《2022年分析化学第五章试题及参考答案 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年分析化学第五章试题及参考答案 .pdf(18页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第五章 思考题与习题1写出下列各酸的共轭碱:H2O,H2C2O4,H2PO4-,HCO3-,C6H5OH,C6H5NH3+,HS-,Fe(H2O)63+,R-NH+CH2COOH.答:H2O 的共轭碱为OH-;H2C2O4的共轭碱为HC2O4-;H2PO4-的共轭碱为HPO42-;HCO3-的共轭碱为CO32-;C6H5OH 的共轭碱为C6H5O-;C6H5NH3+的共轭碱为C6H5NH2;HS-的共轭碱为S2-;Fe(H2O)63+的共轭碱为Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+;R-NH2+CH2COOH 的共轭碱为R-NHCH2COOH。2.写出下列各碱的共轭酸:H2O,NO3-,HSO4-,S2
2、-,C6H5O-,Cu(H2O)2(OH)2,(CH2)6N4,RNHCH2COO-,COO-COO-。答:H2O 的共轭酸为H+;NO3-的共轭酸为HNO3;HSO4-的共轭酸为H2SO4;S2的共轭酸为HS-;C6H5O-的共轭酸为C6H5OH Cu(H2O)2(OH)2的共轭酸为Cu(H2O)3(OH)+;(CH2)6N4的共轭酸为(CH2)4N4H+;R NHCH2COO-的共轭酸为RNHCHCOOH,COO-COO-的共轭酸为COO-COO-H3 根据物料平衡和电荷平衡写出(1)(NH4)2CO3,(2)NH4HCO3溶液的PBE,浓度为 c(mol L-1)。答:(1)MBE:NH
3、4+NH3=2c;H2CO3+HCO3-+CO32-=c CBE:NH4+H+=OH-+HCO3-+2CO32-PBE:H+2H2CO3+HCO3-=NH3+OH-(2)MBE:NH4+NH3=c;H2CO3+HCO3-+CO32-=c CBE:NH4+H+=OH-+HCO3-+2CO32-PBE:H+H2CO3=NH3+OH-+CO32-4写出下列酸碱组分的MBE、CEB 和 PBE(设定质子参考水准直接写出),浓度为c(mol L-1)。(1)KHP(2)NaNH4HPO4(3)NH4H2PO4(4)NH4CN 答:(1)MBE:K+=c H2P+HP-+P2-=c CBE:K+H+=2P
4、2-+OH-+HP-PBE:H+H2P=P2-+OH-(2)MBE:Na+=NH4+=c H2PO4-+H3PO4+HPO42-+PO43-=c CBE:Na+NH4+H+=OH-+H2PO4-+2HPO42-+3PO43-PBE:H+H2PO4-+2H3PO4=OH-+NH3+PO43-(3)MBE:NH4+=c H3PO4+H2PO4-+HPO42-+PO43-=c CBE:NH4+H+=H2PO4+2HPO42-+3PO43-+OH-PBE:H+H3PO4=OH-+NH3+HPO42-+2PO43-(4)MBE:NH4+=c CN-+HCN=c CBE:NH4+H+=OH-+CN-PBE
5、:HCN+H+=NH3+OH-5.(1)讨论两种一元弱酸混合溶液的酸碱平衡问题,推导其H+浓度计算公式。(2)0.10 mol L-1NH4Cl 和 0.10 molL-1H3BO3混合液的pH 值。答:(1)设 HB1和 HB2分别为两种一元弱酸,浓度分别为CHB1和 CHB2 mol L-1。两种酸的混合液的PBE 为:H+=OH-+B1-+B2-混合液是酸性,忽略水的电离,即OH-项可忽略,并代入有关平衡常数式得如下近似式2121HKHBHKHBHHBHB2121HBHBKHBKHBH(1)当两种都较弱,可忽略其离解的影响,HB1 CHB1,HB2CHB2。式(1)简化为2211HBHB
6、HBHBKCKCH(2)若两种酸都不太弱,先由式(2)近似求得 H+,对式(1)进行逐步逼近求解。(2)5108.13NHK10514106.5108.1/100.1/34NHWNHKKK10108.533BOHK根据公式2211HBHBHBHBKCKCH得:LmolKCKCHHBHBHBHB/1007.1108.51.0106.51.0510102211pH=lg1.07 10-5=4.97 6根据图53 说明 NaH2PO4Na2HPO4缓冲溶液适用的pH 范围。答:范围为7.21。7若要配制(1)pH=3.0,(2)pH=4.0 的缓冲溶液,现有下列物质,问应该选那种缓冲体系?有关常数见
7、附录一之表1。(1)COO-COO-(2)HCOOH(3)CH2ClCOOH(4)NH3+CH2COOH(氨基乙酸盐)答:(1)pKa1=2.95 pKa2=5.41 故 pH=(pKa1+pKa2)/2=(2.95+5.41)/2=4.18(2)pKa=3.74(3)pKa=2.86(4)pKa1=2.35 pKa2=9.60 故 pH=(pKa1+pKa2)/2=(2.35+9.60)/2=5.98 所以配制pH=3.0 的溶液须选(2),(3);配制 pH=4.0 须选(1),(2)。8下列酸碱溶液浓度均为0.10 molL-1,能否采用等浓度的滴定剂直接准确进行滴定?文档编码:CU3F
8、1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3
9、ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F
10、1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3
11、ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F
12、1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3
13、ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F
14、1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1文档编码:CU3F1I6S5T9 HW7O3U9H8G3 ZO2D4X3C2N1(1)HF(2)KHP(3)NH3+CH2COONa(4)NaHS(5)NaHCO3(6)(CH2)6N4(7)(CH2)6N4HCl(8)CH3NH2 答:(1)Ka=7.210-4,CspKa=0.17.210-4=7.210-510-8(2)Ka2=3.910-6,CspKa2=0.13.910-6=3.910-710-8(3)Ka2=2.510-10,CspKa2=0
15、.12.5 10-10=2.5 10-1110-8(5)Ka2=5.610-11,Kb1=Kw/Ka2=1.010-14/5.6 10-11=1.810-4,CspKb1=0.1 1.8 10-4=1.8 10-510-8(6)Kb=1.410-9,CspKb=0.1 1.410-9=1.410-1010-8(8)Kb=4.210-4,CspKb=0.1 4.210-4=4.210-510-8根据 CspKa10-8可直接滴定,查表计算只(3)、(6)不能直接准确滴定,其余可直接滴定。9强碱(酸)滴定一元弱酸(碱),cspKa(Kb)10-8就可以直接准确滴定。如果用Kt表示滴定反应的形成常数
16、,那么该反应的cspKt应为多少?解:因为 CspKa10-8,Ka=Kt?Kw,故:CspKt10610为什么一般都用强酸(碱)溶液作酸(碱)标准溶液?为什么酸(碱)标准溶液的浓度不宜太浓或太稀?答:用强酸或强碱作滴定剂时,其滴定反应为:H+OH-=H2O Kt=1OHH=WK1=1.01014(25)此类滴定反应的平衡常数Kt相当大,反应进行的十分完全。但酸(碱)标准溶液的浓度太浓时,滴定终点时过量的体积一定,因而误差增大;若太稀,终点时指示剂变色不明显,故滴定的体积也会增大,致使误差增大。故酸(碱)标准溶液的浓度均不宜太浓或太稀。11下列多元酸(碱)、混合酸(碱)溶液中每种酸(碱)的分析
17、浓度均为0.10 molL-1(标明的除外),能否用等浓度的滴定剂准确进行分布滴定或分别滴定?如能直接滴定(包括滴总量),根据计算的pHsp选择适宜的指示剂。(1)H3AsO4(2)H2C2O4(3)0.40 mol L-1乙二胺(4)NaOH+(CH2)6N4(5)邻苯二甲酸(6)联氨(7)H2SO4+H3PO4(8)乙胺+吡啶答:根据 CspKa(Kb)10-8,p Csp+pKa(Kb)8 及 Ka1/Ka2105,p Ka1-p Ka25 可直接计算得知是否可进行滴定。(1)H3AsO4Ka1=6.310-3,pKa1=2.20;Ka2=1.010-7,pKa2=7.00;Ka3=3.
18、210-12,pKa3=11.50.故可直接滴定一级和二级,三级不能滴定。pHsp=21(pKa1+pKa2)=4.60 溴甲酚绿;pHsp=21(pKa2+pKa3)=9.25 酚酞。文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档
19、编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N
20、10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F
21、2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4
22、文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F
23、4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G
24、3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4(2)H2C2O4 pKa1=1.22;pKa2=4.19 pHsp=14-p
25、cKb1/2=14+(lg0.1/3-14+4.19)=8.36 Ka1/Ka210-8pHsp=pcKa1/2=(lg0.4/3+14-7.15)/2=2.99 故可同时滴定一、二级,甲基黄,由黄色变为红色;(4)NaOH+(CH2)6N4 pKb=8.85 pHsp=14-pcKb/2=14+(lg0.1/2-8.85)/2=8.92 故可直接滴定NaOH,酚酞,有无色变为红色;(5)邻苯二甲酸pKa1=2.95;pKa2=5.41 pHsp=pKW-pcKb1/2=14+lg0.05-(14-5.41)/2=8.90 故可直接滴定一、二级氢,酚酞,由无色变为红色;(6)联氨pKb1=5.
26、52;pKb2=14.12 pHsp=pcKa2/2=(-lg0.1/2+14-5.52)/2=6.22 故可直接滴定一级,甲基红,由黄色变为红色;(7)H2SO4+H3PO4 pHsp=(pcKa1Ka2/(c+Ka1)/2=4.70 甲基红,由黄色变为红色pHsp=(p(Ka2(cKa3+Kaw)/c/2=9.66 故可直接滴定到磷酸二氢盐、磷酸一氢盐,酚酞,由无色变为红色;(8)乙胺+吡啶pKb1=3.25 pKb2=8.77 pHsp=pcKa/2=(-lg0.1/2+14-3.25)/2=6.03 故可直接滴定乙胺,甲基红,由红色变为黄色。12HCl 与 HAc 的混合溶液(浓度均为
27、0.10 mol L-1),能否以甲基橙为指示剂?用0.1000 molL-1 NaOH 溶液直接滴定其中的HCl,此时有多少HAc 参与了反应?解:C1=0.10mol?L-1,Ka2=1.810-5,所以(1)不能以甲基橙为指示剂准确滴定HCl(2)因为甲基橙的变色范围为3.14.4 所以当 pH=4.0 时为变色转折点pH=pKa+lgHAA4.0=4.74+lg%1.0%xxx%=15%13今有H2SO4和(NH4)2SO4的混合溶液,浓度均为0.050 mol L-1,欲用0.1000 mol L-1NaOH 溶液滴定,试问:(1)能否准确滴定其中的H2SO4?为什么?采用什么指示剂
28、?(2)如何用酸碱滴定法测定混合溶液中(NH4)2SO4的含量?指示剂又是什么?解:(1)能。因为 H2SO4的第二步电离常数pKa2=2.00,而 NH4+的电离常数pKa=9.26,所以能完全准确滴定其中的H2SO4,可以采用甲基橙或酚酞作指示剂。(2)可以用蒸馏法,即向混合溶液中加入过量的浓碱溶液,加热使NH3逸出,并用过量的 H3BO3溶液吸收,然后用HCl 标准溶液滴定H3BO3吸收液:OHNHOHNH234NH3+H3BO3=NH4+H2BO3-H+H2BO3-=H3BO3文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4
29、N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3
30、F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P
31、4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9
32、F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4
33、G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V
34、6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9
35、W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4终点的产物是H3BO3和 NH4+(混合弱酸),pH 5,可用甲基橙作指示剂,按下式计算含量:424424)()()(2)(SONHHClSONHcVcVw14判断下列情况对测定结果的影响:(1)用混有少量的邻苯二甲酸的邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定NaOH 溶液的浓度;(2)用吸收了CO2的 NaOH 标准溶液滴定H3PO4至第一计量点;继续滴定至第二计量点时,对测定结果各如何影响
36、?答:(1)使测定值偏小。(2)使第一计量点测定值不影响,第二计量点偏大。15一试液可能是NaOH、NaHCO3、Na2CO3或它们的固体混合物的溶液。用20.00mL0.1000 molL-1HCl 标准溶液,以酚酞为指示剂可滴定至终点。问在下列情况下,继以甲基橙作指示剂滴定至终点,还需加入多少毫升HCl 溶液?第三种情况试液的组成如何?(1)试液中所含NaOH 与 Na2CO3、物质的量比为3 1;(2)原固体试样中所含NaHCO3和 NaOH 的物质量比为21;(3)加入甲基橙后滴半滴HCl 溶液,试液即成重点颜色。答:(1)还需加入HCl 为;20.00 4=5.00mL(2)还需加入
37、HCl 为:20.002=40.00mL(3)由 NaOH 组成。16用酸碱滴定法测定下述物质的含量,当它们均按指定的方程式进行反应时,被测物质与 H+的物质的量之比各是多少?(1)Na2CO3,Al2(CO3)3,CaCO3(CO32-+2H+=CO2+H2O)。(2)Na2B4O710H2O,B2O3,NaBO24H2O,B(B4O72-+2H+5H2O=4H3BO3)。答:(1)物质的量之比分别为:1 2、16、1 2。(2)物质的量之比分别为:12、1、。17酸碱滴定法选择指示剂时可以不考虑的因素:A.滴定突跃的范围;B.指示剂的变色范围;C.指示剂的颜色变化;D.指示剂相对分子质量的
38、大小E滴定方向答:选D 18计算下列各溶液的pH:(1)2.0 10-7 mol L-1HCl(2)0.020 molL-1 H2SO4(3)0.10 mol L-1NH4Cl(4)0.025 molL-1HCOOH(5)1.010-4 mol L-1 HCN(6)1.0 10-4 mol L-1NaCN(7)0.10 mol L-1(CH2)6N4(8)0.10 molL-1NH4CN(9)0.010 mol L-1KHP(10)0.10 molL-1Na2S(11)0.10 mol L-1NH3CH2COOH(氨基乙酸盐)解:(1)pH=7-lg2=6.62(2)2100.102.08)1
39、00.102.0()100.102.0(2222H=5.123210文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE
40、9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1
41、T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:
42、CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10
43、HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 Z
44、A1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编
45、码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4pH=lgH+=1.59(3)H+=WaKCK=614101048.7100.1106.510.0pH=-lgH+=5.13(4)H+=aCK=34101.21084.1025.0pH=-lgH+
46、=2.69(5)H+=aCK=71041068.2102.7100.1pH=-lgH+=6.54(6)OH-=bCK5101441074.3102.7100.1100.1pOH=4.51 pH=9.49(7)OH-=bCK591018.1104.11.0pOH=4.93 pH=9.07(8)OH-=10)()()(1035.6)(4HCNWNHHCNaKaCKCKaKpH=9.20(9)10514631421221105.11055.6100.1109.3101.1100.1aawbbKKKKKOHpOH=9.82 pH=4.18(10)OH-=1bCK91.0102.1/100.11.015
47、14pOH=0.04 pH=13.96(11)H+=2311012.2105.41.0aCKpH=1.67 19计算 0.010 molL-1H3PO4溶液中(1)HPO42-,(2)PO43-的浓度解:1aCK。=3106.701.040Ka2Ka2Ka2且 CKa1=0.017.610-3 H3PO4的第二级、第三级解离和水的解离均又被忽略。于是可以按一元酸来处理,又因为400106.701.031KaC文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9
48、F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4
49、G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V
50、6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9W9F4N10 HE9H1G4G3F2 ZA1T7K3V6P4文档编码:CS8N9