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1、全国2023年4月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836PART A:VOCABULARY.Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary.(10%)1.extricable 无法摆脱的2.fiction 想象的3.period 周期的4.produce 生产有经济价值之东西的5.normal 异常的6.justified 理由7.habit 同居8.class 标准的9.field 外场10.distinct 有特色的.Dir
2、ections: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(10%)takeinto account burst forth to the tune of run for dojustice/do justice toin relation to cater for in response to after all draw on11.He is going to _ President.12.He has two jobs; he cant _ both
3、 of them.13.She used the map to discover where she was _ her surroundings.14.The company has changed some of its working practices _ criticism bygovernment inspectors.15.Dont get discouraged by setbacks; we are new to the work _.16.The record company _all tastes in music.17.A writer has to _ his ima
4、gination and experience.18.When you are planning a garden party, youll have to _ the weather _.19.Bamboo shoots _ in spring.20.The city council had financed the new building _ over twelve million dollars.Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.(10%)contain first than protein
5、in remain carbohydrateslater then withProteins are nutrients that build and repair body parts. Large parts of tissuesfor instance, bone, muscle, and skincome from 21 . Foods such as chicken and other meats, eggs, fish, and nuts supply you 22 protein. Fats are nutrients that supply your body with ene
6、rgy. Fats 23 large amounts of energy. Salad dressing, butter, and cooking oils are foods high 24 fat. Carbohydrates are nutrients that also supply you with energy. What 25 is the difference between fats and carbohydrates? The body uses carbohydrates 26 for energy. The body stores fats; that is, it k
7、eeps them for 27 use. Then, if necessary, it uses the fats for energy. Foods that contain starches and sugars (for instance, bread and fruit) supply you with 28 . A person can 29 healthy only if he or she gets the correct amounts of each nutrient. You must not get more or less of a nutrient 30 your
8、body can use.PART B:TRANSLATION.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below.(10%)given gigantic untangle reinforce typify31.大象是地球上一种巨大的动物。32.假如有机会，我要放下工作去环游世界。33.他花了很长的时间试图解开她头发上的发结。34.最后关于事故的技术报告证实了最初调查的结果。35.那台电脑的速度代表了同类电脑的速度。.Dire
9、ctions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(15%)36.Related to this issue is that of inequalities of impact of the Green Revolution on various social groups. Quite apart from the advantages of scale, e. g. in the use of ground water for irrigation, large farmers inevitably had better acce
10、ss to information, credit and influence than did small farmers and they profited more from the new agricultural techniques, partly by adopting them earlier. However, adoption by small farmers eventually became widespread. The urban poor gained from the lower prices and greater supplies of food but t
11、he rural poor, especially the landless, have sometimes been disadvantaged. However, new agricultural technology should not be expected to stand proxy for social reform, and Lipton concludes that the technology per se (自身) was not to blame for the inequalities of impact; it met the criteria he would
12、have specified for a technology to help the rural poor. As Frankel commented: “It is precisely the social blindness of modern technology that is encouraging the most disadvantaged sections of the agricultural community.”PART C: READINGCOMPREHENSION. Directions: Read through the following passages. C
13、hoose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket.(20%)(A)No layman, it is probably safe to assume, really understands Einsteins theory of general relativity. Yet it is somewhat unnerving, to say the least, when somebody like MITs Victor Weisskopf, a National Medal of Science winner, claims no
14、t to understand it either. “Its like the peasant who asks the engineer how the steam engine works,” Weisskopf says. “The engineer explains exactly how the steam moves through the engine, how all the parts move, and so on. And when hes finished, the peasant says, Yes, I understand all that. But where
15、 is the horse? Thats how I feel about general relativity. I know how it works in great detail, but I dont understand where the horse is.”Knowledge is not the same as understanding, of course. Doctors know how to treat what ails the human body, but rarely do they understand in detail how or why their
16、 treatments work. Many people know a great deal about quarks and quasars, dinosaurs and jumping genes without claiming to understand them in the least.Even Isaac Newton admitted that he never understood gravity-something that later earned him Einsteins greatest respect. Newton wrote: “It is inconcei
17、vable that inanimate brute matter should, without the mediation of something else which is not material, operate upon and affect other matter without mutual contact. That gravity should be innate, inherent, and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance is to me so grea
18、t an absurdity that I believe no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it.”Newton was the first to see that the fall of the apple and the orbit of the moon were propelled by the same force: gravity. Both to him and G.W. Leibniz are attributed the dev
19、elopment of differential calculus. To Newton calculus provided a way to predict the pull of the force of gravity at various distances from the Earths center. Newton knew precisely how gravity behaved; he just did not understand how it worked. But if Newton did not understand gravity, who did? What d
20、oes understanding mean, anyway? It turns out that there is no single answer to that question.In the first place, understanding means literally coming to terms. Confucius said, “The beginning of wisdom is calling things by their right names.”Yet names alone are hardly enough. As Paul Hewitt, author o
21、f the popular college text Conceptual Physics, tells his students, “We understand many things, and we have names and labels for these things. And there are many things that we do not understand, and we have names and labels for these things also.” It is easy to answer the question “Why do things fal
22、l toward the earth?” by giving the phenomenon a name, like gravity, or even cured space. Whether or not this suffices for understanding depends entirely on how well you understand what the name represents 37.The main purpose of the passage is to _.( )A. illustrate the fact that few people really und
23、erstand Einsteins theory of general relativityB. explain that true understanding is rarely acquiredC. argue for the essence of understandingD. discuss the incompleteness of scientific understanding38.In telling the story about the peasant, Victor Weisskopf was _.( )A. ridiculing the peasantB. ridicu
24、ling scientistsC. showing respect for the peasantD. arguing for respect for scientists39.According to Issac Einstein, one of the incredible aspects of gravity is that _.( )A. it keeps people and buildings upright B. it makes the apple fall to the groundC. it affects objects in the universe that are
25、far from each otherD. it is innate, inherent and essential40.It seems amazing that _.( )A. even Newton admitted that he didnt fully understand gravityB. nobody but Newton understood fully what gravity really meansC. it takes a horse to make an engine runD. good doctors know how and why their medicin
26、e works to help their patients recover41.What can be said about names for things?( )A. Names may not stand for things.B. There are not enough names for understanding things.C. Even the unknown things have names.D. Names may have inadequacy for understanding things.(B)Government in the United States
27、have long looked to Canada as a leading light of health care fairness and equity. From a distance, Canada may seem to have it all: modern medicine and universal insurance. Up close, the story is quite different. On June 9, the Supreme Court of Canada called the system dangerous and deadly, striking
28、down key laws and turning the countrys vaunted health care system on its head.The Supreme Court of Canada is arguably the most liberal high court in the Western world, having recently endorsed the constitutionality of gay marriage and medical marijuana. Most legal scholars expressed surprise that th
29、e justices even agreed to hear this appeal of a health care case twice dismissed by lower courts. Involving a man who waited almost a year for a hip replacement, the bench decided that the province of Quebec has no right to restrict the freedom of a person to purchase health care or health insurance
30、. In doing so, they struck down two Quebec laws, overturning a 30-year ban on private medicine in the province.This outcome would not have been possible without the persistence of one man: Jacques Chaoulli. A Montreal physician, Chaoulli was so angered when a government bureaucrat shut down his priv
31、ate family practice that he went on a hunger strike. After a month, he gave up and decided that only the courts could help his fight. With an eye on a legal challenge, Chaoulli tried his hand at law schoolbut flunked out after a semester. Undeterred, he sought the help of various organizations to su
32、pport his efforts. None would. He decided to proceed anyway, choosing to represent himself. His legal fight, costing more than a half million dollars, was funded largely by his Japanese father-in-law. But Chaoulli was not completely alone. He asked one of his patients for help. A former chemical sal
33、esman with a bad hip, the patient agreed. Their argument was simple: Quebecs ban on private insurance caused unnecessary suffering since waiting lists have grown so long for basic care. The woes of Chaoullis patient are all too common. Canadians wait for practically any diagnostic test, surgical pro
34、cedure, or specialist consultation. Many cant even arrange general care. In Norwood, Ontario, for example, one family doctor serves the entire town, and he can only take 50 new patients a year. The town holds an annual lottery to choose the lucky 50.According to Statistics Canada, approximately 1.2
35、million Canadians lack a family doctor and are looking for one. Others seek more urgent care. Toronto was shaken recently when the media reported that a retired hockey legend was forced to wait more than a month for life-saving chemotherapy because of a bed shortage at the largest cancer hospital in
36、 the country.42.According to the passage, which of the following is true of Canada?( )A. Gay marriage is legal in it.B. Its health care system is the best in the world.C. Its health care system has experienced a setback.D. Its justices are the most liberal in the world.43.Why were the legal scholars
37、 surprised when the justices heard the appeal of the health care case twice? ( )A. The case was dismissed by lower courts.B. They thought the case was a small one.C. The justices failed to decide the case when they first heard the appeal.D. The case was misrepresented.44.EXCEPT FOR _, the following
38、may contribute to the ending of two Quebec laws and the lifting of a ban on private medicine in the province.( )A. ChaoulliB. a former chemical salesmanC. a family doctor in Norwood, OntarioD. the Supreme Court of Canada45.The phrase “flunked out” in line 1, paragraph 4, is closest in meaning to _.(
39、 )A. quittedB. gave upC. was dismissedD. dropped out46.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?( )A. Canadian medical specialists are not ready to give advice to their patients.B. Many things are decided by lot in Norwood, Ontario.C. Canadian hospitals are usually short of beds for patient
40、s.D. Many Canadians are seeking private medicine.Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage.(10%)The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on whi
41、ch the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film. As in a camera, the image on the retina is inverted.Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera, the lens moves backwar
42、d and forward. In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera.Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable apert
43、ure. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light.Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light, shade and color. The film records light, shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a thre
44、e-dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image.The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye.
45、Camera VS EyeSimilaritiesDifferences1. Both need 47 to work and the images are both 48 .2. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed.3. Both have a lens.4. Both have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens.5. Both are sensitive to light, shade and color
46、.1.The image is formed on the retina in the eye but on the film in the camera.2.To focus an image on the sensitive surface, 49 in the eye is changed while the lens in the camera moves back and forth.3.The eyes perceive a 50 image while the camera lens produces a 51 image.PART D: WRITING.Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the idea according to the Chinese outline given below.(15%)52.Modern Technology and Our Life1) 现代技术越来越发达，与人们的生活联系愈来愈紧密。2) 现代技术给人们生活带来许多便利。3) 然而，必须指出，现代技术也给我们的生活带来了某种危害（举例说明）。