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1、7-12006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit EvidenceChapter 77-22006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder
2、Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 1Contrast audit evidence withevidence used by otherprofessions.7-32006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderNature of EvidenceThe use of evidence is not unique
3、 to auditors.The use of evidence is not unique to auditors.Evidence is also used by scientists,lawyers,Evidence is also used by scientists,lawyers,and historians.and historians.7-42006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/
4、Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 2Identify the four audit evidencedecisions that are needed tocreate an audit program.7-52006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit Evidence Decision
5、s1.Which audit procedures to use1.Which audit procedures to use2.What sample size to select for a given procedure2.What sample size to select for a given procedure3.Which items to select from the population3.Which items to select from the population4.When to perform the procedures4.When to perform t
6、he procedures7-62006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit ProgramIt includes a list of the audit proceduresIt includes a list of the audit proceduresthe auditor considers necessary.the audito
7、r considers necessary.Most auditors use computers to facilitateMost auditors use computers to facilitatethe preparation of audit programs.the preparation of audit programs.Sample sizes Sample sizes Items to select Items to select Timing of the tests Timing of the tests7-72006 Prentice Hall Business
8、Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 3Specify the characteristics thatdetermine the persuasivenessof evidence.7-82006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 1
9、1/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderPersuasiveness of EvidenceCompetenceCompetenceSufficiencySufficiencyCombined effectCombined effectPersuasiveness and costPersuasiveness and cost7-92006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Audi
10、ting 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderCompetence Relevance Relevance Independence of provider Independence of provider Effectiveness of internal controls Effectiveness of internal controls Auditors direct knowledge Auditors direct knowledge Qualifications of providers Qualifications of pr
11、oviders Degree of objectivity Degree of objectivity Timeliness Timeliness7-102006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 4Identify and apply the seven typesof evidence used in audi
12、ting.7-112006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderTypes of Audit Evidence1.1.Physical examinationPhysical examination2.2.ConfirmationConfirmation3.3.DocumentationDocumentation4.4.Analytical proced
13、uresAnalytical procedures5.5.Inquiries of the clientInquiries of the client6.6.ReperformanceReperformance7.7.ObservationObservation7-122006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderRelationshipsAuditin
14、gAuditingstandardsstandardsQualificationsQualificationsand conductand conductReportingReportingEvidenceEvidenceaccumulationaccumulationTypes ofTypes ofevidenceevidenceBroadguidelinesBroadcategories7-132006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditin
15、g 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderRelationshipsTypes ofTypes ofevidenceevidenceAuditAuditproceduresproceduresItems toItems toselectselectSpecificinstructionsSampleSamplesizesizeTimingTimingof testsof tests7-142006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,A
16、uditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderInformation Often ConfirmedAssetsAssetsCash in bankCash in bankBankBankAccounts receivableAccounts receivableCustomerCustomerNotes receivableNotes receivableMakerMakerOwned inventory out on consignmentOwned inventory out on consignmen
17、tConsigneeConsigneeInventory held in public warehousesInventory held in public warehousesWarehouseWarehouseCash surrender value of life insuranceCash surrender value of life insuranceInsurance co.Insurance co.InformationInformationSourceSource7-152006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice
18、Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderInformation Often ConfirmedLiabilitiesLiabilitiesAccounts payableAccounts payableCreditorCreditorNotes payableNotes payableLenderLenderAdvances from customersAdvances from customersCustomerCustomerMortgages p
19、ayableMortgages payableMortgagorMortgagorBonds payableBonds payableBondholderBondholderInformationInformationSourceSource7-162006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderInformation Often ConfirmedOwn
20、ers EquityOwners EquityShares outstandingShares outstandingRegistrar andRegistrar andtransfer agenttransfer agentOther InformationOther InformationInsurance coverageInsurance coverageInsurance co.Insurance co.Contingent liabilitiesContingent liabilitiesBank,lender,Bank,lender,and clientsand clientsl
21、egal counsellegal counselBond indenture agreementsBond indenture agreementsBondholderBondholderCollateral held by creditorsCollateral held by creditorsCreditorCreditorInformationInformationSourceSource7-172006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Aud
22、iting 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderInformation Often ConfirmedDocumentationDocumentationAnalytical proceduresAnalytical proceduresInquiries of the clientInquiries of the clientReperformanceReperformanceObservationObservation7-182006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall
23、 Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderCompetence of Types of EvidenceType of evidenceType of evidenceEffectiveness of clients internal controlsEffectiveness of clients internal controlsQualifications of providerQualifications of providerIndependence
24、of providerIndependence of providerAuditors direct knowledgeAuditors direct knowledgeObjectivity of evidenceObjectivity of evidence7-192006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderTerms and Types of E
25、videnceExamineExamineDocumentationDocumentationScanScanAnalytical proceduresAnalytical proceduresReadReadDocumentationDocumentationComputeComputeAnalytical proceduresAnalytical proceduresRecomputeRecomputeReperformanceReperformanceFootFootReperformanceReperformanceTermsTermsType of EvidenceType of E
26、vidence7-202006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderTerms and Types of EvidenceTraceTraceDocumentation/Documentation/ReperformanceReperformanceCompareCompareDocumentationDocumentationCountCountPhy
27、sical examinationPhysical examinationObserveObserveObservationObservationInquireInquireInquiries of clientInquiries of clientVouchVouchDocumentationDocumentationTermsTermsType of EvidenceType of Evidence7-212006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,A
28、uditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 5Understand the purposes ofaudit documentation.7-222006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit DocumentationAudit document
29、ation is the principal recordAudit documentation is the principal recordof auditing procedures applied,evidenceof auditing procedures applied,evidenceobtained,and conclusions reached byobtained,and conclusions reached bythe auditor in the engagement.the auditor in the engagement.7-232006 Prentice Ha
30、ll Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit DocumentationPurposes of audit documentation Purposes of audit documentation Ownership of audit filesOwnership of audit filesConfidentiality of audit filesConfidenti
31、ality of audit files7-242006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderSarbanes-Oxley ActThe Sarbanes-Oxley ActThe Sarbanes-Oxley Actrequires auditors of publicrequires auditors of publiccompanies to pr
32、epare andcompanies to prepare andmaintain audit workingmaintain audit workingpapers for a period of nopapers for a period of noless than seven years.less than seven years.7-252006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder
33、 Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 6Prepare organized auditdocumentation.7-262006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderAudit and OrganizationRobinson AssociatesRobinson AssociatesTrial BalanceT
34、rial Balance12/31/0512/31/05CashCash$165,237$165,237Accounts ReceivableAccounts Receivable 275,050 275,050Prepaid InsurancePrepaid Insurance 37,795 37,795Interest ReceivableInterest Receivable 20,493 20,493FinancialFinancialStatements andStatements andAudit ReportAudit ReportWorkingWorkingTrial Bala
35、nceTrial BalanceAdjustingAdjustingJournal EntriesJournal EntriesContingentContingentLiabilitiesLiabilitiesOperationsOperationsLiabilities Liabilities and Equityand EquityAssetsAssetsAnalyticalAnalyticalProceduresProceduresTest of ControlsTest of Controls&Substantive&SubstantiveTOTTOTInternalInternal
36、ControlControlGeneralGeneralInformationInformationAuditAuditProgramsProgramsPermanentPermanentFilesFiles7-272006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderPermanent FilesThese files are intended to cont
37、ainThese files are intended to containdata of a data of a historical or continuinghistorical or continuingnaturenature pertinent to the current audit.pertinent to the current audit.7-282006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Bea
38、sley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderCurrent FilesAudit programAudit programGeneral informationGeneral informationWorking trial balanceWorking trial balanceAdjusting and reclassification entriesAdjusting and reclassification entriesSupporting schedulesSupporting schedules7-292006 Prentice Hall Business Pub
39、lishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderRelationship of Audit Documentationto Financial Statements FINANCIAL STATEMENTSFINANCIAL STATEMENTSCashCash122122Acc.Acc.WORKING TRIAL BALANCEWORKING TRIAL BALANCE Prelim.Prelim.AJEsAJEs
40、 FinalFinalCashCash212212(90)(90)122122 AJEsAJEsExpenseExpense9090CashCash 90 90LEAD SCHEDULE CASHLEAD SCHEDULE CASHA-1A-1 Per G/LPer G/L AJEsAJEsFinalFinalPetty Cash A-2Petty Cash A-2 5 5 5 5Cash in Bank:Cash in Bank:General A-3General A-3186186(90)(90)96 96Payroll A-4Payroll A-4 21 21 21 21212212(
41、90)(90)1221227-302006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderRelationship of Audit Documentationto Financial StatementsLEAD SCHEDULE CASHLEAD SCHEDULE CASHA-1A-1 Per G/LPer G/L AJEsAJEsFinalFinalPett
42、y Cash A-2 Petty Cash A-2 5 5 5 5Cash in Bank:Cash in Bank:General A-3General A-3186186(90)(90)96 96Payroll A-4Payroll A-4 21 21 21 21212212(90)(90)122122 A-3/1 A-3/1ConfirmationConfirmation A-3/2 A-3/2O/S Check ListO/S Check List A-4/2 A-4/2O/S Check ListO/S Check List A-4/1 A-4/1ConfirmationConfir
43、mation A-2 A-2Cash Count SheetCash Count Sheet A-3 A-3Bank ReconciliationBank Reconciliation A-4 A-4Bank ReconciliationBank Reconciliation7-312006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderTypes of Supp
44、orting SchedulesAnalysisAnalysisTrial balance or listTrial balance or listReconciliation of amountsReconciliation of amountsTests of reasonablenessTests of reasonableness7-322006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder
45、Arens/Beasley/ElderTypes of Supporting SchedulesSummary of proceduresSummary of proceduresExamination of supporting documentsExamination of supporting documentsInformationalInformationalOutside documentationOutside documentation7-332006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business P
46、ublishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderCharacteristics of Audit DocumentationEach audit be properly identified.Each audit be properly identified.Documentation should be indexed andDocumentation should be indexed andcross-referenced.cross-referenced.Completed doc
47、umentation must clearly indicateCompleted documentation must clearly indicatethe audit work performed.the audit work performed.It should include sufficient information.It should include sufficient information.It should plainly state the conclusions reached.It should plainly state the conclusions rea
48、ched.7-342006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderLearning Objective 7Describe how e-commerceaffects audit evidence andaudit documentation.7-352006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2006 Prentice
49、Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 11/e,Auditing 11/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/ElderEffect of E-commerceAudit evidence is increasingly in electronic form.Audit evidence is increasingly in electronic form.Auditors must evaluate how electronic informationAuditors must evaluate how electronic i
50、nformationaffects their ability to gather evidence.affects their ability to gather evidence.Auditors use computers to read and examineAuditors use computers to read and examineevidence.evidence.Software programs are typically Windows-based.Software programs are typically Windows-based.7-362006 Prent