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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载20XX 年高考英语专题复习英语阅读懂得技巧油田一中 惠彦锋 分析题干才能训练 体裁分析才能训练 猜词才能训练 猜答案才能训练 教学内容 1“ 指读”2“ 声读”3“ 译读”4“ 回读”5“ 析读”6“ 参照读”7“ 视幅过窄”8“ 毛病” （bad habits） : 教学过程中,发觉同学在阅读经常做些不利于阅读的坏动作；有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等；摒弃不良的阅读习惯；高考英语考试中阅读懂得的文章一般有这样几种文体,即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文；不同的文 体有不同的段落组织
2、方式和脉络层次；记叙文往往按时间次序绽开段落,文章有明显表示时间先后的词语；阅读时抓住时间这条主线,弄清 who、what、where、why 与 how ；描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特点、性质； 对这种文章要快速弄清其主题,主题词往往显现在各个句子里,贯穿文章的始末；紧环绕这个主题进行阅读,找到文章与之有关的信息,并确定信息与主题的关 系；说明文多见于科普文章,用以说明或揭示事物的状态、特点、演化、 结果及其相互之间的关系,这类文体的文章,首句往往是主题句,开门见山,说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与 主题的关系；体裁分析才能 论述文的阅
3、读难在这种文章到处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度；阅读论述文应当从文体的写作和结构特点入手 . 文章的结构往往简单把握,用主题句开门见山；作者往往通过信号词signal words 或 transitional words 和关联词referents 来组织段落、文章 .对信号词的快速反应和对关联词的精确判定是至关重要的；要特殊留意区分作者的 观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点,同时留意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情颜色的词汇；体裁分析才能 细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1Which of the following is NOT true according to the information
4、 in the passage. 2 The author mentions all of the following except . . . 3Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage. 4The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _. 5 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage. 6 What is the example of . . . as descri
5、bed in the passage. 7 The reason for . . .is . . . 8 According to the passage, when where, why, how, who, etc. . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载9From the passage we know that _. 10In the passage, the author states that _. 分析题干才能 细节懂得题：细节懂得题就是我们常见的 wh-题,它们大多是依据 文章中的
6、详细信息如事实、例证、缘由、过程、论述等进 有些就要我们在懂得的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到,比 行提问的； 有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案,如运算、排序、是非判定、图形比较等；做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子,再对 相关的部分进行细读,找出正确答案；1、是非题出题形式：a.三正一误：Which of the following is true except . Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三误一正：Which of the following is true. 这种做题方法主要与三正一误的以下问法相联系：
7、Which of the following mentioned except而且往往无列举标志词,如 first ,second,third 等；Which of the following is not mentioned .这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续显现在同一段,做题时只需阅读有关段落,依据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案；分析题干才能2、例证题例子为高考阅读懂得的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为 : The author provides in line 或 Paragraph an example in order to 意
8、思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的；文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明肯定的道理；关键在于这个例子在原文显现的位置,但不管如何, 这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的；假如例子与全文主题有关,就例证主题,答案为主题句；假如例子与段落主题有关,就例证段落主题,就答案为段落主题句；此外,答案为 例子前后总结说明性的话；分析题干才能3、岁月与数字 : 这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式显现,只要题干问岁月与数字,答案就对应于文 章中的岁月与数字；4、比较 : 比较考点的表现形式主要有：a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构；b.表示确定意义的字眼：
9、first 第一 ,least最不 ,most最等；c.表示惟一性的词汇：only, unique 等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和确定意义的词汇,便于做题时回原文定位；分析题干才能5、缘由：这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示：result, reason; result in 结果 ,result from 由于,base on 以 为基础 ,be due to 由于 ；because, for, why; as a result, consequently 等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
10、- - 阅读时对这些提示词应当予以留意；学习好资料欢迎下载后说结果, 而在题干中通常给出结果,原文相关句显现的格式都是先说缘由,就其缘由提问；分析题干才能Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “ Stars Tonight” ,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991,appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong
11、 when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However,it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on
12、the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.“ It s really a hard job for me. I won t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This t
13、ime, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true.A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo L
14、in to become Miss Asia.解析： A、C 和 D 都可在原文找到答案, 而 B 项原文列的是：taken to Hong Kong 可判定不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents ,因此选 B；return 主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）The general/main idea of the passage is about _2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage ？3）In this passage the author discusses pr
15、imarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _5）The passage is mainly concerned about _6）What is the main topic of the passage ？7）What is the best title for the passage？8）The subject discussed in this text is _ 9）The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to . 11）The pu
16、rpo se of this article is to 分析题干才能 在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考；1.仔细阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子；2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述；抓住反复显现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词；（04 年全国卷1（河南等） E 篇中 major 显现过八次,尽管其词性、词义有所不同,但它就是关键词）3.文章或段落的主题句经常会显现在一些标志性的提示后；例如： On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above , I
17、would support the idea thatFor all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer把握了找主题句的方法,就可以依据主题句归纳主题；但归纳主题简单显现以下三种错误,需要同学们留意；1以偏概全；即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题；2过于笼统；即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证；3把观点强加给作者；读者往往依据自己的常识对文章进行判定而忽视了作者的见解；分析题干才能名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载如何查找
18、主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and
19、 fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首一个主题句经常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子就是论证性细节；在论说文, 科技文献和新闻报道中多采纳这种格式；Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on t
20、heir own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会显现在段尾；作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证 , 最终自然得出结论, 即段落的主题；本段的中心思想在结尾句得到表达,它是此段内容的结论；Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes
21、 flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. （3）在短文中间
22、当主题句被支配在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎规律的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的说明, 支撑或进展 . return 有关推理的试题经常包括以下类型：1 It can be inferred from the text that _.2 From the text we know that _.3 The story implies that _.4 The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5 The writer s attitude toward.is _. 6The
23、author implied （suggested）that7It may be concluded from the passage that 8Which of the following statements does the passage support ？9With which of the following does the author agree？分析题干才能 考作者观点态度的提问方式有：1The author seems to think that _. 2The writer is trying to present a point of view in _. 3The
24、 author wants to appeal to _ . 4The authors style is _ . s tone would be best described as _ . 5The author6What is the authors opinion of _.7The writer believe that_. 8 What is the authors main purpose in the passage. 9）In the authors opinion_. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
25、 学习好资料 欢迎下载 分析题干才能 推断题 1.解推断题应留意：1不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；2推理的依据来自于上下文；2.解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是依据词义关系推断详细细节；确定作者态度,可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的 包括主题 ,可以依据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作 者的态度；2、假如问的是对某一详细事物的态度,就可以定位到详细相关句,然后确定答案；分析题干才能 Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant dozen roac
26、hes 蟑螂 and two spiders.”,“ I need two small mice and about five “ What do you need these things for.”the shop assistant was very surprised.“ Well,” replied the man,“ I m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it. ”Q：
27、 The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlord所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析： 他要搬出所租的房子,而房东要求房屋必需是他租进来时的原样,进行“ 复原”,因此推出答案为D；Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good lu
28、ck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK,they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He i
29、s never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them,it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn t ask questions；he answers questions. He never says,“ I
30、 dont know. ”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff.A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度,特殊是Even if he does miss them,it is always the fault of the
31、buses or the airplanes. 误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥笑,也是示意他对Mr. Neff 的讨厌之情；答案为D；return 如何依据上下文判定词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：1）The underlined word （ phrase）in the passage means _2）The word it （them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载3）The underl
32、ined sentence in the last paragraph means _4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？分析题干才能（一）依据常识、体会猜生词例如：The old man put on his spectacles and began to readThe door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel 猜词才能（二）依据上下文说明做出判定：其方法主要有：1依据文中的定义、说
33、明猜生词；例如：Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefullyThe harbor is protected by a jetty a wall built out into the water 2利用事例或说明猜生词；例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复说明的信息猜生词；例如：Mr. Smith always arrives ho
34、me punctually ,neither early nor late 猜词才能4依据同位关系进行判定：阅读中显现一些难词,有时后面就是一个同位语,对前面的词进行说明,这种说明有时也用连词“or” 连接；a）（NMET2001 ,D 篇）,and other Germanic and Nordic peoples ,who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon （or Old English ）,a Germanic languageb）（NMET2002 ,A 篇） The Chunnel , a tunnel（隧道） connecting England
35、 and France,is now complete 猜词才能（三）利用标点符号和提示词推测词义One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizing saying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study of chemistry ,known as alchemy, grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD猜词才能（四）依据上下文的指代关系进行挑选 文章中的代词 it ,that,he,him 或 t
36、hem 可以指上文提到的人或物,其中 it 和 that 仍可以指一件事；有时代词指 代的对象相隔较远,要仔细查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事；例如（NMET2002 ,A 篇）原题第 57 题： What does the underlined word it （paragraph 2）refer to ？A Discovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner spaceCMeeting the moon people “againDTraveling to outer space原文： Howe
37、ver,the question that moon people asked is still an interesting one A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it 猜词才能 由此可以看出 it 指上句中的 the question,而 the question 又指第一段中 月球人 所提的问题；所以依据第一段中 的问题 Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space ？ 就可以判定出答案为 B
38、；（五）依据转折或对比关系进行判定依据上下句的连接词,如：but,however,otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含第 6 页,共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 义,来确定另一句的含义；分号（；）仍可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；He has been getting better,but during the night his condition deteriorated 猜词才能 六 依据因果关系进行判定依据缘由可以推测结果,依据结果也可以找出缘由；（NMET2
39、001 ,A 篇） Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted 猜词才能 后一句承接前一句,前一句的缘由导致后一句的结果；依据因果关系,停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化,所以 melted 的词义应为 溶化 ；（七）依据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判定英语中,有许多词可以在前面加前缀,后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是生词,但把握了 肯定的构词法学问,就不难猜出它的词义；例如（ NMET2002 ,B 篇） Market research sho
40、ws that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete猜词才能我们知道, prefer 的意思是 宁愿；情愿 ,依据上下文可以判定prefer 的名词形式preference 的含义应是 偏爱；爱好 ；依据近年来高考阅读懂得对同学们提出新的要求,建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1推测熟词新含义 例 1: The major marke
41、t force rests in t he growing population of white collar employees 白领雇员 ,who can afford the new service.例 2: “ It was the best night we had ever had ” , said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant. 推测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析才能外,仍要求同学们有较宽的学问面,对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法,并将这些词进行简要归纳整理； 2推测词性变换新词含义When men and
42、 women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago ,how could they even begin to picture modern life. 利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义,关键应在懂得原词的基础上,分析它的新词性,并结合原词含义发挥合抱负 象,从而概括抽象出它的新词义；猜词才能 反问法；确定词拒绝法 ;答案项中有确定语气词的一般不是正确答案项；这些语气词有 only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly 等；: must, always, never, the most, all, 怀疑词判定
43、法： 选项中含有不非常确定的语气词一般是正确答案项；这些语气词有 can, could, may, should, usually, might, most 大多数 , more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等；关键词对应法ABC=ABC法; ABC=A BC法 ; ABC=CBA法; ABC ABD 法 选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项；猜答案才能锅盖法：较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
44、7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载A. to be more successful in his career B. to solve technical problems C. to be more specialized in his field D. to develop his professional skill B“ 解决技术问题”；C“ 深化专业”；D“ 进展职业技能”；这三项表达的意思都比较详细,而 A 项就概括地有深 度,包括了 B、C、D 三项内容；选项中表达意义较详细的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项；猜答案才能 其他技巧：1.文长题少 2.文短题多 3. 重点读段首句和段未句,看是否有主题句 4.问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间 5. 抓关键词的方法 6.画下不懂的难句 猜答案才能名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页