2022年中考英语总复习【专题六】动词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 专题六动词考点一 动词的分类动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类:行为 和情态动词;实义 动词、连系动词、助动词1行为 实义 动词 实义动词意义完整, 能够独立作谓语; 依据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为及物动词和不及物动词;1及物动词 vt.要求跟宾语;I learn English every day.English是 learn 的宾语 我每天都学英语;2及物动词可以跟“ 双宾语”直接宾语和间接宾语 ,也可跟“ 复合宾语”宾语和宾语补足语 ;People give me their money. 人们给我钱;In England,peo

2、ple usually call me Jim for short. 在英国,人们通常简称我 Jim;I found a little boy cry in the corner yesterday. 昨天我发觉一个小男孩在角落里哭;3不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语;We arrived at London at noon. 我们中午到达伦敦;注:带省略 to 的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear 等;带双宾语的动词有: give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass,

3、 teach, tell, write, read,return 等;2系动词 系动词本身有词义, 但不能单独作谓语, 必需和表语一起构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质、特点或身份;She is very young.她很年轻;常见的系动词有: be,become变成 ,get成为;变得 ,look看上去 ,seem似 乎;似乎,turn变得 ,sound听起来 ,smell闻起来 ,taste尝起来 ,feel感觉 ,keep保持 ;这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态;3助动词 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语;助动词有be,have,shallshould,willw

4、ould 和 do;助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构;1助动词 be 有以下几种形式:助动词 be 的功能有两个:与现在分词构成各种进行时态;和过去分词构成各种 被动语态;We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球;The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的;2助动词 have有以下几种形式:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 助动词 have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态;3助动词 do 有以下几种形式:原形肯定否定缩略否定d

5、odo notdont现在式第三人称doesdoes notdoesnt单数过去式diddid notdidnt助动词 do 的功能有四个:构成疑问句、否定句,作代动词和加强语气;Do you live in Beijing ?你住在北京吗?4助动词 will 过去式是 would和 shall过去式是 should有以下几种形式:助动词 willwould 和 shallshould用于 构成一般将来时和过 去将来时态;willwould 可用于一切人称, shallshould用于第一人称,较正式,现今多代之以willwould ;I shall/will be eighteen next

6、 year.明年我就 18 岁了;4情态动词情态动词本身虽有意义,但不完整;它们表示说话人的才能、语气或情态等,如“ 可能” 、“ 应当” ;它们不能单独作谓语,必需与行为动词一起作谓语;情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化;主要有:can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,will/would ,shall/should 等;1can 的用法:表示才能,意为“ 能;会”;表示估计,意为“ 可能”;表示恳求答应,意为“ 可以”分别用 can和 cant;以 can 开头的一般疑问句,其确定和否定回答He can look after himself.他能照管自己;2may

7、 的用法:表示恳求、许可,意为“ 可以”;表示推测,意为“ 可能;或许” 等;为“ 可以” ,一般可互换使用;can与 may 均可用来征求看法或答应,意以 may 开头的一般疑问句, 其确定回答应用 mustnt,而不用 may not;3must 的用法:may 或 can,而其否定回答就多用表示“ 必需;应当”;表示估计,“ 肯定” ; must 表示估计时一般用于确定句;在疑问句和否定句中 一般应用 can,否定句中也用 may,但 may not 表示“ 可能不” ,而 cant 表示“ 不名师归纳总结 可能” ;否定句中, mustnt 表示禁止,意为“ 不答应”;第 2 页,共

8、11 页以 must 开头的疑问句, 确定回答应用 must,而否定回答就常用 neednt,neednt表示“ 不需要;不必”,相当于 dont have to;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - You must tell your reason.你必需说出你的理由;4need的用法: need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词;need作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中;而 need 作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带 to 的不定式;You neednt come to the meeting this a

9、fternoon if you have something important to do. 假如你有重要的事,下午的会就不必来了;Does she need to come. 她需要来吗?注:比较 can和 be able to 两者表示才能时用法相同,但can 只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式,其他时态要用 be able to来表示;另外, be able to经常有做成了某件事的意味;must和 cant must 用在确定句中表示较有把握的估计,意为“ 肯定”形式用 cant, couldnt表示;He must be working in his office.

10、 他肯定在办公室工作;估计的否定形式、疑问Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克肯定仍 没有找回他的车,由于早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的;考点二 短语动词英语中有很多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词; 短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分; 它们尽管由几个词构成, 但可以作为一个整体看待, 同行为 动词一样使用;常用的构成方式主要有以下五种:1动词副词 可用作及物或不及物动词, 如 ring up“ 打电话” 用作及物动词 ,look out“ 当心”用作不及物动词 ;假如用作及物短语

11、动词应留意宾语位置的不同:宾语假如是名词, 可以放在副词后面, 也可以放在动词与副词之间;宾语假如是 代词,就必需放在副词和动词之间;Please put on your coat.请穿上你的外套;Lets think it over.咱们再认真考虑一下;2动词介词 相当于一个及物动词;无论宾语是名词仍是代词,都应放在介词之后;Youll look after her at home.你要在家照管她;Im looking for my MP4. 我正在找我的 MP4;3动词副词介词 这类动词一律用作及物动词,如do away with“ 去掉” ,go back to“ 回到 某处去” ;此种

12、结构中,宾语要放在介词之后;The boy gets on well with his classmates. 这个男孩与同学们相处得很融洽;4动词名词介词 这类动词也只能用作及物动词,如种结构中,宾语放在介词之后;take care of“ 照管” ,make use of“ 利用” ;此Well take part in the meeting tomorrow. 明天我们都将参与会议;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 注:有些“ 动词副词” 结构和“ 动词介词” 结构相当于一个及物动词;go bypass经过

13、keep oncontinue 连续be ready call onvisit 拜望ring uptelephone打电话set outstart 开头care forlike 喜爱5be形容词介词 形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物动词,如for“ 为 做好预备”,be fond of“ 喜爱” ,be afraid of“ 可怕” ;考点训练1. 2022 安徽 I will meet Jane at the station. Please_ what time she will arrive. Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch 解析:考查动词词

14、义辨析; count“ 运算” ;choose“ 挑选” ;check“ 核对,查对” ;catch“ 抓住” ;由句意可知选 C;答案: C 2My uncle called and asked me if I had _the birthday gift from him. Ainvented Braised Creceived Dordered 解析:考查动词词义辨析; invent“ 创造” ;raise“ 举起” ;receive“ 收到” ;order“ 命令,预订” ;由句意知选 C;答案: C 32022 青岛 How much is the ticket to Central

15、 Park. A one-way ticket_ $40, and you can_ another $20 for a round-trip. Acosts; pay Bcost; spend Cpay; spend Dspends; pay 解析:考查动词词义辨析;cost“ 花费” ,物作主语; spend“ 花费” ,人作主语;pay for“ 付款” ,人作主语,由句意可知选A 项;s raining now; youd better get something 答案: A 4. The roof of the house needs repairing. Itto rain dro

16、ps. A. control B. cover C. carry D. catch 解析:考查动词词义辨析;Catch rain dropship “ 接住 /装雨水”,符合语境;应选D;答案: D 52022 泰安 One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to_ good eating habits. Agrow Bdevelop Cincrease Dfind 解析:考查动词词义辨析; grow“ 生长” ;develop“ 进展” ;increase“ 增长” ;find“ 发觉” ;develop a . habit“ 养成

17、 的习惯” ,由句意可知应当选 B;答案: B 62022 连云港 Would you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight, Kate. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Id love to, but Ive_ Lindas invitation to dinner. Asuffered Bearned Creceived Daccepted 解析:考查动词词义辨析; suffer“ 遭受” ;earn“ 获得” ;receive“ 收到” ;accept

18、“ 接受” ;依据 but 可知,已经接受了赴宴的邀请; accept an invitation“ 接受邀请” ,应选 D;答案: D 7To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers. Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry 解析:考查动词词义辨析;句意为“ 为了爱护环境,超市不给购物者供应免费的 塑料袋” ;take“ 带走” ;show“ 展现,展览” ;provide“ 供应,供应” ;carry“ 搬 运,携带” ;应选 C;答案: C 82022 青岛Do

19、you know why he didnt _a word when he _to. Because he was too nervous. Aspeak; speaks Bsay; was spoken Dspeak; is spoken Csay; spoke 解析:考查动词的用法; say“ 说,讲” ,着重指说话的内容; speak接语言, speak to sb.“ 对某人说话” , 其次空表示“ 别人和他说话”,因此 he 与 speak之间存在 被动关系,由“he didnt” 可知,时态为一般过去时,因此用一般过去时的被动 语态;应选 B;答案: B 92022 菏泽 You

20、are _to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored. Asuggested Bsupported Ctaught Dsupposed 解析:考查动词词义辨析; suggest“ 建议” ;support“ 支持” ;teach“ 教” ;be supposed to do 就表示“ 应当做某事”,符合句意;答案: D 10Look. There is a horse racing program on TV now. Hmm.It _exciting. Aseems

21、 Blooks like 解析:考查连系动词的用法;Cfeels Dseems like seem“ 似乎,似乎” ;look like “ 看起来像” ;feel“ 感觉” ;seem like“ 似乎像” ;look like 和 seem like后要接名词,故排除; it 指 代上文中的赛马节目, feel 不能与其搭配,也应排除;应选 A;答案: A 11Last Thursday when I got to the station, I _ I had left my ticket at home. Aunderstood Brealized Dseemed Cbelieved 解

22、析:考查动词词义辨析; understand“ 懂得” ;realize“ 意识到” ;believe“ 信任” ;seem“ 看起来” ;句意为“ 上周四当我到达车站时, 我意识到我把票忘在家里了”;应选 B;答案: B 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 122022 重庆 Oh, it_ so nice. What beautiful music it is. Asmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooks 解析:考查系动词的词义辨析;smell“ 闻起来” ;sound“ 听起来” ;taste

23、“ 尝起来” ;look“ 看起来” ;音乐是用来“ 听” 的;应选 B;答案: B 13Dear, you need to _ by next week, to go to university at home or to go abroad. You are going on eighteen. OK, Mum. I am considering it. Amake an appointment Bmake a suggestion Cmake a decision 解析:考查动词短语辨析;make an appointment“ 预约” ;make a suggestion“ 给出建议”

24、 ;make a decision“ 作出打算” ;依据答语“ 我正在考虑” 可知,此处表 示“ 在国内仍是去国外上高校,你需要在下周之前作出打算”;应选 C;答案: C 142022 泸州 Can you help me to_ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong. Alook after Blook for Dlook through Clook at 解析:考查动词短语辨析;look after“ 照管,照看” ;look for“ 查找” ;look at“ 看” ;look through“ 浏览” ;由句意可知选 A;答案: A 15Do you h

25、ave Jays CDs. Sorry, they are _. But well get some more next week because they _. Asold well; are on sale Bsold out; sell well Cselling well; sell well Dfor sale; sell well 解析:考查固定词组搭配; sell out“ 卖完” ,可以用被动语态; sell well“ 畅销” ,不能用被动语态;句意为“ 你有 Jay 的光盘吗?” “ 对不起,已经卖光了;但是我们在下周将再进一些来,由于很畅销; ” 应选 B;答案: B 1

26、62022 宁波 Can I_ your bike. With pleasure. But you mustnt_ it to others. Alend; borrow Bborrow; lend Clend; lend Dborrow; borrow 解析:考查动词辨析; lend“ 借出” ;borrow“ 借入” ;问句句意为“ 我能借你的自行车吗?” 可知是借对方的东西,因此用borrow;答语句意为“ 当然可以,但是你不能把它借给别人”;lend sth. to sb.“ 借给某人某物” ;应选 B;答案: B 17With the help of the Internet, in

27、formation can _every corner of the world quickly. Darrive Ago Bland Creach 解析:考查动词词义辨析; go 和 arrive 是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟名词,故 排除 A、D 两项; land“ 降落” ;reach“ 到达” ;由句意“ 在因特网的帮忙下,信名师归纳总结 息能很快地到达地球上的每个角落” 可知选C;第 6 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案: C 182022安徽 The people in Yaan have met lots of di

28、fficulties, but they havent_ hope. Apicked up Bgiven up Clooked for Dwaited for 解析:考查动词短语辨析; pick up“ 捡起,捡起” ;give up“ 舍弃” ;look for“ 寻找” ;wait for“ 等待” ;由句意可知选 B;答案: B 192022 滨州 So many problems. Im tired. You should try to_ them by yourself. You are not a child any longer. Aget into Bget off Cget

29、on Dget over 解析:考查动词短语辨析; get into“ 陷入” ;get off“ 下车” ;get on“ 上车” ;get over“ 克服” ;“ 克服困难” 应当用 get over,应选 D;答案: D 202022 嘉兴 Its time for CCTV news. Lets_ the TV and watch it. Aturn on Bget on Ctry on Dput on 解析:考查动词短语辨析;turn on“ 打开 电源等 ” ;get on“ 上车、船等 ” ;try on“ 试穿” ;put on“ 穿上” ;由句意可知选A;during th

30、is years 答案: A 212022 重庆Well_ an English play “ Snow White”Art Festival. Alook up Blook out Cput off Dput on 解析:考查动词短语的辨析; look up“ 查找” ;look out“ 当心” ;put off“ 推迟” ;put on“ 穿上;表演” ;依据句意“ 表演英语剧” 可以判定用 put on;应选 D;答案: D 222022 金华 The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that

31、 a new one will_ at the end of this month. Ago out Bcome out Clook out Drun out 解析:考查动词短语辨析; go out“ 出去” ;come out“ 出来;出版” ;look out“ 当心;留神” ;run out“ 用完;用完” ,由句意可知选 B 项;答案: B 23Dont _too late,or you will feel tired in class. Awake up Bget up 解析:考查动词短语辨析;Cstay up Dstand up wake up“ 叫醒,醒来” ;get up“ 起

32、床” ;stay up“ 熬夜” ;stand up“ 站起来” ;由后句“ 否就在课堂上你会感到很累”可知本句为 “ 不 要熬夜到太晚” ,应选 C 项;答案: C 24The food here smells good, but what does it _like. Dfeel Ataste Btouch Cseem 解析:考查连系动词的用法; taste“ 尝起来” ;touch“ 触摸, 接触” ,为行为动词;seem“ 似乎,似乎” ;feel“ 摸起来” ;由“ 这儿的食物闻起来不错” 知要问“ 但 尝起来怎么样呢?” 应选 A 项;答案: A 252022 德州 Althoug

33、h many great people ever failed, they never_ and 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - managed to succeed. Ckept on Dgave up Aset out Bstayed up 解析:考查动词短语辨析; set out“ 动身,动身” ;stay up“ 熬夜,不睡觉” ;keep on“ 保持,连续,坚持”答案: D ;give up“ 舍弃” ;由句意可知选 D;26We cant do listening practice today,fo

34、r Miss Zhaos tape- recorder doesnt _. Aact Bdo Cserve Dwork 解析:考查动词词义辨析; act“ 表演” ;do“ 做” ;serve“ 为 服务” ;work“ 工 作, 机器 运转,活动” ;句意为“ 今日我们不能进行听力训练了,由于赵老师 的录音机坏了” ;故 D 项符合题意;答案: D 272022 济南 Its hot today, isnt it. Yes, it is. Why not_ your jacket. Atake care Btake place Ctake after Dtake off 解析:考查动词短语辨

35、析; take care“ 留意” ;take place“ 发生” ;take after“ 与 父 母等 相像” ;take off“ 脱下;起飞” ;由句意可知选 D 项;答案: D 282022 雅安 My parents_ getting up early on weekdays. Aused to Bbe used to Cwas used to Dare used to 解析:考查句意懂得和动词短语辨析; used to do 意为“ 过去经常做某事” ;be used to doing 意为“ 习惯于做某事” ,依据句意“ 我的父母在工作日习惯早起” 可知用be used to

36、 doing结构,时态为一般现在时;应选 D;答案: D my parents作主语谓语动词用复数;292022 济南 Alice, could you help me_ the meat. I want to make some dumplings for dinner. OK. Ill do it right away. Aput up Bgive up Cuse up Dcut up 解析:考查动词短语辨析; put up“ 张贴;举起” ;give up“ 舍弃” ;use up“ 用完” ;cut up“ 切碎” ;由句意可知选 D 项;答案: D 302022 烟台 My bike

37、 is broken. Could you help me to_?Afix it up Bset it up Cmake it up Dput it up 解析:考查动词短语辨析; fix up“ 修理” ;set up“ 建立” ;make up“ 编造” ;put up“ 举起;张贴” ;由句意可知选 A 项;答案: A 31. 2022 杭州 This morning I_ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. 名师归纳总结

38、 Apicked up Blooked up 第 8 页,共 11 页Ccleaned up Dgave up - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析:考查动词短语的用法; pick up“ 捡起” ;look up“ 查询” ;clean up“ 打扫” ;give up“ 舍弃” ;由句意可知选 B;答案: B 322022 广东 Again and again the doctor_ the crying baby girl, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her. Alooked ove

39、r Blooked after Dlooked out Clooked for 解析:考查动词短语辨析; look over“ 检查,查看” ;look after“ 照管” ;look for“ 查找” ;look out“ 当心,当心” ;由句意可知选 A 项;答案: A 33. More and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it. Bcare about Acomplain about Clearn about Dhear about 解析:考查动词短语辨析; complain about“

40、 埋怨” ;care about“ 在意,关怀” ;learn about“ 获得,得知有关 的消息”;hear about“ 听说” ;由“ they are really tired of it” 可知,越来越多的同学埋怨作业太多;应选 答案: A A;342022 兰州 The firemen soon_ the big fire. Aput off Bput up 解析:考查动词短语的用法;Cput out Dput on put off“ 推迟” ;put up“ 建造,张贴” ;put out“ 扑灭” ;put on“ 穿上” ,由句意可知选 C;答案: C 35Is this

41、a photo of your daughter. She looks_ in the pink dress. Alovely Bquietly Cpolitely Dhappily 解析:考查连系动词的用法;连系动词 looks 后需用形容词作表语; B、C、D 三项均为副词,应选 A;答案: A 362022 菏泽 Why do you collect so many old bikes. Ill have them _and give away to the children who dont have bikes. Aused up Bgiven up Cfixed up Dset u

42、p 解析:考查动词短语辨析; use up“ 用完” ;give up“ 舍弃” ;fix up“ 修理” ;set up“ 建立” ;句意为“ 我将让人修理它们并送给那些没有自行车的孩子”;have sth. done 表示“ 让别人做某事”,应选 C;答案: C 372022 金华 On the top of the hill_ an ancient tower with a history of more than 1,000 years. Astood Bran Ccame Dlived 解析:考查动词的词义辨析; stand“ 站立,耸立” ;run“ 跑” ;come“ 来自” ;live“ 居住” ,A 项符合句意;答案: A 382022 上海 Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad. No, you_, son. Youre free to make your own decision. 名师归纳总结 Acant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 第 9 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析:考查情态动词的用法;must 引导的问句的否定答语要用

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