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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载第三章 名词性从句 重点学问回忆同学们, 我们现在来看看名词性从句；在我们讲解这个语法项目之前,我先请你想一想,这个“ 名词性从句” 是个名词呢？仍是个句子？对了,是个句子；是个具有了名词性质的句子；那么你再想想,名词都能做什么 句子成分呢？对了；名词能做：主语,表语,宾语,定语,补足语,同位 语；在谈名词性从句之前 ,我们先来复习一下名词所充当的句子成分（主语）1. Some _女人 working in the field. 2. No help _ found, though they tried to. （主语）3.
2、China and India _ developing countries. （主语）4. The project need more workers 5. The woman over there is a foreigner 参考答案：1. women are 2. was 3. are 4 句中划线的名词在句中做宾语 5 句中划线名词在句中做表语 名词性从句的概念 复习了名词之后,我们该来看看名词性从句了；名词性从句的概念是什么呢？名词性从句相当于名词,在主从复合句 中,可以做主句的主语,表语,宾语,同位语等；在大多数情形下,这些句子成分是由名词来充当的,所以,承担起这些作用的从句被称
3、为名词性从名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载句；也就是说,名词性从句包括：主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句 .我们在中学阶段所接触到的名词性从句主要是宾语从句；下面我们 简要复习一下宾语从句的有关内容；一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句是指在复合句中作及物动词的宾语的从句,也可以作某些形 容词或介词的宾语；二、宾语从句的用法t know.We can learn what we didn我们学习不知道的东西；Do you know whom they are waiting for. 你知道他们
4、在等谁吗 .I wonder whetherif daughters are valued as much as son. 我不知道是否女儿会像男孩一样受重视 . I will give the present to whoever finishes the work first. 我要把这个礼物送给最先完成工作的人；The Bachs hold what they call “ family day once a month. 巴赫一家每月举办一次他们所谓的“ 家庭日”；假如主句谓语动词是make, find, see, hear等,通常把把宾语从句至于宾补之后,用 it 做形式宾语 ,从而
5、构成：主语 +谓语 +形式宾语 it +宾语补足语 +真正的宾语 ,如:We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English. 我们发觉练习英语口语是必要的 .另外,某些做表语的形容词 句,如: sure, happy, glad, certain之后也带宾语从Its certain that our life will become better and better. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载我们的生活确定会变得越来越好 . I m
6、 sure that you will succeed in the end. 我敢保证你最终会胜利的 . 仍有, 假如主句谓语是think, suppose, imagine, believe 等,宾语从句中的否定意义通常在主句中表达,也就是 not 提前,语法上称为“ 否定转移” ；例如：I don t think you are right.我认为你不对； 学问过渡精讲除去中学所学的宾语从句之外,仍有其他三类名词性从句, 即主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；下面我们重点讲解一下这三种从句的用法；一名词性从句的关联词主要有三类：主从连词：that（无词义,不做成分）, if 是否,只能引导宾
7、语从句 whether（是否）；连接代词： who 谁,whom（谁）, whose（谁的）,what（什么）,which（哪一个、哪一些） ；连接副词： when 什么时候 ,where（什么地方）, why（为什么）, how（怎样）；二. 分类讲解 1. 主语从句（1）定义 主语从句是指在复合句中作主句的主语的从句；（2）用法 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载她是不是来仍是个问题；What
8、we need is more time. 我们所需要的是更多的时间；Who will go makes no difference. 谁去没什么不同；Which team will win the game is still unknown. 哪支队伍将赢得竞赛仍不知道；When they will start is being discussed now. 他们将什么时候开头正在被争论；Where she has gone has been found out. 她去了哪里已经被发觉；假如主语从句较长,为了防止“头重脚轻 ”,我们通常的做法是用it 做形式主语 ,而将结构较长的从句后置,如
9、:It is strange that you should like him. 你竟然喜爱他 ,这有点古怪 . It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth. 众所周知,月亮环绕地球转；It s a shame that you cant come to the party.真遗憾你不能来参与晚会；2. 表语从句（1）定义 表语从句是指在复合句中作主句的表语的从句,位于主句的系动词之 后；表语从句和主语指同一内容,它对主语进行说明、说明,使主语的内容详细化；（2）用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
10、第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载The question is who can solve the problem. 问题是谁能够解决这个麻烦 .He looks as if he is going to cry. 表示真实情形 ,不用虚拟语气 他看起来要哭了 . She looks as if she were going to die. 她看起来要死了 .其实不是这种情形 ,所以使用虚拟语气 What I want to say is that we should obey the rules. 我要说的是我们应当遵守规定 . T
11、he reason for her being late this morning is that she didn t catch the early bus. 他今日上午迟到的缘由是他没有赶上早班车 . The problem is how we can finish so much work within such a short time. 问题是我们如何能在如此短的时间内完成这么多工作 . The village is not what it used to be . 这个村庄已经不再是过去的样子了 .3. 同位语从句（1）定义 位于名词或代词后,进一步说明该名词的内容,常常后面接同
12、位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, idea, truth, suggestion, order, wish,belief, hope, thought, word 等；连接词用 that（不用 which）,及连接副词 how, when, where, why 等（2）用法His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 名师归纳总结 他的延误是由于汽车中途坏了这个事实.第 5 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载T
13、he news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢得了竞赛的消息是真的 .There is no doubt that you will be warmly welcomed at the evening party. 毫无疑问,你们在晚会上会受到热闹的欢迎 . I have no idea when I will be back from Beijing. 我不知道什么时候从北京回来；I have no idea what is actually going on in the classroom. 我不知道教室里实际上在干什么？同位语从
14、句不同于定语从句,定语从句是对前面的名词或代词进行修 饰、限制,说明是什么人、什么事；同位语从句就是对前面的词加以补充、说明；例如：The news that he told me is very disappointing. 他告知我的那个消息特别令人扫兴；（定语从句,说明消息是他告知我的,不是别人,由于引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语,所以 that 可以省略）The news that our women football team won the game is very encouraging. 我们女足赢了竞赛的消息实在令人激励；（同位语从句,说明、说明消息的详细内容,由于引导同位语从
15、句,that 虽然没意思也不作成分,但不行以省略） 本讲问题小结我们已经明白了名词性从句的概念,类型和基本用法；现在我们来进行一下总结；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载一、我们在挑选名词性从句的关联词时应留意以下几个步骤：1、第一要看从句的句子成分是否完整,假如缺主语,表语或宾语,要选用 what,假如所缺的是人时用 _ he said was true.who 或 whom,例如：这个复合句中,含有一个主语从句,其中,said 是及物动词,可是其后没有宾语,这就叫句子成分不完整,那么就应用 w
16、hat 来引导此句 .I don t know _ they are talking about.这个主从复合句中,含有一个宾语从句,从句中,talk about 没有宾语,所以句子成分不完整,因此用what 引导,如：They are trying to find out who stole the car. 他们正努力查找谁偷了汽车 .2、当从句不缺少句子成分的补充,但意思上并不完整时,要选用适当的疑问代词或疑问副词如：I wonder when he will come back. 我不知道他何时回来 .They are discussing how they can get to th
17、e top of the hill. 他们正在争论怎样才能到达山顶 .We really dont know why he was late again. 我的确不知道他问什么又晚了 .3、当从句既不缺成分也不缺意思时,用I m sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会胜利的；that 引导,如：That he will marry Mary was announced. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载他将娶玛丽已经公布了；二、除了上述的关联词以外, 我们仍会用到以下w
18、hatever, whoever, whenever, however, whomever, wherever 等,这些词既可以引导让步状语从句,也 可以引导名词性从句；如：Whatever you saw at the spot is very important. （主语从句）你在那个地点所看到的都是很重要的；Whatever you say, I ll not believe you. （状语从句）不管你说出什么,我都不会信任你的；Whenever he comes is suitable for me. （主语从句）他什么时间来对我来说都合适；Whenever you see him,
19、 tell him the news. （状语从句）无论你什么时候见到他,把这个消息告知他；那么我们来区分一下 what 与 whatever 所引导的名词性从句 , 如：I don t know what he did while he was in her garden, but I know her garden was destroyed. 我不知道他在花园里做了什么,但我知道花园被毁坏了；I know whatever he did is for you. 我知道他无论做了什么都是为了你；第一句中,说话人对“ 他” 所做的事持疑问态度,想知道他到底做了什么其次句话中,说话人对“ 他”
20、 所做的事持信任态度,即“ 不管他做了什么,我根本不用知道细节,确定是为你好”三、只能用 whether 不能用 if 的情形：1、除宾语从句以外的名词性从句,如主语从句、表语从句,同位语从句等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2、在介词之后（介词往往可以省略）It all depend on whether they will support us. 完全取决于他们是否支持我们；3、后面紧跟 or not 时 We didn t know whether or not she was read
21、y. 我们不知道她是否预备好了；4、用 if 会引起歧义时 Please let me know if you like it. 假如你喜爱请让我知道；5、在宾语从句或“be+形容词” 之后用两者皆可；I wonder whetherif the news is true. 我不知道消息是否真实；He was not sure whetherif it was right or wrong. 他不敢保证是不是正确；6、只能用 whether, if 不能用 that 的情形；I doubt whether he will come or not. 我怀疑他是否会来；t doubt that h
22、e will succeed. I don 我不怀疑他会胜利的四、that 的使用应引起我们足够的重视,引导名词性从句时, that 不做任何成分,没有任何意思；但除了在宾语从句中常常省略外,其余情 况下一般都不能省略,如：That the earth moves round the sun is well known to all of us. 月球环绕地球转动,这是我们大家都熟识的；名师归纳总结 We know thata parrot cant really speak.第 9 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载
23、我们知道鹦鹉并不能真正说话；One idea is that fish is the best brain food. 有一种看法认为鱼是最好的不脑食品；The news that China success excites us all. first manned space mission achieved a complete 中国首次载人航天飞行获得圆满胜利的消息让我们都很兴奋；留意：同学们已经清晰了that 在名词性从句中,不做成分,没有意思；除引导宾语从句时常常被省略外,一般不能被省略；可是,与之不同的是 that 在引导定语从句时是必需要做成分的,常常充当宾语、主语、状语、表语；
24、当其在从句中充当宾语时,在非正式英语中,经常可以省略；五、请同学们留意,名词性从句一般使用陈述语序,这是我们对此类从句考查的重点内容,例如：He wants to tell us what he thinks. 我想告知我们他所想的事情；That is what we differ. 这就是我们的不同；但是这里有两个例外,即what s wrong, whats the matter. 永久用疑问语序,例如：I don t know whats wrong with the washing machine.我不知道洗衣机哪坏了；What I want to know is whats the
25、matter我想知道的是你怎么了； 过渡阶越练习名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 巩固基础训练关于名词性从句的学问我们已经把握了,下面我们来试试使用；一、依据所给的汉语,把两句话合并成一个主从复合句1. I don t know. They have come.（我不知道他们已经来了这件事）2. I don t know. Have they come.（我不知道他们来了没有）3. The man asked. Who had a strange dream.（那个男人问谁做了个怪梦）4. T
26、he policeman wasnure. Where was the thief.（警察不知道小偷在哪里）5. He did something. It made us angry. （他所做的事令我们生气）答案与解析：1. I don t know that they have come.2. I don t know whether/if they have come. 3. The man asked who had a strange dream.4. The policeman wasnt sure where the thief was.5. What he did made u
27、s angry.二,依据所给汉语意思,补全以下句子1. He told his boss _他将离开他的工作岗位 2. _他所说的话 caused great horror. 3. My suggestion is_我们先问问他 4. I have heard of his suggestion_他们不带那个老人一起 去名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载5. They found out the fact_这座山上的树木已经被毁坏了答案：1. that he would leave his jo
28、b.2. What he said3. that we should ask them first4. that they should go without the old man5. that the trees on the hill had been destroyed 才能拓展训练1. _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter2. _is a fact that English is being accepted as an intern
29、ational language.A. There B. This C. That D. It3. _we cant get seems better than_ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what4. _we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where5. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants
30、.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever6. All the people rushed out to see_A. what was the matter C. how the matter was B. what the matter was D. what the matter is名师归纳总结 7. _I cant understand is_ she must go there第 12 页,共 14 页A. What, that B. What, why C. That, why D. That, how8. He doesnt
31、 know_ we will go or not.- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. what B. that 精品资料欢迎下载C. whether D. how9. The trouble is_ we are short of hands.A. what B. that C. how D. why10. The fact _she works hard is well-known.A. that B. what C. why D. which参考答案： 15 ADABB 610 ABCBA 1.、这个句子中含有主语从句,而主语从句中said 是
32、及物动词,它没有宾语,从句句子成分不完整,所以选 what2、这句话中真正的主语是“ that English is being . ”,所以句首应选 it 做形式主语3、这句话中 seems前是个主语从句, 其后是个表语从句, 都是成分不完整的名词性从句,所以前后两个空都选 what4、这句话中之前是个主语从句,这个从句并不缺成分, 但是从谓语部分来看,此事悬而未决,所以选 whether5、这个句子中含有一个 give 所带的直接宾语从句, 从句中及物动词 wants没有宾语,而且从 句意来看是不该对孩子要什么给什么,所以选whatever6、一般情形下,从句的语序都是陈述句的次序,但是“
33、 Whats the matter” 不论做简洁句仍是复合句中的从句,都是这个固定的次序7、这个句子的主动词是“ is ” 它的前面是主语从句,后面是表语从句；主语从句中没有宾语,属于句子成分不完整,所以用“ what”引导；由于主语从句表达了一个疑问,所以表语从句要符合其语意,用一个含有疑问意思的关系词,所以选“ why”8、从主句可知,“ 他 ” 对某事有疑问, 所以宾语从句的关系词要与之呼应,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品资料欢迎下载第 14 页,共 14 页选用一个带有疑问的关系词,所以选C9、这句话中含有一个表语从句,从句中不缺句子成分,也是个的确的存在的麻烦,所以选只起引导作用的that10、这个句子中含有fact 所代的同位语从句,所以选that- - - - - - -