《2022年高考英语分词常见的特殊用法.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高考英语分词常见的特殊用法.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一“ 悬垂分词 ”问题前节说过,分词 短语 有意义上的规律主语,它或是句子的主语,或者另有自己的主语,不然称这种分词为“ 悬垂分词 ” ,这样的句子一般认为是不能接受或错误的；【例如】Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.这句话听起来好象是那些山从窗户往外看； 这 Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.句话听起来好象是信件被颂扬； Sitti
2、ng under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton. 这句话听上去好象是某种思想坐在树下； 关于 “ 悬垂分词 ” 这条语法规章也有例外情形；下面几种情形中的分词 短语 ,不再认为它们是“ 悬垂分词 ” ,即句子是正确的；1 有些分词 短语 可用来表示说话人的态度,看问题的角度,或者对所表达的情形进行说明,它们便成了句子的独立成分,其规律主语也就不再是句子的主语；【例如】Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here. 严格地讲,谁也不答应在这儿；speaking 的规律主语并不是 nobo
3、dyJudging from his accent, he must be from the South. 从他的腔调判定,他肯定是南方人； 这句中不是 he 在 “ 判定 ”Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book. 总的来说,这本书没有问题；Taking all thingssintosconsideration, his work is a successful one. 全面考虑起来,他的工作仍是很胜利的；常常这样用的分词 分词词组 有： frankly broadly, generally, properly, strictly
4、 speaking, judging fromby ,talking about ,speaking of ,looking at ,taking into consideration, put frankly, taken 等；2 这样使用的有些分词,在句子中逐步起到连词或介词的作用,便把它们视为连词或介词；【例如】Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief. 就算他出于好意,他的行为也会引起极大不快；There were ten people in the room, incl
5、uding me. 屋子里有十个人,包括我在内； Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go. 要是我的费用有人代付,我就去；常常这样使用的分词有：admitting that, assuming that, barring, concerning, presuming, granting, pending, excepting, failing, saving, supposing that, touching, given, granted, providedthat 等；3 某些句子中作状语的分词的规律主语虽然不是句子的主语,但可能是句中的
6、另外某一成分,对这样的句子也不再认为是“ 悬垂分词 ” ；【例如】Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the fathers heart. 她父亲看到她健康快速恶化,很是慌张； 分词seeing的规律主语当然不是alarm,但它包含在宾语heart的定语fathers之中； His summer holidays were spent in the countryside, helping his father 名师归纳总结 with farm work.他在乡下过暑假,帮忙父亲干农活； 分词 helping的规律主语包含在主第
7、1 页,共 8 页语 holidays的定语his之中 以上句子之所以能被接受,是由于它们能清晰表达意思,不会引起误会,如第一句中alarm是抽象名词,不会误会为seeing的规律主语；其次句中主语holidays是无生命的名词,不行能误会为helping的规律主语；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4 假如句子谓语是被动语态,分词的规律主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中 有时这个执行者并未明确表示出来 ；这样的句子也可以被接受,而非“ 悬垂分词 ” ；【例如】Ideas can be expressed accurately and effect
8、ively, using simple sentences. 用简洁的句子可以精确有力地表达思想；Knowing as much as you do, the situation is easily explained. 像你这样明白情形,很简洁说明这一形势；以上两句中的分词 using和 knowing 的规律主语当然不是它们句子的主语 ideas 和 situation,而是没有明确表达出来的 express 和 explain 两个动作的执行者；二 解析分词的独立结构在分词作状语时,其规律主语一般应与句子的主语一样；假如不一样的话,分词前面可以带有自己的规律主语 名词或代词 ,构成分词的
9、独立结构 或称为带规律主语的分词结构 ；分词独立结构可表示相伴情形、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、缘由、条件等；【例如】The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it. 附加说明 She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms. 相伴动作 Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand. 相伴动作 They being blind men, how could th
10、ey see the elephants. =As they were blind men. 表示缘由 Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan. 表示缘由 A force acting through a distance, work is done. 表示条件 Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. 表示条件 because of the s
11、nowstorm, many All flightsshavingsbeen cancelled passengers could do nothing but take the train. there be句型和 it 也能引出分词独立结构,作状语修饰主句,there和 it 相当于分词的规律主语；【例如】There being nothing else to do, we went home. Thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered. It being impossible for most students to turn in t
12、heir papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _on benches, chairs or boxes. CET 4 2000,1 Ashavingsseated B seating C seated Dshavingsbeen seated 此题考察的是 with 引导的分词的独立结构,seat 一般用被动形式表示主动意思,所以用过去分词,答案为 C；se
13、at 可以用于如下句中：He came in and was seated in the chair. Please come in and be seated. So many directors_, the board meeting had to be put off. CET 4 2000,6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A were absent B being absent C been absent D had been absent 此题考察的是分词的独立结构 , 主语与分词之间是主谓关系,因此
14、挑选 B ；三 现在分词的完成被动式现在分词的完成被动式表示分词的动作发生在谓语的行为之前,且动作由规律主语所承担 即与规律主语是被动关系 ；【例如】Having been given such a good chance, he planned to work hard. Having been experimented several times, this new product will be putsintosmass production. All the compositionsshavingsbeen written and collected, the teacher dis
15、missed the students. 四 现在分词被动式的用法在表示一个被动动作时,假如这个动作正在进行,或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生,我们可以用现在分词的被动形式；【例如】The bridge being built now will be completed in three months.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory. Being surrounded by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one. I
16、f I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _. CET-4 1996,6 A to correct B correcting Cshavingscorrected D being corrected 句意为：假如我批判某个人,我会尽量保持幽默,自我掌握,像批判自己一样；one 为代词,后面的动词为其修饰成分,故用分词,而且 one 与 correct 之间是动宾关系,故用分词被动式,答案为 D ；五 现在分词完成式的用法现在分词的完成式主要用
17、在状语中,表示这个动作在谓语所表示的动作之前完成；【例如】Having succeeded in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the coming one. Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. Having finished his homework, the boy went to play computer game.Notshavingsmade adequate preparations, they
18、 thought it better to postpone the excursion till next week. 独立结构中也可以用现在分词的完成形式；【例如】His parentsshavingsdied, the orphan is now taken care of by the government. The guestsshavingsleft, they resumed their discussion. 名师归纳总结 六现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析第 3 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现在分词和过去分词主要
19、差别在于：现在分词表示“ 主动和进行” ,过去分词表示“ 被动和完成” 不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成 语等； ；分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或规律主1 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、缘由、结果、让步、相伴等；分词 做状语时,它的规律主语与句子的主语一样；作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句；【例如】Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of
20、 a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness. 分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语
21、的关系：主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词；【例如】Notshavingsenough hands, we turned to them for help.we dont have enough hands. Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. we are taught/teach us .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fig
22、hting for their final liberation. the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people_the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. CET-4 1996,6 Ashavingsbelieved B Believing C Believed D Being believed 本句意思为：信任地球是平的,很多人担忧哥伦布会从边上掉下去；很多人与信任之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系；因此,
23、应用现在分词,答案为B. always attract No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven large audiences. CET-4 1995,6 A performing B performed C to be performed D being performed 本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应当用过去分词,故答案为 B. _as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. CET-4 1996,1 A Bein
24、g published B Published C Publishing D To be published 本句中 as 引导的是让步状语从句,意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版,仍是引起了关注,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应当用过去分词,故答案为 B. 2 “while when, once, until, if , though 等连词 分词 ” 结构现在分词或过去分词作 等连词；状语时,有时可以在分词前加 while,when, once, although, until, if【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again an
25、d again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.If tran
26、slated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 3 分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面；现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词 即与名词有主谓关系 ,过去分词修饰承担该动作的名词 即与名词是动宾关系 ；【例如】We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us. We can see
27、the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries. The young sitting between my sister and my b
28、rother is my cousin Jack. As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _50 households or more. CET-4 1998,1 AshavingsB to have C to have had Dshavingshad Town 后面由分词做定语,而且 town 本身有 50 或以上人家,故 town 与分词间为主谓关系,应当用现在分词,答案为 A ；4 分词作宾语补足语现在分词在 see
29、, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance 等感官动词和 look at, listen to 等短语动词以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send 的成分；【例如】等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village. The little boy sat beside the railway lin
30、e and watched the trains roaring by. We should not leave him wondering what he should do. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. I caught him dozing off in class. 过去分词可以在 allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order,
31、permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge 动词等后面作宾语补足语；【例如】After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.You should keep her informed of what is going on here.The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination. 在动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, perceive,obs
32、erve, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语, 也可用不定式做补语；用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成；【例如】I saw Mr. White get off a bus. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I saw Mr. White lookingsintosa shop window. Do you hear someone knocking at the door. Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 5
33、 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用；现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人；【例如】The film“Pearl Harbor”is really exciting. I am excited about it. His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response. 七 分词练习题 附答案 1 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid
34、on expanding education, with girls as well boys_ to go to school. CET-4 1997,1 A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged 2 _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. CET-4 1997,6 A Other things
35、 being equal B Were other things equalC To be equal to other things D Other things to be equal 3All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. CET-4 1998,6 A considered B be considered C considering Dshavingsconsidered 4 The house was very quiet, _as it was on the side of a mountain. CET
36、-4 1999,6 A isolated B isolating C being isolated Dshavingsbeen isolated 5 This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. CET-4 1999,6 A being B been C to be Dshavingsbeen 6 Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Eu
37、rope until Columbus found it _ in Cuba. CET-4 2000,1 A being cultivated B been cultivated Cshavingscultivated D cultivating 7 _in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. CET-4 2000,1 A To look B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at 8 You will see this product _ wherever you go. CET
38、-4 2000,6 A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising 9 _in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. CET-4 2000,12 A To be judged the best Bshavingsjudged the best C Judged the best D Judging the best 10 From the dates _ on the
39、plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty. A marking Bshavingsbeen marked C marked D to be marked 11 She stood by the window, _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A thinking B think C thought D thinks 12 _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door. A Not wishi
40、ng B Wishing C Not wished D No wishing 13 The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper. A writing B to write C being written D write 14 It _ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room. A is B being C turned D got 15 _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain
41、does not seem high at all. A When compared B While comparing C Compare D Comparing 16 The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support. A held B holding C being holding D was holding 17 _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. Ashavingsdefeated
42、 B To have defeate Cshavingsbeen defeated D To have been defeated 18 _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school. A Accused of B Accusing of C To be accused of D That he was accused of 19 _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the de
43、af. A He is remembered B While being remembered C To be remembered D Though remembered 20 _ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job. A Given B Because C Giving D As 21 _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A If walking B While walking C Walking D When one is walking 22 I understood you were third-year students _ in English. A who majors B who major is C have majored D majoring 23 A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A mixed B mixing C to mix Dshavingsmixed 24 _ by the police, the kidnappers