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1、最新资料推荐China-Africa Trade and Investment Report1. Sino-Africa Trade1.1 Trade ScaleSino-Africa trade started at $12.14 million in 1950. At present, China is the largest business partner with Africa, and Africa is one of the most decisive import sources of China.During 2003 to 1H2013, Sino-Africa trade
2、 kept rising despite of slight fluctuations. In 2006 it exceeded $50 billion for the first time. Furthermore, in 2008, $100 billion trade volume benchmark was broke through. In 2009, China became Africas No. 1 trade partner. Even during the slack global economic recovery in 2012, the quantity jumped
3、 to $198.48 billion, increasing 19.3% year-on year. Of this, US$85.319 billion consisted of Chinas exports to Africa, up 16.7%, and US$113.171 billion was contributed by Chinas imports from Africa, up 21.4%. Total China-Africa trade volume, Chinas export volume to Africa and Chinas import volume fro
4、m Africa all reached new highs.2012 China Trade with World Major RegionsTrade Volume ($100 Mil.)Year-on-year growth Rate (%)TotalExportImportTotalExportImportgross38667.620489.3518178.266.27.94.3Asia20449.310069.6310379.677.5123.4Africa1984.8853.91131.7119.316.721.4Europe6830.63964.242866.36-2.5-4.1
5、-0.2Latin America2612.431352.171260.268.211.15.3North America5363.23801.31561.98.58.068.2Oceania1364.87448.8916.075.19.073ASEAN400029.2920427.1919582.0910.220.11.5EU5460.433339.882120.55-3.7-6.20.4APEC24687.4413062.6111624.838.112.33.7Source: China Custom Statistics.In the first half of 2013, the Si
6、no-Africa trade amount was $105.65 billion, unprecedentedly penetrating $100 billion in 6 months, increasing 7.1% year-on-year. Source: China Custom Statistics.Though the Sino-Africa trade amount does not dominate Chinas foreign trade market, it grows fast and steady. During the 10 years period, the
7、 percentage Sino-Africa trade accounted for total Chinese foreign trade grew from 2.2% to 5.3%, increasing by more than 2%Specifically, the proportion consisting of Chinas imports from Africa up from 2.47% to 6.23%, and that of Chinas exports to Africa from 2.02% to 4.16% from 2000 to 2013, accordin
8、g to China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation (2013).Source: Chinas National Bureau of Statistics.On the African side, the changes are even more remarkable. From 2003 to 2012, the proportion of China-Africa trade volume as a part of Africas total foreign trade volume increased from 5.38% to 16%,
9、increasing more than 10%.According to China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation (2013), from 2000 to 2012, the proportion contributed by Africas exports to China up from 3.76% to 18.07%, and that by Africas imports from China from 3.88% to 14.11%.Source: Chinas National Bureau of Statistics; World
10、 Trade Organization Statistics.1.2 Chinas Import from AfricaIn general, China-Africa trade figures are relatively balanced since Chinas trade adverse balance is negligible compared with total trade volume. However, China-Africa trade structure remains considerably uneven both in terms of products st
11、ructure and geographical distribution. 1.2.1 Imported Products from Africa to ChinaResource and primary products still dominate Chinas imports from Africa, and the commodities structure is generally sustained and steady.The top 10 products imported from Africa in 2012 were mineral fuel, ores, slag a
12、nd ash, copper, noble metal, wood, cotton, steel, grains, tobacco and others, accounting for 97.07% of all imports from Africa (see chart2).Top 10 Products Imported from AfricaProductsExport($100 Mil.)Percentage (%)Growth (%)2010201120122010201120122012/2011All African Products668.96931.401130.874.8
13、05.356.2221.42Mineral Fuel414.75490.73560.8462.0052.6949.5914.29Other34.01159.26289.415.0817.1025.5981.72Ores, Slag and Ash88.64126.20113.2013.2513.5510.01-10.30Copper 40.8745.2449.246.114.864.358.83Noble Metal24.0734.7238.903.603.733.4412.04Wood 12.0811.5014.481.811.241.2825.90Cotton4.648.1712.480.
14、690.881.1052.64Steel11.6414.229.681.741.530.86-31.95Grains4.385.025.160.660.540.462.71Tobacco1.623.334.420.240.360.3932.53Total636.70898.411097.8095.1896.4897.0722.19Source: China Custom.In 2012, mineral fuel, mainly crude oil, constituted 49.59%, almost half of all the imports. Crude oil imported f
15、rom Africa valued $53.8 billion, accounting for 24.41% of Chinas total crude oil imports, overtaking America to become the no.1 destination of Africas oil exports.In terms of metallic ore imports, Chinas amount was $11.32 billion, occupying 8.47% of the total mineral imports of China. Iron ore, the
16、major component, accounted for 63.36% in 2012. Follow behind were manganese, chrome ore and copper, occupying 8.85%, 8.09% and 5.95% respectively.Source: China Custom.It is notable that Sino-African trade in agricultural products has grown quickly in recent years. From 2009 to 2012, Chinas agricultu
17、ral imports from Africa grew from US$1.16 billion to US$2.86 billion, a 146% increase. Most imported agricultural products are non-food items, including cotton, hemp, silk, oilseeds and other such products.A major reason for the rapid increase in Chinese imports of African agricultural products is t
18、he zero-tariff policy that the Chinese government adopted in 2005 for some African products. Agricultural products are a major category benefiting from this policy and, as a result, the export of specialty African agricultural products to China has grown rapidly.1.2.2 African Exporters to ChinaAt th
19、e country level, China-Africa trade is highly intensive.In 2012, top 10 African exporters to China, in order, were South Africa, Angola, Libya, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (DRC), Zambia, Algeria, Sudan, Equatorial Guinea and Mauritania, accounting for 90.89% of Africa total exports to China, which in
20、dicated a high level of geographical concentration. Top10 African Export Countries to China in 2012RankCountryShare of Trade (%)Year-on-year Growth (%)1South Africa39.4239.142Angola29.5634.433Libya5.63209.694Congo (Brazzaville)4.02-2.53Congo (DRC)3.110.666Zambia2.38-3.617Algeria2.0519.188Sudan1.8-78
21、.539Equatorial Guinea1.618.5710Mauritania1.31-4.37Total90.8921.89From the viewpoint of Chinas imports, trading partners are highly concentrated on a few countries richly endowed with crude oil and mineral resources.Angola, Sudan, Congo (Brazzaville), Libya, Algeria, and Equatorial Guinea are Chinas
22、main suppliers of crude oil. While South Africa mainly provides China with iron ore. Congo (DRC) and Zambia are major exporters of copper ore to China.It is noted that Libyan exports to China surged sharply with an increase of 209.5% partly due to the recovery of its oil production. Meanwhile, the r
23、econstruction after Libyan civil war brought great demand for light industry products and mechanical and electrical products, which were mainly imported from China. 1.3 Chinas Exports to Africa1.3.1 Exported Products from China to AfricaThe major products exported to Africa are based on finished and
24、 semi-finished manufactured goods, mainly concentrating on electronic products, mechanical equipment, auto and steel products. Source: China CustomIn 2012, the top 10 products in export amount were electrical products, mechanical equipment, auto, steel products, knitted goods, furniture and bedding,
25、 plastic and its products, shoes, ships and cotton, accounting for 60.57% of all exports to Africa.Among the top 10 products, furniture and bedding enjoyed the fastest growing rate of 121.75% year on year. The next was knitted goods with a year-on-year growth rate of 41.41%.Top 10 Products Exported
26、to AfricaProductsExport ($100 Mil.)Percentage (%)Growth (%)2010201120122010201120122012/2011All Products598.39729.41852.393.793.844.1616.86Electrical Products93.19103.49105.5215.5714.1912.381.96Mechanical Equipment78.7986.91103.5613.1711.9212.1519.16Auto41.4953.4661.236.937.337.1814.52Steel Products
27、32.3536.6443.175.415.025.0717.83Knitted Goods25.5130.3142.874.264.165.0341.41Furniture and Bedding15.1319.0442.222.532.614.95121.75Plastic and Its Products15.5221.5332.402.592.953.8050.51Shoes18.1423.3031.203.033.193.6633.93Ships39.4743.1827.496.605.923.23-36.34Cotton21.5726.4226.573.603.623.120.57T
28、otal381.15444.28516.2363.6960.1960.5716.19Source: China Custom.1.3.2 Chinas Exporting Destinations to AfricaIn 2012, Chinas top ten exporting destination countries in Africa, in order, were South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, Algeria, Ghana, Angola, Liberia, Togo, Morocco and Kenya, accounting for 70.21%
29、of all the African imports from China.Top10 Africa Import Countries from China in 2012RankCountryPercentage (%)Year-on-year Growth (%)1South Africa17.9714.72Nigeria10.911.163Egypt9.6412.934Algeria6.3521.115Ghana5.6153.896Angola4.7445.397Liberia4.08-29.918Togo3.9784.739Morocco3.672.8410Kenya3.2717.72
30、Total70.218.08Source: China Custom.African countries import capability has a direct correlation with their development. According to African GDP data in 2010, the top countries in order are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, Morocco, Angola, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Ghana and Kenya. Generally, the
31、 top 10 African trade partners with China all head the list of African GDP rank. 1.3.2 Top 20 Chinese Exporters to AfricaIn the first half of 2012, among the Top 20 export companies, there are 12 SOEs, 7 private enterprises and 1 Joint Venture. The industries involved are mainly high-tech, manufactu
32、re and metal trade.Top 20 Chinese Exporters to Africa in the first half of 2012CompanyEnterprise NatureSectorHeadquarter1Shenzhen Huawei Communication Technologies Co., LtdPrivateCommunication TechnologyGuangdong2ZTE CorporationSOECommunication TechnologyGuangdong3China Electronics Shenzhen CompanyS
33、OEITGuangdong4Gree ElectricAppliances, I ncSOEManufactureGuangdong5Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., LtdSOEMetalShanghai6Jiangsu Shagang Co., Ltd.Private MetalJiangsu 7Guangdong Meidi Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.Private ManufactureGuangdong8Benxi Iron And Steel（Group）International Economic And Trading
34、Co., LtdSOEMetal/TradeLiaoning9Angang Group International Trade CorpopationSOEMetal/TradeLiaoning10China Brilliant Supply Chain Service Co., LtdPrivate TradeGuangdong 11China Petroleum Technology And Development CorporationSOEManufacture/TradeBeijing12Shenzhen One Touch Business Services Co. Ltd.Pri
35、vate TradeShenzhen13Chery Automobile Co., LtdSOEManufacture/TradeAnhui14Xugong Science Technology Co., Ltd.SOEManufacture/TradeJiangsu15Benxi Beiying Iron & Steel Group Imp.& Exp.Co., Ltd.SOEMetal/TradeLiaoning16Great Wall Motor Company LimitedPrivate ManufactureHebei17Xinlikang Co., Ltd Private Tra
36、deShenzhen18China Shougang International Trade Engineering Co.LtdSOEManufactureBeijing19Nokia Telecommunications LtdJoint VentureCommunication TechnologyBeijing20Tangshan Steel Group Cooperation LtdSOEMetalHebei Source: 1.4 Surplus Countries and Deficit CountriesChinas trade deficit with Africa has
37、kept expanded, especially during the latest 3 years. In 2010, the deficit was $7.138 billion, while it soared to $278.50 billion in 2012, nearly a fourfold rise. In 2013, China exported $44.65 billion to Africa and imported $60.99 from Africa, leading to a deficit of $16.34 billion.The deficit resul
38、ted from the growth rate of Chinas imports from Africa (average annual growth rate of 28.55%) exceeding that of Chinas exports to Africa (average annual growth rate of 26.59%). In the future, the adverse balance will grow since China has a massive demand for African energy and mineral resources and
39、other primary products. Besides, China government has carried out promoting measures, like zero tariff and trade fairs, to promote imports from Africa. Source: China Custom Statistics.In general, the occurrence of crude oil and metallic ore has decisive influence on trade balance of African countrie
40、s. Chinas African partners with trade surpluses generally are main exporting countries of crude oil and mineral. While deficit partners with China are countries with much less natural resources endowment.In 2012, top 10 surplus African countries with China, in order, were Angola, South Africa, Congo
41、 (Brazzaville), Liberia, Congo (DRC), Zambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Sierra Leone and Gabon. Their surpluses were $29.414 billion, $29.281 billion, $4.034 billion, $3.976 billion, $2.67 billion, $1.992 billion, $1.46 billion, $1.029 billion, $0.257 billion and $0.191 billion respectively.While t
42、he top 10 trade deficit African countries with China, in order, were Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Togo, Libya, Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, Benin and Tanzania. Their deficits were $8.041 billion, $6.904 billion, $4.147 billion, $3.299 billion, $3.251 billion, $3.098 billion, $2.737 billion, $2.568 billion, $2
43、.152 billion and $1.709 billion respectively. Source: China Custom.From Chinas perspective, Africa may be a strategic supplier of natural resources. But a far greater number of African countries represent export destinations for China, with considerable market potential. 2. Sino-Africa Investment2.1
44、 Chinese OFDI in AfricaFrom 2003 to 2012, Chinese non-financial outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) to Africa grew from less than $100 million to $2.9 billion, enjoying an upward trend despite of some fluctuations, which is in consistent with the trend of world non-financial OFDI to Africa. At
45、present,Africa is now Chinas major import source, second largest overseas construction project contract market and fourth largest investment destination. During the 10-year-period, Chinese non-financial OFDI flow to Africa gradually ticked up in the first 5 years before it strikingly peaked at $5.491 billion in 2008.However, affected by the global financial crisis, it dropped to $1.44 billion in 2009 and slowly rebounded in the following 2 years to $1.07 billion and $3.17 billi