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1、专升本英语语法专升本英语语法-主谓一主谓一致致在在英语英语句子里句子里,谓语受主语支配谓语受主语支配,其动其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可大致可归纳为三个原则归纳为三个原则,即即语法一致、逻辑语法一致、逻辑意义一致意义一致和和就近一致就近一致原则原则。一、谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork e.g.1.Thepoetandwriter.(come）2.Ahammerandasawu
2、sefultools.考点：用考点：用andand连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体体,如如:bread and butter(:bread and butter(黄油抹面包黄油抹面包),knife and fork(),knife and fork(刀叉刀叉)等等 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。has comeare2.Every and(every)/eachand(each)no and(no),many aand(many a)连接两连接两 个单数名词作主语个单数名词作主语.e.g.1.Everyboyandeverygirl_
3、togoswimming.2.Noteacherandnostudent_absentfromthemeeting.3.Eachmanand(each)woman_askedtohelp.likeswasis考点考点：用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each,every each,every 或或nono修饰时修饰时,谓语动词谓语动词用单数。用单数。something,everything,anything,nothing something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,somebody,nobody,no one nobody,no one
4、等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。思考：思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。许多男生都喜欢打篮球。2.More than one student .不只一个学生迟到。不只一个学生迟到。3.More persons than one help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。不止一个人来帮助我们。likeswas latecome to考点考点：若主语中有：若主语中有more than one 或或many a/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。用单数。
5、但但more+复数名词复数名词+than one做主语做主语 时时,谓语动词仍用复数。谓语动词仍用复数。e.g.1.Servingthepeople_mygreatesthappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福为人民服务是我最大的幸福.2.Whenwellgooutforanouting_.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。ishas been decided3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。e.g.1.Air as well as water matter.空气和水都是物质。空气和水都是物质。2.No one except tw
6、o servants late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。没有一个人迟来用餐。iswas4.单数主语单数主语即使后面带有即使后面带有with,along with,together with,like(像像),but(除了除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是而不是),including,in addition to引导的短语引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数谓语动词仍用单数5.one/every one/each/either/the number of+复数复数名词
7、作主语名词作主语e.g.Each of us something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。我们每个人都有话要说。has考点考点：each of+复数代词复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复谓语动词用单数。复数代词数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。思考：思考：None of us perfect.人无完人。人无完人。None of this me.这事一点不使我着急。这事一点不使我着急。are(is)worries考点：考点：none 做主语时做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是
8、看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。而谓语动词要用单数。6.无生命集体名词无生命集体名词clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机（机器器)/baggage做主语做主语 e.g.1.Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area.2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing.3.All their baggage _ stolen.4.The furniture _ convenient to
9、 move.5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.6.Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear.isis iswasisis7.以以ics结尾的学科名称：结尾的学科名称：physics,mathematics,以以-s 结尾的疾病名称：结尾的疾病名称：arthritis(关节炎），关节炎），diabetes （糖尿病）糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎）支气管炎）单一政治实体：单一政治实体：the United States；The United Nations 等等作主语时作主语时,谓语
10、动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。e.g.Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.Physics_an important subject in middle schools.isis8.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。一个整体概念时。e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.is（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
11、（二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1.由由and/bothand连接的并列主语连接的并列主语 2.有有生生命命的的集集体体名名词词people,police,cattle,vermin(害害虫）虫）,poultry（家禽）（家禽）等作主语。等作主语。The police _looking for the missing child.3.由由山山脉脉(The Himalayas)、群群岛岛、瀑瀑布布(The Niagara Falls)、运动会等、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games _ held once every four years.5.a
12、 number of/a group of+名词作主语。名词作主语。areare6.由由两两个个部部分分组组成成的的名名词词，以以-s 结结尾尾，scissors，glasses,trousers 谓谓语语动动词词必必须须用用复复数数，但但这些名词前若出现这些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数。谓语一般用单数。e.g.One pair of scissors _ enough.7.这些以这些以-s结尾的名词：结尾的名词：goods,clothes,arms（武器）（武器）,fireworks,stairs（楼梯）（楼梯）,wages 做主语，谓语动词用复数。做主语，谓语动词用复数
13、。is1.集体名词集体名词class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。用复数。His family _ a great one.His family _ music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works _ near the station.（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
14、（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 3.“kind,sort,pair,type，amount，quantity+名词名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数单复数而定。而定。4.all,none,some,any 等等不不定定代代词词作作主主语语，根根据据其指代的内容而定。其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分分数数、百百分分数数+of +名名词词”作作主主语语:谓谓语语动动词词要要和和 of 之之后后
15、的的名名词词单单复复数数保保持持一致。一致。例：例：The rest of the bikes today.剩下的自行车今天特价出售。剩下的自行车今天特价出售。60%of the apple eaten by the little boy.这个苹果的这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。都被这个小男孩吃了。are on salewas考点一：主语中有考点一：主语中有all,half,most,the rest等等,以及以及 “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。数取决于连用的名词。Here the bus 公共汽车来了。公共汽车来
16、了。Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。给你一支钢笔和几张纸。comesis1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has beenD2.Mary is one of those people who pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。raise强化练习强化练习3.A poet and artist _ coming to sp
17、eak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：a poet and artista poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：答案：A4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D
18、.are going 解析：解析：主语仍为主语仍为the fatherthe father，单数形式；，单数形式；as well as his three as well as his three children children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：答案：C 5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：解析：表示分数
19、时，分子大于一，分母表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式序数词形式)加加s s；主语；主语 为为landland，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：答案：C6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：解析：every possible meansevery possible means每一种可行的方式；每一种可行的方式；mean
20、smeans单复数单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时，用现在完成时的被动语态。的被动语态。答案：答案：C 7.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：解析：a large number of a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；不修饰不可数名词；a large a larg
21、e quantity of quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：答案：B8.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：解析：有有the onlythe only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：答案：D 9.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eigh
22、ty percent of its population _ peasants.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：解析：populationpopulation表示表示“人口人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：答案：A10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow.A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are
23、to；to 解析：解析：句中主语是句中主语是GreyGrey，单数，故谓语也用单数；，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for leave for sp.sp.，动身去某地。，动身去某地。答案：答案：B 11.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：解析：either.or.either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder your elder brother brother为
24、单数，句中谓语也用单数。为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：答案：C12.30%of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：解析：句中主语分别为句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the the cattle/the rest of the cattle cattle，即，即“牛牛/余下的牛余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：答案：A 13.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：解析：the writer and actorthe writer and actor指一个人指一个人(既是作家也是演员既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。谓语动词应为单数。答案：答案：C Good-bye!结束结束