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1、CHAPTER 17Measuring Cash Flows第第17章章测量现金流量测量现金流量第一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key TermsIntroduced or Emphasized in Chapter 17第二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Accrual basis(p.762)A method of summarizing operating results in terms of revenue earned and expenses incurred,rather than cash receipts or cash payments.Key Terms第三页，
2、编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。应计基础应计基础：一种用于汇总经营结果的方法。这种方法以收入的实现和费用的发生、而不是以现金的收入或支出为计量经营结果的依据。Key Terms第四页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。2.Cash basis(p.770)The practice of summarizing operating results in terms of cash receipts and cash payments,rather than revenue earned or expenses incurred.Key Terms第五页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms
3、现金基础现金基础：一种用于汇总经营结果的方法。这种方法以现金的收入或的支出、而不是收入的实现和费用的发生为计量经营结果的依据。第六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。3.Cash equivalents(p.765)Highly liquid short-term investments,such as Treasury bills,money market funds,and commercial paper.For purposes of preparing a statement of cash flows,money held in cash equivalents is still v
4、iewed as“cash.”Thus,transfers between a bank account and cash equivalents are not considered receipts or disbursements of cash.Key Terms第七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms现金等价物现金等价物：流动性强的短期投资，比如国库券、金融市场资金和商业汇票。为了编制现金流量表的需要，现金等价物被视为“现金“。因此，在银行帐户和现金等价物之间的调转就不被认为是现金的收入或支付。第八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。4.Cash flows(p.762
5、)A term describing both cash receipts(inflows)and cash payments(outflows).Key Terms第九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms现金流量现金流量：一个用于描述现金收（流入）和现金支付（流出）的词汇。第十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。5.Direct method(p.773)A method of reporting net cash flow from operating activities by listing specific types of cash inflows and outfl
6、ows.This is the method recommended by the FASB,but the indirect method is an acceptable alternative.Key Terms第十一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms直接法直接法：一种用于报告经营活动净现金流量的方法。这一方法是通过列示现金流入和流出的具体类型来列示经营现金流量的。FASB 推荐使用这种方法，但是间接法也是一种可接受的替代方法。第十二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。6.Financing activities(p.764)Transactions such as bo
7、rrowing,repaying borrowed amounts,raising equity capital,or making distribution to owners.The cash effects of these transactions are reported in the financing activities section of of a statement of cash flows.Noncash aspects of these transactions are disclosed in a supplementary schedule.Key Terms第
8、十三页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms筹资活动筹资活动：是指借款、偿还借款、获得权益资本或是向所有者分配等交易活动。这些交易的现金影响在现金流量表的筹资活动部分报告；非现金影响在一个补充资料中披露。第十四页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。7.Free cash flow(p.777)The portion of the annual net cash flow from operating activities that remains available for discretionary purposes,after the basic obligations of th
9、e business have been met.Can be computed in several different ways.Key Terms第十五页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms自由现金流量自由现金流量：在经营活动年净现金流量中，企业在满足其经营活动的基本要求后，仍可自由支配的的部分。这一指标可用多种不同的方法计算。第十六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。8.Indirect method(p.774)A format of reporting net cash flow from operating activities that reconciles thi
10、s figure with the amount of net income shown in the income statement.An alternative to the direct method.Key Terms第十七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms间接法间接法：一种报告经营现金净流量的方法。使用间接法是将利润表中的净利润调节为经营活动现金净流量。这是直接法的一个替代方法。第十八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。9.Investing activities(p.764)Transactions involving acquisitions or sales
11、of investments or plant assets.The cash aspects of these transactions are shown in the investing activities section of a statement of cash flows.Noncash aspects of these transactions are disclosed in a supplementary schedule to this financial statement.Key Terms第十九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms投资活动投资活动：
12、指涉及取得或销售投资或固定资产的交易。这类交易的现金影响在现金流量表中的投资活动中显示;它们的非现金影响在现金流量表的一个补充资料中披露。第二十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。10.Operating activities(p.764)Transactions entering into the determination of net income,with the exception of gains and losses relating to financing or investing activities.The category includes such transactio
13、ns as selling goods or services,earning investment income,and incurring costs and expenses.The cash effects of these transactions are reflected in the operating activities section of a statement of cash flows.Key Terms第二十一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Key Terms经营活动经营活动：用于确定除筹资或投资活动产生的收益或损失外的净利润的交易活动。在这类活动中包括销售商品
14、或提供劳务，获得投资收益和成本费用发生等交易活动。这些交易的现金影响在现金流量表中的经营活动部分反映。第二十二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Learning Objectives(1-3)1.Explain the purpose and usefulness of a statement of cash flows.2.Describe how cash transactions are classified within a statement of cash flows.3.Compute the major cash flows relating to operating acti
15、vities.第二十三页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Learning Objectives(4-6)4.Explain why net income differs from net cash flow from operating activities.5.Distinguish between the direct and indirect methods of reporting operating cash flow.6.Compute the cash flows relating to investing and financing activities.第二十四页，编辑于星期
16、二：九点 三十二分。Learning Objectives(7-9)7.Explain why and how Noncash investing and financing activities are disclosed in a statement of cash flows*8.Compute net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method.*9.Explain the role of a worksheet in preparing a statement of cash flows第二十五页，编辑于
17、星期二：九点 三十二分。LO1:Explain the purpose and usefulness of a statement of cash flows.第二十六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Purpose of the Statement of Cash FlowsThe purpose:n to provide information about the cash receipts and cash payments of a business entity during the accounting period.(the basic purpose)nto provide i
18、nformation about all the investing and financing activities of the company during the period.第二十七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Usefulness of this statement(1)Assisting investors,creditors,and others in assessing the following factors:The companys ability to generate positive cash flows in future periodsThe compa
19、nys ability to meet its obligations and to pay dividends.Reasons for differences between the amount of net income and the related net cash flow from operating activities.第二十八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Usefulness of this statement(2)Both the cash and noncash aspects of the companys investment and financing tra
20、nsactions for the period.Causes of the change in the amount of cash and cash equivalents between the beginning and the end of the accounting period.第二十九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Example of a statement of cash flowsSee P763Question:Compared with the statement of cash flows of China in use,try to point out the
21、 major difference between them.第三十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO2:Describe how cash transactions are classified within a statement of cash flows.第三十一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Classification of Cash Flows(1)Operating activities:Cash receipts:collections from customers for sales of goods and servicesInterest and dividend
22、s receivedOther receipts from operations.Cash payments:Payments to suppliers of merchandise and services,including payments to employeesPayments of interestPayments of income taxesOther expenditures relating to operations.第三十二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Classification of Cash Flows(2)Investing activitiesCash r
23、eceipts:Cash proceeds from selling investments or plant assets.Cash proceeds from collecting principal amounts on loansCash payments:Payments to acquire investments or plant assetsAmounts advanced to borrowers.第三十三页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Classification of Cash Flows(3)Financing activitiesCash receipts:Proc
24、eeds from both short-term and long-term borrowingCash received from owners.Cash payments:Repayments of amounts borrowed(excluding interest payments)Payments to owners,such as dividends.第三十四页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Notes for the ClassificationPayments of accrued liabilities is classified as operating activit
25、ies.The receipts and payments of interest are classified as operating activities.The receipts of dividends is classified as operating activities,the payments of dividends is classified as financing activities.Question:why are receipts and payments of interest“operating activities”.第三十五页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十
26、二分。Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments,such as money market funds,commercial paper,and Treasury bills.Transfers of money between a companys bank accounts and these cash equivalents are not viewed as cash receipts or cash payments.Marketable securities d
27、o not qualify as cash equivalents.第三十六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Critical importance of cash flow from O.A.nIn the long run,a business must generate a positive net cash flow from its operating activities if the business is to survive.Otherwise the business will not be able to raise cash from other sources ind
28、efinitely.nThe ability of a business to raise cash through financing activities is highly dependent upon its ability to generate cash from its operating activities.第三十七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Two approaches to prepare the statement of cash flowsnApproach 1:nDirectly from the special journals for cash recei
29、pts and cash payments.nHigher accuracy,lower efficiencynApproach 2:nBy examining the income statement and the changes during the period in all of balance sheet accounts except for cash.nHigher efficiency,lower accuracy第三十八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO3:Compute the major cash flows relating to operating activi
30、ties.第三十九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Preparing a statement of cash flowsoperating activities(1)Cash received from customers=net sales+decrease in accounts receivable(-increase in accounts receivable)Interest received=interest revenue+decrease in interest receivable(-increase in interest receivable)Dividends us
31、ually recorded on cash basis.第四十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Preparing a statement of cash flowsoperating activities(2)Cash payments for purchases=cost of goods sold+increase in inventory(-decrease)and+decrease in accounts payable(-increase)Cash payments for expenses=expenses depreciation and other noncash expe
32、nses and+increase in related prepayments(-decrease)and+decrease in related accrued liabilities(-increase)第四十一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO4:Explain why net income differs from net cash flow from operating activities.第四十二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Differences between net income and net cash flow from operating activitie
33、sNoncash expenses,such as depreciation expense.Timing differences between net income and net cash flow from operationsNonoperating gains and losses.第四十三页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。第四十四页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Direct method and indirect methodDirect method:shows the specific cash inflows and outflows comprising the ope
34、rating activities of the business.Indirect method:reconciles net income with the net cash flow from operating activities.Both methods result in the same net cash flow from operating activities.FASB prefers the direct method,however,the indirect method is allowed to be alternatiove.第四十五页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十
35、二分。The general format of reconciling the net income with net cash flow from operationsNet income:Add:Expenses that do not require cash outlays in the period;(apportionment of related costs or noncash expenses/accrued expenses or liabilities)Operating cash inflows not recorded as revenue in the perio
36、d;Nonoperating losses deducted in the determination of net incomeLess:Revenue that does not result in cash inflows in the period.(apportionment of unearned revenue/accrued revenue or assets)Operating cash outflows not recorded as expense in the period Nonoperating gains included in the determination
37、 of net incomeExample:see 778.第四十六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO6:Compute the cash flows relating to investing and financing activities.第四十七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Preparing a statement of cash flowsinvesting activitiesMuch information about investing activities can be obtained simply by looking at the changes in the
38、 related asset accounts during the year.Debit entries in related asset accounts represent purchases of assets,or cash outlays.credit entries in related asset accounts represent only the cost(or book value)of the assets sold.To determine the cash proceeds from these sales transactions,adjustments mus
39、t be made of the gains or losses recognized on the sales.第四十八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Preparing a statement of cash flowsfinancing activitiesCash flows from financing activities are determined by analyzing the debit and credit changes recoded during the period in the related liability and stockholders equit
40、y accounts.In general sense,the debit changes represent cash payments；the credit changes represent cash receipts.Financing activities seldom involve gains or losses,thus the debit or credit changes in the balance sheet accounts usually are equal to the amounts of the related cash flows.Note:the earl
41、y retirement of debt may result in a gain or loss.第四十九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO7:Explain why and how Noncash investing and financing activities are disclosed in a statement of cash flows第五十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。why and how Noncash investing and financing activities are disclosed in a statement of cash flowsOne
42、 purpose of the statement of cash flows is to provide information about all investing and financing activities.Therefore,if these activities have“noncash”elements,such as the issuance of capital stock in exchange for land,the noncash expects of the transactions are disclosed in a supplementary sched
43、ule that accompanies the statement of cash flows.Illustration:see 775第五十一页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Relationship between the statement of cash flows and the balance sheet.The statement of cash flows explains in some detail the changes in“Cash and cash equivalents”account from one balance sheet date to the nex
44、t.第五十二页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Supplementary schedule of this statement(1)Supplementary Schedule A illustrates the determination of net cash flow from operating activities by the indirect method.The purpose of this schedule is to explain the differences between the reported net income and the net cash flow
45、from operating activities.第五十三页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Supplementary schedule of this statement(2)Supplementary Schedule B discloses any“noncash”aspects of the companys investing and financing activities.This type of supplementary schedule is required whenever some aspects of the companys investing and fina
46、ncing activities do not coincide with cash flows occurring within the current period.第五十四页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Using the statement of cash flows(1)The users of a statement of cash flowsthe net cash flow from operating activities.It shows whether the amount is large enough to provide for necessary replace
47、ments of plant assets and maturing liabilities.And whether there is enough left for the current dividend to look secureor even be increased.第五十五页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Using the statement of cash flows(2)Even more important than the net cash flow from operating activities in any one year is the trend in th
48、is cash flow over a period of yearsand the consistency of that trend from year to year.The best results are a net cash flow from operating activities that increases each year by a substantialbut also predictablepercentage.第五十六页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Free cash flowFree cash flow is intended to represent the
49、 cash flow available to management for discretionary purposes,after the company has met all of its basic obligations relating to business operations.There is no widespread agreement on what are the basic obligations relating to business operations.第五十七页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。Annotated statement of cash flo
50、ws:MCI Corporation See 779第五十八页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO7:Compute net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method第五十九页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。The specific format of reconciling the net income with net cash flow from operationsSee 783第六十页，编辑于星期二：九点 三十二分。LO9:Explain the role of a worksheet in prepa