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1、2023年1 2月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information
2、. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Once I learn how to use Google, isnt that all the education I really need?”Part II Listening Comprehension 说明：2023年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全同样，只是选项的顺序不同样而已，故在本套中不再反复给出。Section B Directions: In this section, you are going t
3、o read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking th
4、e corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. A Mess on the Ladder of SuccessA)Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of Euro
5、pean settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies （大草原）, drain the swamps and build new cities.B)By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the U.S. had a mild panic attack. What would this energetic
6、, entrepreneurial country be without new lands to conquer? Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc.), but eventually, in industrialization, the U.S. found a new narrative of economic mobility at home. From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved fr
7、om farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an o
8、ld persons migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants.C)For the last 20 years from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade the U.S. has been casting about for its next economic narrati
9、ve. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the work force but particularly for its youngest members. D)The U.S. has always been a remarkably itinerant country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in record
10、ed history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages（抵押贷款）, but many young people who dont own homes and dont yet have families are staying put, too. This suggests, among other things, that people arent packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to. R
11、ather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus （与相对）everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes: the mobile and immobile.E)Part of the problem is that the countrys largest industries are in decline. In the past, it was perfectly clear where young people
12、should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s) and, more or less, what theyd be doing when they got there (killing steer, building cars, selling oil). And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskilled laborer to manage
13、r or engineer. Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small (though some promise future growth) and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along the southern I-85 cor
14、ridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities. (You dont need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg to get a job in one of the microhubs（微中心）, by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B.A. in computer science or a year or two at a tec
15、hnical school.) This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power.F)Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the grim headlines. If you have no specialized skills, theres little r
16、eason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a burgeoning green-energy cluster. The surprise in the census（普查） data, however, is that the immobile work force is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree.G)Until now,
17、a B.A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelors degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor
18、 of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-exalted schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging i
19、ndustries need, whether technical or not.H)Those without such specialized skills like poetry, or even history, majors are already competing with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled lab
20、or market atomized into thousands of microeconomies, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills.I)So what,exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, its hard to say, since the U.S. doesnt have one clear natio
21、nal project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnologys（纳米技术） moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.) Its not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even
22、 be valuable in a decade.J)What is clear is that all sorts of government issues education, health-insurance portability, worker retraining are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. Its in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are
23、 able to move toward opportunity, and Americas ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. (As recently as five years ago, U.S. migration was twice the rate of European Union states.) That, at least, is some comfort at a time w
24、hen our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.这篇文章我在网上找到的，是Adam Davidsons latest New York Times Magazine column, A Mess On The Ladder Of Success. January 18, 2023 讲解的时候可以告诉学生，提醒学生阅读国外报刊的必要性。46. Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its
25、holder. 47. The census data is surprising in that college graduates are also among the immobile workforce.49. The migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young. 50. America is better at innovation than most other rich nations. 51. Early American history is on
26、e of moving outward. 52. Young people dont know what to learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now. 53. Computer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing. 54. When the frontier vanished abou
27、t a century ago, America found new economic mobility in industrialization. 55. America today can be divided into two classes: those who move and those who dont. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each o
28、f them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 56 t0 60 are based on the following passage. A new study shows a large gender gap on economic p
29、olicy among the nations professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public. “As a group, we are pro-market,” says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involv
30、ement in economic activity than our male colleagues.” “Its very puzzling,” says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I dont ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side.” A native of France, de
31、Rugy supported government intervention（干预） early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals less poverty, more health care but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.” Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for
32、 Economic Policy and Re- search, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each others anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders,“are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,” he says.
33、 The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates（博 士学位） now go to women.“More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,” May says. Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that
34、Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high. The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of i
35、ndividuals skills, experience and voices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral. 56. What is
36、 the finding of the new study? A) The gender divide is a big concern of the general public, B) Men and women understand economics quite differently, C) The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed. D) Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy. 57. What does Ann M
37、ari May say about female economists? A) They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession. B) They tend to support government intervention in economic activity. C) They usually play an active role in public policy-making. D) They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy
38、. 58. What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy? A) She represents most female economists standpoint. B) She devotes herself to eliminating womens poverty. C) Her study of economics changed her view on governments role in economic activities. D) Her academic background helped her get into t
39、he inner circle of the economics profession. 59. What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making? A) More female economists should get involved, B) It should do justice to female economists studies. C) More attention should be paid to womens rights. D) It should aim at sustainable developmen
40、t. 60. On what issue do male and female economists differ most? A) Government regulation. B) Job creation. C) Military spending. D) Gender equality. Passage Two Questions 61 t0 65 are based on the following passage. The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK
41、universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the governments immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain. Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm
42、 among UK vice-chancellors（大学行政主管）”The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathe
43、matics.” “Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research,” Beall said. Universities get a third of their tuition（学费） fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors
44、 that this revenue as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring is being put at risk. Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experienc
45、e and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere. Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK hous
46、e prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students right to work during and after their studies. Beall said: “Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK
47、, and in particular postgraduate students who are so important to the UKs research output. The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international
48、students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK.” 61. What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK? A) The increase in tuition and fees. B) The ever-rising living expenses. C) Changed immigration policies. D) Universities tightened
49、 budgets. 62. What is UK vice-chancellors biggest concern? A) How to obtain financial support from the government. B) How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions. C) How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities. D) How to stimulate the creativity of their research teams. 63. Why