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1、英语动词分类及其语态和时态讲解 及物动词 see,call,tell,protect等 实义动词 不及物动词 dance,die,listen,swim等 连系动词:be,seem,sound,turn,become等 be动词的分类 助动词 have,has,had do(does,did)will,shall,would,should 情态动词:may,can,must,might,could等按照动词的词义及语法功能,可将动词分为四类She has many friends.They dance every day.Tony lost his pet dog yesterday.Stud
2、ents nowadays like Tfboys a lot.实义动词是具有实际词义并能独立做谓语的动词。按实义动词的句法作用可将其分为及物动词和不及物动词。按实义动词的句法作用可将其分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。Would you please open the window?I like this film very much.2.不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如:Horses run fast.Marys father died three years ago.系动词本身有词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和表语
3、一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词按其词义可以分为四类:1.状态系动词:be,2.感官系动词 look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel 3.变化系动词 become,get,turn,grow 4.保持系动词 stay,remain,keep例句:The quilt feels comfortable.That sounds good.Zhou Xun is a successful actress.特点:助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词(实义动词和系动词)一起构成谓语。I am dancing.They dont need mor
4、e time.The group has helped thousands of people.Xiao Ming is beaten by his mother yesterday.常见的常见的助动词助动词bedohaveshallwillam,is,arewas,were do,does,didhave,has,hadshouldwould在助动词的协助下在助动词的协助下,主要动词能实现八大方面的语法功能主要动词能实现八大方面的语法功能 1.体现时态,例如 He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。2.体现语态,例如 He was sent to
5、 England.他被派往英国。The flowers were given to the teachers.花被送给了老师。3.构成疑问句 Where have Lily gone?Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?4.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I dont like him.我不喜欢他。The train hasnt arrived.火车还没到达。5.构成强调句,加强语气,例如:Do go to the party tomorrow
6、evening.明天晚上一定要去参加晚会。He does know that.他的确知道那件事。Do come to my birthday party please.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我真想你了!6.用于倒装句,例如:Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明:引导
7、此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。7.代替前面出现过的动词I dont have a soccer ball but my brother does.I love you.So do I.8.用于对一般疑问句的问答1.-Have you been to Paris?-Yes,I have.2.-Did you go to the party?-No,I didnt.这类动词有can,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它们有自己的词义,不能单独作谓语,与其后的主要动词的原形共同作谓语,构成完整的意思,
8、表达说话人的语气、情态。I can dance.(我会跳舞。)He cant walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)That might be a wolf.(那有可能是一头狼。)说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词)He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词)She is looking at her watch.(be为助动词,与look at 一起构成正在进行时)She is
9、 a great mother.(be为连系动词)现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 一般 过去时:谓语用动词的过去式 将来时:谓语用will/shall/be going to+动词原形 进行时:谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词常见八种时态 现在 完成时:谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词 进行时:谓语用were/was+动词的现在分词 过去 完成时:谓语用had+动词的过去分词 将来时:谓语用would/should was/were going to +动词原形1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则在动词原形后加-s或-
10、es。(2)一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如:I often go to school by bike.表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:The earth goes around the sun.在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表将来。如:If it rains tomorrow,we wont go to the park.When I grow up,I will go to America.在某些以here,there开头的句子中
11、用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:There goes the bell.铃响了。Here comes the bus.公交车来了。2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的构成:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。(2)一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:I got up at six this morning.We visited the factory last week.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.和一般过去时连用的时间状语last night,yesterd
12、ay,last week,some years ago,in the past,the other day等。3.一般将来时(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will/shall+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow,next week等。We shall leave for Shanghai next week.Will you be back in two days?当主语是I或we时,问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:Where shall we meet tomorrow?(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,表
13、示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:What are you going to do next Sunday?Im going to listen to music.Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.(3)be doing表示将来常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin,arrive等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:We are leaving for London.She is going there tomorrow.(4)“be(about)to+动词原形”
14、表示即将发生的动作。如:I was(about)to leave when the phone rang.(5)用一般现在时表示将来的情况1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如:Were going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.2)当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:If it doesnt rain this afternoon,well have a football match.4.现在进行时(1)现在进行时的构成 am/is/are+doin
15、g(2)现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。What are you doing?I am reading English.表示现阶段持续的状态。They are studying hard this term.go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。I am going to Beijing this Sunday.5.现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的或已经已经完成的某一动作对现在造成 的影响或结果。如:Have you had your lunch yet?Yes,I have.Ive just had it.I have lost my pen.注意:
16、already,yet常和现在完成时连用,already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for,since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词,如:We have lived here since 2000.6.过去进行时(1)表示过去某事实或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday等连用。如:What were you doing at ni
17、ne last night?I was watching TV(2)过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如:Alice was always changing her mind.7.过去完成时 过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。概括地说即是表示“过去的过去。过去完成时的动词形式为:had+动词的过去分词。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较,使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。与过去完成式连用的时间状语有:by last week,by the end of
18、 last year,when,before,by the time等。如:She had left by the time I arrived.He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.8.过去将来时(1)表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中,有“would+动词原形”构成。如:He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.(2)“was/were going to+动词原形”常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:She said sh
19、e was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如:It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。(3)come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。(4)条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如:The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说,如果我不努力学习的话,就很难取得进步谢谢观赏谢谢观赏