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1、公开课课件-阅读策略与技巧 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Do you enjoy this film?Do you enjoy this film?阅读思路阅读思路分析与解题方法分析与解题方法By Chen Zhimei Libao Middle School2010年江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求:w(1)理解语篇主旨大意w(2)理解文中的具体信息w(3)根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义w(4)根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理w(5)
2、理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系w(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度w(7)用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换主旨大主旨大意意观点意观点意图图 细细 节节 理理解解分析推理分析推理 猜测词义猜测词义 2004 32843200522104220063111412007119622008 11851200911671阅阅读读理理解解题题型型2.事实细节题事实细节题3.推理判断题推理判断题4.猜测词义题猜测词义题1.主旨大意题主旨大意题应试技巧与指导9 9一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：1.What
3、is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the authors main point?3.The main idea of the paragraph is_.4.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?5.What does the paragraph mainly suggest?6.The paragraph centers on the point that_.7.The topic sentence of passage is _?8.Which is t
4、he best title?1111Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurviv
5、e.）文首）文首）文首）文首开门见山开门见山开门见山开门见山,提出主题提出主题提出主题提出主题,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想达的主题思想达的主题思想达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式.ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(咬咬)bysnakes.“It)bysnakes.
6、“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(wasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口伤口)thatledmetothiscareer,)thatledmetothiscareer,hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,Shuenteredamedicalschoolhesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudiesandlaterbecame
7、adoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirhadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.lives.w wIwasgreatlyupsetby
8、thestoryofanoldfarmerImet.ItwasaveryIwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefelthotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyaapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadb
9、eenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmpoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomehetostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted,BringmetheknifeMinuteslaterthemanlosthisarmshouted,BringmetheknifeMinu
10、teslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.forever.w wThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftoThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakesShusaid.helpingpeoplebittenbysnakesShusaid.2).2).首尾呼应。首尾呼应。首尾呼应。首尾呼应。为突出主题为突出主题为突出主题为突出主题,作者先提出主题作者先提出主题作者先提出主题作者先提出主题,结尾时
11、再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常通常通常通常,前后表前后表前后表前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复述主题的句子不是简单的重复述主题的句子不是简单的重复述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进后面的表述往往有进后面的表述往往有进后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味一步的引申或发展的意味一步的引申或发展的意味一步的引申或发展的意味1313A human body appears to be rather soft and
12、delicate,A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an adv
13、antage;it makes man good at moving about is an advantage;it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size,because he movement of all living things of his own size,because he can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games can do so many different things with
14、his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong varied grac
15、e;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threat
16、en him.and death that threaten him.3 3).).文尾文尾文尾文尾在表述细节后在表述细节后在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象印象印象,结论建议或结果结论建议或结果结论建议或结果结论建议或结果,以概括主题以概括主题以概括主题以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 1414 NothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatireNothingisasusefulasaflashlight
17、inadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisgoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslightafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofatomanydarksituations.Findingsome
18、thinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenoutoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).4).文中文中文中文中 通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合
19、乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展支撑或发展支撑或发展.TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovided
20、himwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentw
21、henhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail16165).无主题句无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题没有明确的主题句句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。d e t
22、a i l sPassage idea二、细节理解题二、细节理解题事实细节类题目常见的设问方式：事实细节类题目常见的设问方式：oWhich of the following is true according to the text?oChoose the right order of the events given in the passage.oAll of the following statements may be true except _.oWhich of the following is not the result of_?oWhich of the following
23、is the main feature of _?oWhat can we learn from the passage?事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，只需要阅读符号，例子例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。时，要特别注意句子
24、前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项4.4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,never,the must,never,the most,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,most,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。等。事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧5.5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短
25、语等与原文是否一致。如：是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,neverall,never，few few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。往往被忽视。6.6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提
26、及有提及.Atthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagermayhaveseenthelightsmokerisingfromavillage.Itisalittlevillagewithgreatage,havingbeenfoundedbysomeoftheDutchcolonistsandthereweresomeofthehousesoftheoriginalsettlerslivingwithinafewyears,builtofsomeyellowbricksbroughtfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows(格子窗)
27、Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thereistoomuchthicksmokeinthevillage.B.ThevillageisverylargebutitlooksoldC.TheoriginalsettlersoncebuiltsomehouseofDutchstyleD.Thevillagewasonceveryrichinresources三、推理判断题三、推理判断题推理判断题常见句型：推理判断题常见句型：1.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat_.2.Followingthelastparagraph
28、,theauthorwillperhaps_.3.Thetextisintendedto_.4.Bythispassagetheauthormainlywanttosay_.5.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexamplethat_.6.Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom_.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthepassage?Itsnoteasybeingateenager（13至至19岁青少年）岁青少年）norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenager.Youcanmakeyourchildfeelangr
29、y,hurt,ormisunderstoodbywhatyousaywithoutrealizingityourself.Itisimportanttogiveyourchildthespaceheneedstogrowwhilegentlylettinghimknowthatyouyoullstillbethereforhimwhenheneedsyou.Expectalotfromyourchild,justnoteverythingelseopentodiscussion.Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetelly
30、ouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclarnup.Instead,lethimattempttosolve（解决）（解决）thingsbyhimself.Atthesametime,remindhimthatyourealwaysthereforhimshouldheseekadviceorhelp.Showrespectforyourteenagersprivacy（隐私）（隐私）.Neverreadhimhismailorlisteninonpersonalconversions.Teachyourteenager
31、thatthefamilyphoneisforthewholefamily.Ifyourchildtalksonthefamilystelephonefortoolong,tellhimhecantalkfor15minutes,butthenhemuststayoffthephoneforatleastanequalperiodoftime.Thisnotonlyfreesupthelinesothatotherfamilymemberscanmakeandreceivecalls,butteachesyourteenagermoderation（节制）（节制）.Orifyouareopen
32、totheidea,allowyourteenagerhisownphonethathepaysforwithhisownpocketmoneyoraparttimejob68.Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents_.A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenagerC.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowuptoo narrowWhyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismu
33、rder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，Imsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选恶透了），故应选A A。推断题的解题技巧推断题的解题
34、技巧w对作者意图和目的的推理。对作者意图和目的的推理。考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意，然后分析句子之间的关系，在全面理解原文的基础上，推测出作者的写作意图和目的。w针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理.作者写文章时，经常持有某种态度或倾向。作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述，有时通过全文的叙述，考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇用的词汇(多为形容词和副词多为形容词和副词)的分析，来推断出作者的态度的分析，来推断出作者的态度和
35、感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评和感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评还是客观陈述。还是客观陈述。w数字的推断数字的推断w细节的推断细节的推断 四、猜测词四、猜测词/句意题句意题词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.The author uses the word“”to mean _.2.The underlined phrase“”means _.3.According to the passage,the word“”means _.4.The word“”in paragraph refers to _.5.By“”,the author m
36、eans _.6.which of the following is closest in meaning to“”?7.What is“”?1)Definitionandexplanation利用定义和解释猜测词义利用定义和解释猜测词义Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever2)Experience根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义Mr.Brown is
37、now working at PrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreason he has to rent a room near theofficewhereheworks.Theunderlinedword“rent”refersto_.A.toworktoliveB.toeattoliveC.toteachtoliveD.topaytouse3)RelatedInformation即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。The official asked the man what hisoccupatio
38、nwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest4)GuessingfromComparisonandContrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countryD.house5)Guessing word from description and
39、exemplification通过描述和例证猜词通过描述和例证猜词Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:Readers,Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers6)GuessingwordfromSynonymandAntonym.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,
40、theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sick7)GuessingwordfromCauseandResult
41、通过原因与结果关系猜词通过原因与结果关系猜词 Since I have finished my paper now,I am going to give myself a treat tonight.I am going to watch a movie on campus,an action movie called“Face Off”.The underlined words“a treat”here means _.A.an action movie B.something pleasant to enjoy C.a rest D.something nice to eat8)Wordf
42、ormation即根据前缀、后缀、复合、即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义派生等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.前缀前缀over-的意思是的意思是“过分的、过量的过分的、过量的”故故overwork的意思应为的意思应为“工作过度工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“满意的满意的”，前缀，前缀dis-的意的意思是思是“不不”，故，故dissatisfied的意思应该是的意思应该是“不满意的不满意的”。9)根据标点符号推测词义。这类标
43、点符号根据标点符号推测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoicesdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrent
44、alfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakersAgoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydontunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans_.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholisten
45、tosomething10）熟词新意）熟词新意11）词组推测。尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜）词组推测。尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantmoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoshowtheglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreeintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:eq
46、ualtothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”means_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingupD.givingout“The Dave you saw on TV was the realDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(02年年E篇）篇）74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastpa
47、ragraph)means_.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy12）句子推测）句子推测Find the meaning of the Find the meaning of the underlined part as underlined part as quickly as possiblequickly as possible猜你没商量1.Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,toolsandweap
48、ons.A.地理学地理学B.生态学生态学C.心理学心理学D.考古学考古学2.Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas.A.昏昏欲睡的昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的亢奋的C.欣喜若狂的欣喜若狂的D.麻木的麻木的3.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的B.紧张的紧张的C.全神贯注的全神贯注的D.睡意浓的睡意浓的4.Justforfun,the
49、ydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight5.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的成功的B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的6.Jane is usually prompt for all herclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.AlateBontimeCplea
50、sed7.TomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnearA.abirdBananimalCthesun8.The fresh trout is very cheap,but IdontknowhowtocookitAfishBfruitCapple9.Theboywantstorideabrownpony.AdogBcatChorse10.ApersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenterA木匠木匠B动物学家动物学家C牧人牧人1.1.主旨大意题主旨大意题必须通盘