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1、 新译林版英语八年级上册阅读理解归纳概括题此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者的写作目的等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。这类题常见的命题方式有：1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. What does this passage mainly talk about?3. The main theme of this passage is _.4. The main point of the passage is _.5. Whi
2、ch of the following is the best title for the passage?6. The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _.7. The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is _.8. Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?【解题技巧】领会全文大意，灵活运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的主题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的主题通常
3、反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。如新闻报道第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。在阅读理解时，归纳概括的题型可分为主题型(找出文章的 main idea),标题型(即选择合适的title)和目的型（寻找作者写作的 purpose）。【例】54. The passage is mainly about _. （09 北京中考第 54 小题，阅读理解 B 篇）A. the rules of behavior in p
4、ublicB. the easy of communicationC. the acts of kindness among peopleD. the knowledge of social life本题问及文章的大意。通过跳读（skimming ）我们知道这篇文章有六段描述在公众场合如何表现，所以 A 是正确答案。细节理解题细节理解题常出现在应用文中,一般针对某个特定细节而提出问题，难度小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。细节类问题的命题方式有：1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information i
5、n the passage?2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3. What is the example of. as described in the passage?4. The author mentions all of the following except.5. The reason for. is.1 6. The author states that.7. According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc).【解题技巧】1.通读全文，领悟
6、大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面：数字、日期和时间等；同位语、破折号、括号和省略号等；表示附加说明的词，如：by the way,besides, whats more,in addition to, including, as well as等；倒装句及加强语气的词，如 aboveall, mainly,mostly, certainly, indeed等。2. 选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。【例】61. Who will be guests at the party? (09辽宁锦州卷)A.The children of Mr Wilso
7、n.B. The Marleys.C. Mr Wilson and his wife.D. Mr and Mrs Marley.The children of and Mrs Marley invite you,Mr and Mrs Wilson,to a party!Join us for food, fun and a crazy time to celebrate:the 50th birthday of Richard MarleyOn Friday, July 13th, From 2 pm to 9 pmat Golden Sun ParkRemember to bring you
8、r swimsuits and dancing shoes. Call or email us for directions to the partyor arrange for a ride.Tel: (605) 392-4814E-mail: smarley本题是考核学生根据上下文全面理解和进行正确判断的能力。做题时要重点看好 Who，guests 的问题，这是一封请柬，被邀请的才是客人，所以答案是。语句理解题要求正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。语句理解类问题的命题方式有：1. The under
9、lined word in the paragraph refers to / means _.2. What does “_” in paragraph. stand for /mean?3. “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?4. The expression/phrase “_” means _.5. The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.【解题技巧】透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。1 猜测词义要根据：上下文间意
10、义的联系；同义和反义关系；词的定义；对词的解释和举例以及构词法知识来进行。【例】 Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why peoplebehave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it.55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your _（. 09 北京中考 C 篇）A. illness and abilit
11、iesB. thoughts and behaviourC. mind and nervous systemD. physical activity and daily exercise通过仔细阅读分析这句话，找出医生和科学家们study the human mind（研究人的思想）和explain why people behave（解释人们的行为），可以找出 thoughts and behaviour，因此答案是B。点睛：Words, like people, are frequently known by the company they keep.A words context or
12、 surroundings can provide clues to meaning.推理判断题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查。纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。推理性问题与细节性问题相似，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，同学们出错也多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。推理判断题的命题方式有：1. We can
13、infer / conclude from the passage that _.2. It can be inferred / concluded (from the passage) that _.3. The passage / story / author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _.4. The author strongly suggests that _.5. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?【解题技巧】读懂原文
14、，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，做出准确的推断和引申。【例】You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to workthings out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you cant change a stressful situation.1 Sometimes you dont even want to.
15、A big change might be a good change, but it will still bestressful. （09 北京中考第 57 小题，阅读理解 C 篇）57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that _.A. its difficult to change a stressful situationB. its not stressful when a good change takes placeC. a big change will cause another stressful s
16、ituationD. a stressful situation cant be changed without any effort此题考查了学生在对文章语句理解基础之上的推断能力，通过抓住重点单词good, but, stillstressful, 我们可以推出答案是。实战演练 10 年杭州市中考真题六、阅读理解（共 15 小题，计 30 分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。AWhen I was seven years old my mom was diagnosed（诊断）with cancer. The doctor told usmy
17、 mom might be saved with surgery（手术）. But it could also kill her. She chose to have it.The day before the surgery I was off school, and my mom planned the best day of my life,everything I loved at seven and everything that would put a smile on my face. The day began withher waking me up saying, “Kat
18、e, I have a surprise for you. Come and see.” The surprise was a dollI had wanted for the longest time. Throughout the day, she told me everything that she thought Iwould need to know to grow up and be a good person; she told me to be the best I could be andthat I would always make her proud. We had
19、a picnic in the park, and it was so cold that wemoved to the car. The day was filled laughter. For the first time in a long time I could see she wasreally happy. I would never forget her smile, or the way her eyes shone as if we were the same age.It was the best day of my life, and I will never forg
20、et the conversations we shared.My mother managed to live through the surgery. Now when I look back, I realize that thebest day of my life could be her last and this could be the last day I would remember with her, thelast one we shared. I also understand how unselfish a mother is.46. Who made the de
21、cision to have the surgery in the story?A. The doctors.47. What did the writers mother do the day before the surgery?A. She stayed at home to have a good rest. B. She went to the doctors for advice.B. The patient.C. The writer.D. The patients family.C. She turned to her family for comfort.48. Why wa
22、s the writers mother happy that day?A. Because she left her child a special memory.D. She stayed all day with her child.B. Because she realized her child had grown up.C. Because she was proud of what her child had done.D. Because she expected the surgery to be successful.49. The underlined sentence
23、in the last paragraph suggests that _.A. her mother was ill againB. the surgery was unsuccessfulD. the surgery was very simpleC. her mother was getting better50. Which of the following words best describes the writers mother?1 A. Hardworking.B. Famous.C. Rich.D. Great.BIn fall 2006, the National Bas
24、ketball Association (NBA) started using basketballs mad withsynthetic, or man-mad, material instead of leather （皮革）. They made the change because theywanted every basketball they use to feel and bounce （弹起）the same. Not all leather balls areexactly alike in weight or how they bounce, but the synthet
25、ic balls are.However, some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently andwere actually harder to control than the leather ones.Physics helped answer questions about why the new balls felt different. For example, thescientists studied friction（摩擦力）, which in this case affect
26、s the ability of a player to hold onto aball. “The greater the friction, the better it will stick to his hand,” explains a scientist.Test on both wet and dry balls showed that while the synthetic ball was easier to hold ontowhen dry, it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet.
27、 Thats becausesweat（汗水）stays on the surface of the synthetic balls but gets taken into the leather balls.The scientists also tested bounce and found that the logo （商标）printed on the new ballsmade their surface uneven（不平）and caused them to bounce a little strangely compared with theleather balls.In J
28、anuary, the NBA went back to using the leather balls. They aren t perfect, but for now,thats just the way the ball bounces.51. Why were the synthetic balls expected to be used in NBA according to the text?A. Because they are easier to control.C. Because they look exactly alike.52. The ball is easier
29、 to hold on to _.A. when friction is greaterB. Because they waste less material.D. Because they feel and bounce alike.B. when friction is lessC. when it is heavierD. when it bounces strangely53. The synthetic ball bounces differently from the leather one mainly because _.A. it is wetB. it is dryC. t
30、heres a logo on itD. its weight remains the same54. It can be inferred（推断）from the text that _.A. a synthetic ball takes in water faster than a leather ballB. a leather ball is more difficult to make than a synthetic oneC. a synthetic ball is more expensive than a leather ballD. a leather ball may i
31、ncrease its weight during a game55. The underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the synthetic balls B. the leather balls C. the ball playersD. the scientists第二节：五位母亲 Betty, Sara, Gina, Mary和 Alice 打算为各自的孩子选择一所合适的学校。请仔细阅读第 56-60 题中的个人情况说明，从 A 到 F 的六个选项中，选出符合各人要求的最佳选项，其中一项为多余选项。56.
32、 Betty has a six-year-old daughter. She wants her to be a musician when she grows up, so she islooking for a famous music school for her.57. Saras son is 10 years old. He is interested in water sports. He said that he hoped to be a sailorin the future.1 58. Alice learned to dance when she was young.
33、 Now she is a successful dancer. She wants herlittle daughter to follow her steps.59. Mary is always worried about her daughter, who is poor at math and English at school, so sheis looking for a training center to help her daughter.60. Gina has a son who is a football fan. He knows about almost all
34、the well-known footballplayers. He wishes to be a football star.ABAqualilityManor HouseMaking water safe and fun. Swimminglessons are for all ages from birth. Smallgroups are in warm pools in Reigate onMonday & Friday afternoons.Call 07814 688 826A small and friendly school for girls 2-16offers a mo
35、dern and caring environment. Bringyour daughter and come and see why our girlsare so happy and do so well.Call 01372 45768CDLittle KickersMonkey MusicWhy do we get a kick out of everyclass? Its fun. The children have fun learningnew skills. So if you want your kid to be afootball star or just to be
36、happier, why notcome and have a ball with us?Call 01753 83109Since 1993 thousands of children acrossthe UK have grown up with Monkey Music.Our wonderful teaching program introducesmusic to young children in a way they cneasily understand and enjoy.Call 0193 82866EFDo you want your child to succeed a
37、tschool? We have very good Math andEnglish teachers. We are for children aged6-16.New balle（t 芭蕾）classes at the St. JohnsCenter, 19 Tilford Rd, Farnham GU9 8DJ.Tuesday afternoon, 10 week termsCall 01252 727347Call 01483 30323309 年杭州市中考真题六、阅读理解（共 15 小题，计 30 分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。AIts not eas
38、y to find a person with the qualities it takes to be a hero. I didn t really understandthe meaning of the word “hero” until my third year in the college.If you saw her, you wouldnt think she really looks the part, but she is stronger thanSuperman could ever be. Her name is Sandra Keierleber. I first
39、 met her at volleyball tryouts（选拔赛）, but didnt notice anything special at first. As the week passed, however, she showed she hadmore heart than anyone. She stood out because she never gave up, no matter what.1 Sandra isnt the tallest or the fastest - in fact, this was her first time playing volleyba
40、ll and itshowed - but that didnt stop her. She was always the first to arrive and the last to leave. By theend of tryouts she had found a place in everyone s heart. When the name list for new memberswas put up, we all waited nervously as she checked. When she stood at the door and smiledhappily, all
41、 we could do was cheer.After Sandra made the team, she worked even harder to improve her game. When she askedfor help, we gladly taught her. She also became our fan, attending almost every school game andeven joining us in the city games. We all like her, because she never thinks about doing things
42、theeasy way, or loses that smile. Because of her great efforts, she makes herself a true hero - and myhero, too.46. What did the writer think of Sandra Keierleber at the beginning?A. Strong.B. Honest.C. Pretty.D. Common.47. Sandra began to play volleyball when _.A. she was at collegeC. she became a
43、heroB. she was tall enoughD. she met the Superman48. Which of the following is true about Sandra?A. She was born a volleyball player. B. She isnt the tallest but the fastest.C. She does things in an easy way.D. She is popular with her teammates.49. The writer is most probably _.A. a news reporter B
44、a college student C. a story tellerD. a college teacher50. Why does the writer think of Sandra Keierleber as a true hero?A. She did very well at the tryouts.B. She worked hard and never gave up.C. She took part in the city matches. D. She asked for help from her teammates.BHow could we tell time if
45、there were no watches or clocks anywhere in the world?The sun was probably the worlds first “clock”, except in the far north,where the Eskimos（爱斯基摩人）live. There, its dark most of the winter, andlight most of the summer. But in most of the world, people have used the sunfor a clock. Even today, if yo
46、u dont have a clock, you still know that when thesun shines, its a day, and when its dark, its night. The sun can also tell you ifits morning, noon, or afternoon.People who live near the sea can tell time from the tide.sIn the daytime,for about six hours, the water rises higher and higher on the bea
47、ch. And then it goes down anddown for about six hours. The same thing happens again at night. There are two high tides and twolow tides every 24 hours.Seamen on a ship learn how to tell time by looking at the moon and the stars. The whole skyis their clock.In some places in the world the wind comes up at about the same time every day or c