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1、硕士入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an i
2、nherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the Univer
3、sity of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would
4、 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7 leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8 .Subsequentexperiments
5、reproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli, 9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto 10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11 orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12 newscientificadvances,
6、forinstance-butsometimessuch13 canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14 thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15 ,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16 howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17 toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssugge
7、stthatimaginingthe18 offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19 itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20 iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1. A. resolveB. protectC. discussD. ignore2.A. refuseB. waitC. seekD. re
8、gret3.A. riseB. lastC. misleadD. hurt4.A. alertB. tieC. exposeD .treat5.A. messageB. trialC. reviewD. concept6.A. removeB. weakenC. deliverD. interrupt7. A. UnlessB. IfC. ThoughD. When8. A. happenB. continueC. disappearD. change9. A. rather thanB. such asC. regardless ofD. owing to10. A. disagreeB.
9、forgiveC. forgetD. discover11. A. payB. marriageC. foodD. schooling12.A. begin withB. rest onC. learn fromD. lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC. persistenceD. diligence14.A. self-destructiveB. self-reliantC. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15.A. resistB. defineC. replaceD. trace16.A. predictB. overlook
10、C. designD. conceal17. A. rememberB. chooseC. promiseD. pretend18. A. reliefB. planC. outcomeD. duty19.A. whetherB. whyC. whereD. how20. A .limitationsB. investmentsC. strategiesD. consequencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eac
11、h text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high
12、school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning
13、 in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen
14、as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job s
15、ecurity that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: Thats
16、 not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when
17、 the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks
18、 Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A. mechanical memorization B. academi
19、c trainingC. practical ability D. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A. are financially disadvantaged B. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mind D. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school gr
20、aduates_.A. are entitled to more “educational privileges B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunities D. used to have big financial concerns 24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B. may narrow the gap in wo
21、rking-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.A. supportive B. disappointed C. tolerant D. cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughl
22、y 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitme
23、nt by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.I
24、n many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.
25、 In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he di
26、smissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to po
27、wer their data centers.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage-capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowing aroundthe clockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig bets o
28、n battery-powered electric vehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararity onroadsnow, thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincoming years. While theres alongwaytogo, thetrendlinesfor renewablearespiking.The paceof changeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintime to have a meani
29、ngful effect in slowing climate change. WhatWashingtondoes-or doesntdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeof a global shift in thought.26. The word plummeting(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to _A. stabilizing B. changing C. falling D. rising27.AccordingtoParagraph3, theuseofrenew
30、ableenergyin America_A.isprogressingnotably B.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallenges D.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_.A.windisawidelyusedenergysource B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29. Which of
31、 the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage. B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality. D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last
32、 paragraph that renewable energy _.A. will bring the US closer to other countries B. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is ast
33、onishing Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and fin
34、ely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who
35、 sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shop
36、s of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and
37、remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them.
38、The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the
39、 users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed； Gmail keep
40、s the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。Adigital products Buser information Cphysical assets Dquality service32 .Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities m
41、ay A. worsen political disputes B. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook users D. mislead the European commission33. According to the author，competition law A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot ke
42、ep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because A. they are no defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. these services are generally digital D. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is use
43、d to illustrate A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4 To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newp
44、ort, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dail
45、y ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less t
46、ime. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some wer