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1、英语语法英语语法4-省略省略为使句子简洁,避免重复Tom was wearing a raincoat and he didnt get wet.Tom was wearing a raincoat and didnt get wet.一 简单句中的省略1.提问A.如不造成混淆,助动词be,do,have或will 可省略,有时主语也可以省略。(Are)You ready?How(are)we going to do that?(Has)Your father got a car?Where(have)you been hiding?(Does)Anybody want more?B.主语和谓
2、语动词全部省略.(Have you got/Do you want)Any water?-Im leaving-Why(are you leaving)?2.回答问题-Do you know that?-Yes,I know.-How are you getting along with your study?-Pretty well.-Is he trying to have a finger in the pie?-Yes,he is.-Will you join us?-Id love to.3.接别人的话-The story was very touching.-Yes,and ver
3、y instructive too.-I hope Im not disturbing you.-Certainly not.4.表达自己的意见A.句首的冠词人称代词I/It可省略.(The)Cars giving us trouble again.(I)Havent seen you for ages!(It)Looks like rain.(It)Doesnt matter.B.带有have,be 或will的肯定句中的主语不能省.*Have seen you.*Am coming soon.但若意思清楚,可将这类助动词连同主语一齐省略.(Ill)see you soon.(Ive)For
4、gotten your name.C.只要意思清楚,作主语的第二人称代词也可省略.(You)Cant go in there.(You)Have to wait a bit,Im afraid.5.感叹What a magnificent bridge(it is)!(Its)Simply impossible!6.There be 句型(There)Must be somebody waiting for Jane.(There)Appears to be big crowd outside.(There)Wont be anything left for lunch.并列句中的省略在以an
5、d,but,or 或分号等连接的并列句中，后一句中与前一句的相同部分经常被省略.John wont go but I will(go).You could have come and(you could have)told me.She was poor but(she was)honest.Perhaps I cant write good music and(I)will never be able to(do so).In 1986,the coal output of this region went up by seven percent,the steel output(of th
6、is region)went up by five percent.有时也可以省略前一分句中与后一分句的相同部分.Mother peeled(the onions)and chopped the onions.Either Germany(will win the World Cup)or Holland will win the World Cup.Their ship sailed up(the river)and a raft floated down the river.3.复合句中的省略1.回答问题-Did you know anything about the accident?-
7、Not until you told me.-Can we cancel the party?-I am afraid not.2.在用as if,if,no matter what,once,though/although,unless,until when,where whether,while等引导的从句中,若谓语动词为be,而主语又与主句的主语相同时,从句的主语和谓语动词be通常省略.When(water is)pure,water is colorless liquid.While(she was)at Harvard,she was active in the dramatic s
8、ociety.Although(he was)exhausted by the climb,he continued his journey.3.在以than,as引导的比较副词从句中，一些与主句相同的部分常被省略。The boy did as much good as he could(do).Light travels faster than any flying machine(travel fast).We should think more of others than(we think)of ourselves.4.引入宾语从句的连词that的省略情况,参见第三单元5.引入形容词从
9、句的关系代词that/which的省略情况,参见第三册第七单元.在Direction,distance,time,way,the year等词后面形容词从句中的that,which,in which常被省略.The distance(which/that)light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.6.复合句的其他省略情况(Is there)Nothing more you want to say?(I am)Sorry Im late.(i)Hope theyll like the idea.(Its a)Pity they wont help.