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1、人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it知识整理重要词汇解析1. last 持续，为延续性动词，可与一段时间及How long 连用如： America Civil War lasted for four years.美国内战持续了四年。Our holidays lasted for ten days.我们休了十天假。2. always 频度副词，意思是：永远，一直，总是(1)always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever和never是频度副词，与疑问词how often对应。它在句中位于实义动词之前，情态动词
2、(may，can，would，could等)、助动词(do，did，does，have，had等)、连系动词(be)之后。He is always wearing that blue shirt. 他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。I always think of her in that dress.我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。(2)always与进行时连用，常带有感情色彩。The boy is always telling lies.这孩子总是说谎。(表示生气)He is always talking to his father like that 他老是那样和他父亲说话。(表示不满)3.
3、alone (1)alone形容词，意为“单独的；独一无二的”，只可作表语。I am not alone in this opinion. 不只是我一个有这想法。(2)alone也可作副词，意为“单独，独自”。He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。She lived alone. 她独居。The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。4cross (1)cross作动词，意为“横渡，渡过；越过”。They crossed the road. 他们过了马
4、路。(2)cross作动词时，还可表示“交叉，相交；错过”。例如：We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。(3)近义词：pass 穿过5. along (1)along作副词(与动词连用)，意为“往前，向前”Let us walk along. 让我们往前走。(2)along作副词时，还可表示“共同，一起”。例如：I took my brother along. 我带着弟弟。(3)along还可作介词，意为“沿着”。例如：We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。6. feel like表示“感觉是，似乎”Whats th
5、is in my pocket? It feels like a nut.什么东西在我口袋里？摸上去像是个坚果。feel like后可接doing sth，表示“喜欢(愿意)做某事”。I feel like staying at home to the weekends.我喜欢周末待在家里。7. enjoy是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢，喜爱”，且含“享受”之意。例如：I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful party我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们的精彩晚会。enjoy doing表示“喜欢，乐意做某事”，指从某件事中享受到乐趣。例如：I enjoy listeni
6、ng to music. 我很喜欢听音乐。8. be good at表示“擅长，在方面做得好”，at后面跟名词、代词或动名词。He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。What subjects are you good at? 你擅长哪些科目？She is good at math. 她擅长数学。He is good at singing. 他擅长唱歌。近义词组：do well in，更强调一次性做得好。You did well in the Chinese exam. 你这次语文考试考得好。9. clean表示“打扫”，及物动词，还有形容词词性。(1)clean作动词，意
7、为“打扫，弄干净”。The students are cleaning the classroom. 学生们在打扫教室。(2)clean还可作形容词，意为“干净的”，其反义词为dirty。Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 请保持教室干净整齐。重点词组句型汇总1. look like 看起来像2. by noon 到中午为止3. on the weekend 在周末4. look through 浏览5. wait in line 排队等候6. a ball game fan 球迷7. have a wonderful time 过得愉快8. o
8、n Saturday night 在周六晚上9. thank you so much for 为而非常感谢你10. be friendly to 对友好11. feel like 感觉像12. part of 的一部分13. have a hard time doing 做时很费劲14. come along 出现，发生15. enjoy doing 享受做的乐趣16. be good at 擅长于17. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.18. a lot easier 容易的多19. get along 相处20. be care
9、ful to do sth. 小心去做某事21. at least 至少22. at this time 此时交际用语 1. Its a nice day, isnt it?今天是个好天气，不是吗？Yes, it is. 是。2. Youre sister, arent you?你是 的姐姐/妹妹，对吗？Yes, I am.是的，我是。3. You love violin music, dont you?你喜欢小提琴乐曲，对吗？Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。重要语法 反义疑问句【课文讲解】1. He sure is! 他确实很好！(1)此处sure是副词，意为“的确，一定”。It sur
10、e was a cold day. 的确是个冷天。(2)口语中可以单独使用，表示“同意”。Are you going? 你去吗？Sure. 当然啦。(3)sure还常用作表语。其用法如下：be sure of表示“对有把握，肯定”。Im sure of his coming. 我确信他能来。be sure that 表示“确定，确信”。Im sure that he will come. 我确信他能来。2. It looks like rain，doesnt it? 看起来要下雨了，不是吗？(1)it作代词，在本句中指“天气”，it还可指“时间，距离”。例如：Its a fine day to
11、day. 今天天气很好。Its seven oclock. 现在7点了。Its two kilometers away from my home to school. 从我家到学校有2千米远。(2)本句中look作系动词，后可接形容词、名词。She looks very sad. 她看上去很伤心。You look very happy today. 今天你看上去很高兴。3. Do you think itll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗？(1)think后引导的是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序。Do you think she can carry the box? 你认为她能
12、搬动这个箱子吗？(2)by表示时间，指“在前，不迟于，到时(为止)”，相当于before。Can you finish your work by 6 pm? 下午6点前你们能完成工作吗？By the time we got there，the bus had already gone.当我们到达那儿时，公共汽车已经走了。by也可以表示方法、手段，意为“同，靠，用，通过”。by phone用电话by bus乘公共汽车by还可以表示位置，意为“在旁，靠近”相当于beside，near等。I sit by the window. 我坐在窗子旁。4. I hope the bus comes soon
13、. 我希望公共汽车很快就来。(1)soon表示“不久，很快”，指的是时间上的“快”。I want to get your letter soon. 我想尽快收到你的来信。The winter comes soon. 冬天马上就要来了。(2)hope意为“希望”，表示的是“有把握、有信心实现某一愿望”，它后面常接动词不定式或从句作宾语。I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望不久收到你的来信。I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天是好天气。5. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。
14、(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。thanks for后接名词或动名词形式，用for引起要表示致谢的原因，表示“因为而感谢你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。Thank you for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。Thank you for a delicious lunch. 谢谢你的美味午餐。Thank you for giving me so much help. 谢谢你给了我如此多的帮助。Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。(2)invite作及物动词，后常跟“人”，也常与to连用，表示“邀请某人去
15、”。She invited us to her party. 她邀请我们参加她的聚会。如果你当面邀请人，不可用invite，需用would you like来表达。例如：Would you like to come to the party? 你们愿意来参加聚会吗？6. Im going to ask my cousin，Tommy，to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。(1)Tommy在本句中作my cousin的同位语，是对my cousin的补充说明。My sister，Jane，is a student. 我妹妹，简，是一名学生。(2)to go在这里是ask的宾
16、语补足语，即ask sb to do sth，表示“要求某人做某事。”例如：My boss asked me to finish the work before six oclock.老板要求我在下午6点前完成这项工作。He always asks me to help him with his homework.他经常让我帮助他做作业。(3)本句中with是指“和某人在一起”，后常跟名词或代词作宾语，其后若跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。I am going to the park with my mother. = My mother and I are going to the park.
17、我打算和妈妈一起去公园。I spend a good time with my students. 我和学生们共度美好时光。7. He said hed help me with my math project 他说他将帮助我做数学作业。(1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句为过去将来时。不管是什么人称后，这个时态均由“would+动词原形”构成，这个时态常常用在宾语从句中，特别是用于宾语从句中，其主语应是一般过去时。I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。I said l would arrange everything. 我说我要安排一切。He told
18、 me he would wait for me outside. 他告诉我他将在外边等我。I asked if he would come and mend my television set. 我问他可否来修我的电视机。(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗?Let me help you off with your coat. 我来帮你脱上衣。Please help me up with this heavy box. 请帮我把这个大箱子抬上去。(3)句中project意为“作业”。In
19、their geography class，the children are doing a special project on North American Indians.在地理课上，孩子们正在做一个有关北美印第安人的特别作业。I did my physics project with my classmates in my house yesterday evening.昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。8. Paul and I are good friends. We get along well because we both like sports. 我和保罗是好朋友，我
20、们相处得很好，因为我们俩都喜欢运动。(1)both表示“(两者)都”，在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后，行为动词之前。We are both tall.我们俩都很高。They are both boys.他们俩都是男孩。We both have short hair我们俩都留短发。They both go to this school.他们俩都在这所学校读书。My parents both like hiking.我父母都喜欢远足。(2)both常与and连用，意为“不但而且；既又”，用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。Both New York and London
21、 have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。(3)get along也可写作get on，表示“相处”。例如：Do you get along well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？Lily gets along well with Lucy.莉莉和露西相处得很好。How do
22、you get along with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得怎么样？【语法详解】反义疑问句1、概念：反义疑问句是指问话人对自己的看法、观点不完全肯定，需要别人来加以证实。反义疑问句是由陈述句与一个简短的一般疑问句构成，中间用逗号隔开。例如：.You werent at home yesterday , were you?你昨天不在家，对吗？.She likes cakes , doesnt she?她喜欢蛋糕，不是吗？2、反义疑问句的两部分在结构上，肯定、否定相对立。如前一部分为肯定的陈述句，后一部分则用否定的一般疑问句。如前一部分为否定的陈述句，后一部分则用肯定的
23、一般疑问句，且两部分在人称、数和时态等方面必须一致。例如：.They are going to Shanghai , arent they?他们打算去上海，不是吗？.You arent students, are you?你们不是学生，对吗？3、对于前半部为否定，后半部为肯定的反义疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如 何，若事实是肯定的用yes回答，若事实是否定的用no回答。例如：.You arent a woker,are you? 你不是工人，对吗？No, Im not. 对，我不是。.You arent a student, are you? 你不是学生，对吗？Yes, I am. 不，我是。
24、4、当陈述部分含有hardly, seldom, few, little, never, nothing, no, nobody,too-to-,等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：.Mike ate nothing this morning, did he?迈克今天早上没吃东西，对吗？.There is little milk in the glass, is there?杯里几乎没有牛奶，对吗？5、如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。例如Tom is unhappy,isnt he?汤姆是不高兴的，对吗？6、前一部分
25、是I am+表语时，疑问句中用arent代替am not.例如：Im on time ,arent I? 我很准时，对吗？7、祈使句后面的疑问句则用“will you?”或“wont you？”如果是否定的祈使句则用“will you”?例如：.Close the window, will you?关上窗，好吗？.Be quick, wont you? 快点，好吗？.Dont talk, will you? 别讲了，好吗？【拓展】如果以Lets 开头的祈使句，疑问句为“Shall we ?”;而如果以Let us 开头，疑问句则为“will you?”例如：.Lets go,shall we?
26、 咱们走吧，好吗？.Let us play games, will you? 咱们玩游戏，好吗8.当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, expect等，且主语为第一人称或第二人称时，简略问句的主语和时态却要与宾语从句的主谓一致，而肯定还是否定则要与主句一致。例如：.I dont think that you are a student, are you?我想你不是学生，对吗？.I believe he knows the answer, doesnt he?我相信他知道答案，对吗？9.陈述句部分含had better, would like的，附加部分用hadnt
27、, wouldnt.例如：.Youd better put on your coat,hadnt you?你最好穿上你的外套，好不好？.Shed like a coke, wouldnt she?她想要杯可乐，是不是？【中考连线】1. - Our maths teacher will go to the cinema with us，_? - Yes，I think so.A. wont he B. will he C. doesnt he D. does he 2. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. thir
28、d fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth3. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People，_?Ahasnt he B. has he Cdoes he Ddoesnt he4. Were _ her carefully，but we cant _what she says .A. listening to，listen B. listening，hear C. listening to，hear D. hearing，listen to 5. I think _ game
29、s is much better than _ housework. A. to play；doing B. playing；doing C. to play；do D. playing；to do解析：1. A 英语中反意疑问句有两种形式：一是前为肯定陈述句，后为否定简短问句；二是前为否定陈述句，后为肯定简短问句。两部分的谓语在人称、时态和数上要一致，简略问句的主语要用代词。此题前句肯定，后句必须否定。前句谓语中有will，简短问句必须用will的否定式wont。故选A。2. C 几分之几的表达应是three fifths，即分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子超过一，分母后面要加s。3. B
30、此题考查反意疑问句，由前后时态要一致的原则，选项D、C可排除，又never意为“从不”，故选B。弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。4. C listen to强调听的动作 hear 强调听的结果，所以C为正确答案。5. B同步测试题一、词组翻译（每空1分,共10分）1.浏览_2.相处融洽_3.至少_4.闲聊_5.感谢信_6.想要 _7.容易做某事_8.排队等候_9.渡过愉快的一天_10.横过公路 _二、根据句意和首字母提示写出句中单词(每空1分,共5分).11.Its going to rain ,youd better take an u_.12.There is a b_ selling a
31、ll kinds of books near our school. 13.You cant leave your baby son a_ in the house.14.The Smiths usually have lunch at home at _.15.Walk a_ this road and take the second turning on the left.三、圈出下列正确选项（10分）16.Your apartment is big,_(don t you/isnt it)?17.I like action movies. They re exciting,_(are t
32、hey/ arent they)?18.Have you always gone to this school? No,_(I haven t/I didnt).19.Are you waiting for the bus? Yes,_(Ive been waiting for two hours./I didnt wait for it an hour ago.)20.It s going to rain,_(isnt it/is it)?21.You are going to Sandy Beach,_(arent we/arent you)?22.He isnt going to hav
33、e the concert tonight,_(isnt he/is he)?23. I hate rainy days. _(So do I/So I do).24.The prices in this market are very_(high/expensive).25.Allen will come back_(by the noon/by noon). 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空（每个1分，共5分）26.You should be careful while _(cross) the street.27.That nice watch is at _(little) one hun
34、dred yuan.28.Have you _(see) that man in blue before?29.My father is having his _(thirty ) birthday party.30.The traffic _(be) very busy at this time.五.根据汉语提示完成句子（20分）31.You like thrillers,_ _(是吗)？32.Would you like something to drink?Yes, please. Id love_ _(一点柠檬汁).33.Do you like_ _(小提琴乐曲)？34.He has
35、been_ the_(练吉他)for a long time.35.I usually take the taxi to school. _ _I(我也是). 36.Rita,do you_ an_(带雨伞)？Its raining.37.Its_ _(真热)today, isnt it?38.He likes playing soccer,_ _(是吗)？39.Lets go to the Water World,_ _(好吗)？40.Dont stand too close to everyone,_ _(好吗)？六、单项选择 选择最佳答案填入题前括号内（每空1分,共10分）( )41.I
36、t looks like_, doesnt it? A. rain B. rains C. raining D. raining( )42.Our English teacher is good. He _ English very interesting. A. makes B. feels C. finds D. thinks( )43.How do you _ with your classmates? A.come along. B. go on C. get along D. get in ( )44.The teacher has just graduated from schoo
37、l, so he is _to his work. A. old B. young C. polite D. new( )45. How do you go up and down the high building? We use_. A. a ladder B. a line C. an elevator D. foot( )46. How much does the book_?About eight dollars. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay( )47. Have a good day today! _. A. Yes, it is . B Its
38、 really fine. C. Im sure. D. Thank you.( )48.The work is too difficult . I cant do it _. A. alone B. along C. easy D. hard（ ）49.You are too careless,_? A. are you B. arent you C. shall we D will you（ ）50.-How about _ home? -OK, mom.A going to B. going C. go to D. go七、阅读理解,仔细阅读下面的文章，然后选择正确答案(每小题2分,共1
39、0分)Mr Robinson worked in Africa(非洲). His son was born there. His name was John. One winter Mr and Mrs Robinson went to England, and they took John there. John was seven years old then. One day it snowed. The boy went into the garden, and he played in the snow. He said, Snow is very beautiful, but it
40、 is very cold. Then he said, What is this? It is a big, round piece of glass. It is beautiful, but it is very cold, too. But it was not glass. It was ice. It was on a bucket(桶) of water. John said, Who put this glass here? I am going to take it into the house. He took the ice to his father and said,
41、 This is a beautiful piece of glass, but it is very cold and wet. It was on a bucket of water in the garden.” Mr Robinson smiled and said, Take it to the kitchen, put it in front of the stove there, and dry it. The boy took the ice to the kitchen and put it in front of the stove. He dried(弄干) his ha
42、nds, because they were very cold and wet, and then he went to the ice again .He looked at it, and then he took it to his father again. He said, I put this glass in front of the stove, but it does not get drier. It becomes wetter and smaller.（ ）51. John didnt know what the ice was, because _.A. he wa
43、s very foolish B. he was youngC. he was born in Africa D. he didnt go to school（ ）52. One winter Mr and Mrs Robinson went England with _.A. their son B. a boy of their friendsC. their daughter D. one of their friends son（ ）53. One day John found _ on a bucket of water.A. a piece of glass B. a piece
44、of iceC. some snow D. some water（ ）54. What did Mr Robinson ask John to do?A. He asked John to take the ice out.B. He asked John to put the ice in front of the stove.C. He asked John not to play with ice.D. He asked John to dry his hands at once.（ ）55. After John put the ice in front of the stove, he found that it became _.A. dry B. wetter C. bigger D. colder八、句型变换按括号中的要求完成句子.（10分）56.It s very cold today. (变为反意疑问句)It s very cold today,_ _?57.You gave me much