle of in the centre(of sp),adj.central中央的,中心的中央的,中心的nabroad adv.往国外,到处,海外,广泛 go abroad 去国外 live abroad 到国外定居 study abroad 到国外学习他在国外生活了许多年。He lived abroad for many years.你出国度假吗?Are you going abroad for your holidays?a(great)number of:“许多”,修饰可数名词的复数 比较:a number of/the number of A number of the w
12、orkers are unskilled.许多工人技术不熟练。许多工人技术不熟练。The number of skilled workers is small.熟练工人数较少。熟练工人数较少。课文Listening:True or false1.I have just received a letter from my sister,Tim.False.I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.2.He has been there for three months.False.He has been there for six mon
13、ths.3.Tim is a mechanic.He is working for a small firm.False.Tim is an engineer.He is working for a big firm.4.He has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.True.True or false 5.He has just bought an American car.False.He has just bought an Australian car.6.He has gone to Al
14、ice Springs,a small town in the south of Australia.False.He has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.7.He will soon visit Perth,and then fly to Darwin.False.He will soon visit Darwin,and then fly to Perth.8.My brother has never been abroad there,so he is finding this trip ve
15、ry exciting.True.nWhom have you just received a letter from?I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.receive sth.from sb.收到从某人那里送出的某物收到某人来信get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.This morning I received a letter from my mother.此句中Tim 为 my brother的同位语,对my brother 进行解释说明。nWher
16、e is he?He is in Australia.介词in在此实际上表达一种状态:在澳洲。类似介词用法:at home 在家;on the Internet 在上网;on the phone 打电话nHow long has he been there?He has been there for six months.for six months 是表示时间段的状语。特别提醒初学者:“for+时间状语”不能和瞬间性动词连用。He arrived there for six months.(错误)He has been there for six months.(正确)原因:瞬间动词的动作不
17、可以延续,而be there 表示状态,可以延续。So far,I have lived in Beijing for eight years.到现在,我已经在北京住了8年了。nwhat is Tim?Tim is an engineer.engineer:engine(发动机)+er(表人)=engineerfire engine 消防车engineer vt.设计The villa is very well engineered.这套别墅设计得很好。nwhat is Tim working for?He is working for a big firm and he has alread
18、y visited a great number of different places in Australia.work for:在上班、任职,还可以用work at/in3.hehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.a number of+可数名词的复数,number前一般可用large,great,small等形容词强调数量大小。a great many of+可数名词A great number of students are fond of music.A great number of boys lik
19、e playing basketball.nwhat has Tim just bought?nWhere has he gone?He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Spring,a small town in the center of Australia.have been to+sp.去过去过 have gone to+sp.去了还未回来去了还未回来 He has gone to the cinema.他去了电影院 He has been to the cinema.他曾经去过电影院。a small to
20、wn in the center of Australia a small town in the center of Australia 此部分此部分此部分此部分为介词短语作后置定语的结构,为介词短语作后置定语的结构,为介词短语作后置定语的结构,为介词短语作后置定语的结构,in the center of in the center of Australia Australia 为介词为介词为介词为介词 in in 引导的短语,修饰引导的短语,修饰引导的短语,修饰引导的短语,修饰 a small a small town,town,说明其地理位置。说明其地理位置。说明其地理位置。说明其地理位
21、置。如如如如:the girl under the tree the girl under the tree 树下的那个女孩;树下的那个女孩;树下的那个女孩;树下的那个女孩;a pen on the desk a pen on the desk 桌子上的一支笔;桌子上的一支笔;桌子上的一支笔;桌子上的一支笔;a man in the boat a man in the boat 船里的一个人;船里的一个人;船里的一个人;船里的一个人;the light on the wall the light on the wall 墙上的灯。墙上的灯。墙上的灯。墙上的灯。nwhere will Tim s
22、oon visit?He will soon visit DarwinSoon:adv.shortly;in a short timenShell soon/shortly be here.nSoon got,Soon gone.来得容易去得快。1)visit somewhere 参观某地:visit Shanghai 参观上海;visit Zhouzhuang 参观周庄 2)visit sb.拜访某人:visit my uncle 看望我的伯父;visit closest classmate 拜访最亲密的同学。From there,he will fly to Perth.fly to=go
23、 by plane 乘飞机到某地:tomorrow the little girl will fly to New York.明天这个小姑娘将乘飞机去纽约。drive to somewhere 开车去某地:I shall drive to my hometown.我将开车回老家。walk to somewhere 走到某地:Bill often walks to his office.比尔经常走着去他的办公室。nHas Tim ever been abroad before?nIs he finding this trip very exciting?My brother has never
24、been abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.before before 单独放在句尾表示从前,常与完成时连用。单独放在句尾表示从前,常与完成时连用。单独放在句尾表示从前,常与完成时连用。单独放在句尾表示从前,常与完成时连用。I have never seen The Rock,this wonderful movie,I have never seen The Rock,this wonderful movie,before.before.我以前从没有看过这部精彩绝伦的大片我以前从没有看过这部精彩绝伦的大片我以前从没有
25、看过这部精彩绝伦的大片我以前从没有看过这部精彩绝伦的大片石破天惊。石破天惊。石破天惊。石破天惊。very exciting very exciting 补充说明补充说明补充说明补充说明 this trip,this trip,作作作作宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语。V+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 make the text easyFind+n.+adj.find the trip exciting find the room clean Do you find the film disappointing?(失望)(失望)I have just _ a letter_my brother,
26、Tim.He is in Australia.He has _ there for six months.Tim is an engineer.He is working _a big firm and he has already _a great number of different places in Australia.He has just _an Australian car and has _to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,
27、he will fly to Perth.My brother has never _ abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.receivedfrombeenforvisitedboughtgonebeenLesson 4 An exciting trip I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.He is in Australia.He has been there for six months.Tim is an engineer.He is working
28、for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,he will fly to Perth.My brother has never been abroad before,so he
29、 is finding this trip very exciting.同位语同位语(Appositives)一个一个名词名词(或短语等)与(或短语等)与另一个名词另一个名词(或短语)(或短语)并列并列而作为其而作为其说明或限定成分时说明或限定成分时称为同位语。称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间 用逗号隔开用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语:I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.(Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字)He ha
30、s just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.(在这句话中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位语,补充说明这是个多大的镇子,在什么地方)同位语如果同位语如果太长太长,可以,可以另译为一句另译为一句。如课文中。如课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为:第二个例句的后半部分可以译为:“现在去了现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中部的一个小艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中
31、部的一个小镇。镇。”如:如:This is John,one of my best friends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,my neighbour,has never been abroad.我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。Summary writingAnswerthesequestionsinnotmorethan50words.1.What has the writer just received from his brother?2.Is Tim an engineer,or is h
32、e a doctor?3.How long has he been in Australia?4.Has he already visited many places or not?5.Where is he now?6.Has Tim ever been abroad before or not?7.Is he enjoying his trip very much or not?Summary writing nThe writer has just received a letter from his brother,Tim.Tim is an engineer.He has been
33、in Australia for six months.He has just already visited many places.Now he is in Alice springs.Tim has never been abroad before.He is enjoying his trip very much.The present perfect tense现在完成时n我住在北京。n我曾经住在北京。n我一直住在北京。I live in Beijing.I lived in Beijing.I have lived in Beijing.现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式ha
34、vehas(单数第三人称单数第三人称)助动词助动词过去过去分词分词Grammarcome-came-comego-went-goneget-got-gotthink-thought-thought+现在现在完成完成时态时态Winter has already come.Grammar:the present perfect tense.Have/has+过去分词过去分词用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去动作或状态发生在过去,但它的但它的影响现在还存在影响现在还存在。Theyhavel
35、eft.-他们已经离开了他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.-我已经吃过午饭了我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也就是说我现在不饿现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢3现在完成时现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是动词一般是延续性的延续性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study,
36、know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)Grammar
37、nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作的动作/状态状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Grammar 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1)一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作的事情,强调动作;现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的
38、影响,强调的是影响影响,强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.强调看的动作发生过了。强调看的动作发生过了。Ihaveseenthisfilm.强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。2一般过去时一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时
39、的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时错错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对对Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.Grammar延续动词表
40、示经验、经历;延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。时间的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词比较延续动词与瞬间动词Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。他已完成了那项工作。(表结果表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历表经历)Grammarsince用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间“自从自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyear
41、s.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较比较since和和for并非有并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。现在我仍在这里工作。)GrammarHehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经)
42、去上海了。去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。比较比较have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetoGrammar1.Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.
43、5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforay
44、ear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化Exercisesum up1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用,如yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。e.g.We have just won the match.I have never been to Australia before.一、现在完成时sum up1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态,常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用,如so far,up till now,since,for a l
45、ong time,in the past few years,those days等。e.g.So far,he has broken two world records.I have worked here for four years.一、现在完成时sum up3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,常见的动词有die,arrive,leave,go,refuse,finish,marry,buy等。e.g.His grandfather has died for three years.His grandfather has been dead for three ye
46、ars.I have bought the car for half a year.I have got the car for half a year.一、现在完成时sum up一、现在完成时肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其它否定句:主语+have/has not+过去分词+其它疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它He has been to Australia.He has not been to Australia.Has he been to Australia?-Willyougoshoppingwithmenow?-Sorry,Icant.I_myshirts
47、.AwashBhavewashedCwashedDamwashingHowlonghaveyou_themagazine?Aboutaweek.AfoundBborrowedCreceivedDhad_you_thefilmHarryPotter5?Notyet.IwillseeitthisSunday.ADid,seeBAre,seeingCHave,seenDDo,seeHowisAnn?I_herforalongtime.AdontseeBwontseeCdidntseeDhaventseenHasntBettycomeyet?No,andI_forherfornearly2hours.
48、AwaitBwaitedChavewaitedDhadwaitedIsMrBakerathome?Sorry,heisntin.He_toDalianforvacation.AhasgoneBwentCisgoingDgoesMr.Zhangisateacherofrichexperience.He_Englishfor20years.AhastaughtBwillteachCteachesDtaught-Howmanytimeshaveyou_toXian?-Threetimes.AbeenBwentCgoneDgoIwontforgetmyteacherbecauseshe_sokindt
49、omesinceIcametothisschool.AhasbeenBwillbeCwasDisHe_ourschoolfortwoweeks.AleftBhasleftChasbeenawayfrom-Myfather_Shanghaiwithmygrandparents.-Really?_willtheycomeback?Ahasbeento,HowsoonBhasgoneto,HowsoonChasbeento,HowlongDhasgoneto,HowlongShe_thatsamesongsomanytimes.Imgettingsickofit!AsingsBsangCwillsi
50、ngDhassung-Mike,you_themagazinesincelastweek.Canyoureturnitnow?-Sure.AborrowedBhaveborrowedChavekeptRetell the text according to the following words.n1.Just-letter-bother-Timn2.In Australia n3.There-six months n4.Tim-engineern5.Big firm-already-number-placesn6.Bought-Australian car-Alice Springs-sma