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1、现在完成时精讲和专练 I. 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II 现在完成时的结构肯定句：have/has+done(过去分词)否定句：主语+have/has+not+done(过去分词)+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done(过去分词)+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定) No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的
2、动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。 III 现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,现在完成时通常和，ever,never,twice（once）,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears（在过去几年）,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚),before（以前）,recently（近来）等词连用。说明：already与
3、yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhave alreadyleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)Ihavehad alreadymylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)Icantfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,
4、甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法2 A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以
5、和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthre
6、emonths.正确：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave-beaway borrow-keep buy-have die-bedeadbegin/start-beon finish-beover fallill-beill getup-beup catchacold-haveacold putonwear come/be
7、come/go-behere fallasleep-beasleep getto/arrive/reach-be(in) gettoknow-know join-beamemberof（成为的一员) join the army- be in the army move to - be in/at +地点open-beopen close-beclosed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for时间段” 或“since时间点”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears. HehasbeenamemberoftheGre
8、enChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong
9、;foralongtime等。V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago,lastweek/. In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then(那时),thatday,oneda
10、y,once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚),before（以前连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. VI. 比较since和for: since后接时间点，for后接时间段，试比较： Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyear
11、s.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn. Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime. VII. 比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeenin have(has)beento.表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：si
12、nce,for,howlong等 HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上，反正他人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ w
13、on the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. I
14、ts six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will kn
15、ow2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has cha
16、nged ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I
17、_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have fin
18、ished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurr
19、y up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been
20、to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 year
21、s. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory
22、_ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has
23、arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)_三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正
24、好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（
25、几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A
26、14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型转换。1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？