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1、Book 2Unit 1 Cultural relics1、He insists it belongs to his family.他坚持说这是他家的。动词insist后面所接的从句有两种情况，当表达“坚持要干某事”时，用虚拟语气；当表达“坚持认为（主张、想法和事实）”时，不用虚拟语气。Mother insisted that I（should）use the old bicycle. 妈妈坚持要我骑那辆旧自行车。（坚持要别人干，虚拟语气）He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。（坚持认为，真实语气）2、Frederick William , the
2、king of Prussia, could never have imagined that hisgreatest gift to the Russian people would have such a strange history.普鲁士国王威廉一世决不也许想到他送给俄罗斯人的礼物会有这样一段离弃的历史。情态动词+have done表达对过去发生的事的推测、批评、反悔等意。When you spoke in front of 300 people yesterday, you must have felt very nervous. 你昨天面对300人发言时，一定很紧张吧。（推测）Y
3、ou failed again in exam. You should have studied hard. 你考试又没有及格。你本来应当好好学习（批评）It is raining hard now. I neednt have watered the flower this morning. 下大雨啦！我本来不必给花浇水的。（反悔）3、Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape.加热后，琥珀可以被制作成各种形式。小结make的相关搭配：be made into 被制成；被做成be made from 由制成（原料看不见）be
4、 made of 由制成（原料看得见）be made up of 由组成Bamboo can be made into fine paper. 竹子可以制成优质纸。This bridge is made of stone. 这座桥是石料建的。（原料看得见）Some paper is made from bamboo. 有些纸是竹子做的。（原料看不见）Our school is made up of 30 classes. 我们学校是由30个班组成的。4、This was a time when the two countries were at war.这是在两国交战的时期。at the wa
5、r处在交战时期，英语中有些介词+名词后，可以表达状态。be at work在上班be at school在上学be at table在吃饭be on fire着火了be on duty在值班be on sale在销售中be in trouble在困难中be in danger在危险中be in debt欠债5、After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归成了一个迷。动词remain后接名词或形容词，意为“保持；继续；仍然”。They remain good friends e
6、ven though they entered different high schools. 他们尽管进入不同的高中就读，感情仍然很好。My English remains poor, so I must take a further step. 我的英语仍然很差，我必须采用进一步的措施。remain可用副词still（仍然）和all the same（仍然）来转换，如例2可转换为：My English is still poor, so I must take a further step.My English is poor all the same, so I must take a
7、further step.6、I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.我很欣赏那些为寻找琥珀屋而努力的人们。think highly of赞赏；高度评价=think much of=think well of反义词组：think little of或think nothing of=think ill ofThey all think highly of the picture on the wall. 他们都很欣赏墙上的那幅画。Some of us thought little of his speech at
8、 the yesterdays meeting. 我们有些人对他昨天在会议上的发言评价并不高。 语法：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课本P86P87重点词汇1、survive/live/exist/staystay为短期逗留，live为长期居住，exist是“存在”的意思，survive为continue tolive，remain alive after or live longer than sb.Although I dont live in this city, I want to stay here for another few days. 尽管我不是居住在这个城市，但我想在这儿
9、多呆几天。We cannot exist without air. 没有空气我们就不能生存。Luckily he survived the traffic accident. 车祸之后他幸免于死。（vt.）He survived his wife for five years. 他比他的妻子多活5年。（vt.）The custom still survives. 那风俗仍然流传着。survival n.幸存；逃生 survivor n.幸存者2、belong to 属于请判断以下四个句中哪一个是对的的？A This house belong to my uncle.B This car isn
10、t belong to my uncle.C This car belongs to mine.D Does it belong to her?对的的一个是D.3、search/in search of 寻找寻找有以下三种表达方法：search v.search some place for sthsearch for sth in some placesearch n.in search of试用以上三种方法翻译句子：警方正在森林里搜查被盗的小汽车。The police are searching in for a stolen car in the forest.The police ar
11、e searching the forest for a stolen car.The police are in search of the stolen car in the forest.4、fancy/imagine 想象fancy和imagine当动词用时都是“想象”的意思，可以换用，但imagine只能作动词，名词为imagination；而fancy既可以作动词，又可以作形容词。Can you fancy/imagine his crossing the strait in such a short time? 你能想象他在这么短的时间横渡海峡吗？（vt.）Dragons are
12、 creatures of Chinese fancy. 龙是中国人幻想出来的动物。（n.）There are many fancy goods in this shop. 这家商店有很多花哨商品。5、“怀疑”的几种表达法There is no doubt that our volleyball team will win the game.（n.） =We have no doubt that our volleyball team will win the game.（n.） =We dont doubt that our volleyball team will win the game
13、.（vt.） 毫无疑问，我们的排球队要赢。There is some doubt whether John will come here on time.（n.） =We have some doubt whether John will come here on time.（n.） =We doubt whether/if John will come here on time.（vt.） =We have doubtful whether/if John will come here on time.（adj.）我们怀疑约翰是否准时到这儿来。6、consider doing sth或con
14、sider+疑问词+to do是“考虑干某事”的意思consider to be（to do）认为consider接从句，根据上下文拟定意思。Im considering changing my job. 我正考虑调动工作。Have you considered how to get there? =Have you considered how you could get there? 你考虑过如何到达那里吗？We consider him（to be）a lazy worker.=We consider that he is a lazy worker. 我们认为他是懒惰的工人。7、pre
15、tend怎么用？pretend“假装”的意思，其后接名词、动词不定式或从句。He pretended to be sleeping.=He pretended that he was sleeping. 他假装在睡觉。He pretended sickness.=He pretended that he was sick. 他假装病了。Unit 2 The Olympic Games1、Every four years athletes from all over the world are admitted as competitors.每四年，来自全世界的运动员都可以参赛。be admit
16、ted as作为被接受；be admitted to被接受到某处He was admitted as member of the baseball team. 他被接受为棒球队的一名队员。They were admitted as Party members when they graduated from high school. 他们高中毕业时被接纳为党员。Children under 18 are not admitted to this film. 未满18岁的小孩不得入场看这部电影。How many students have been admitted to the school
17、this year? 今年有多少学生获准入学？2、All countries can take part if they reach the standard to be admitted to the games.所有国家都能参与比赛，只要他们达成了参赛的标准。take part之后不能接宾语，而take part in之后要接宾语。There is a basketball game this afternoon. Will you C?There is a basketball game for me to B this afternoon.Hot as it was, we D an
18、important meeting yesterday. A took part B take part in C take part D took part in3、A special village is built for competitors to live in, a stadium for competitions,a very large swimming pool, a gymnasium as well as seats for those that watchthe games.有一个特殊的村庄供参赛的人住，有供比赛用的体育场，有很大的游泳池，有室内体育馆，尚有观众席呢。
19、as well as和as well如何区别？as well意为“还，也”，相称于too，常位于句末。She went there as well.=She went there too. 她也到那儿去。He speaks English, and Chinese as well. 他既讲英语，又讲中文。as well as与as well同义，但常用来连接两个并列成分，强调的重点是第一个成分，假如连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数和第一个一致。On Sundays, his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast. 星期天他的女房东不仅
20、给他提供早餐，还提供晚餐。Mr. Smith, as well as his children has come to China. 史密斯先生和他的小孩一起来到了中国。4、I will only be married to a man who can run faster than I.我只嫁给比我跑得快的男人。get/be married to sb和某人结婚marry sb娶（嫁给）某人这两个短语都不能与介词with连用。She was married to a foreigner. 她嫁给了一个外国人。She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁给
21、了一个有钱人。My son married last month. He married Jean, a nice girl. 我儿子上个月结婚了。新娘是琼，一个非常好的女孩。5、Make sure you take turns to be a leader of your group so that everybody gets achance to talk for the group and become more confident in speaking English.要保证你们轮流做小组的负责人，这样人人都有机会代表小组发言，也就是大家讲英语更有信心了。take turns to
22、 do sth轮流做某事=do sth by turnsWe take turns to clean our classroom.=We clean our classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。be/become confident in doing sth=feel/be confident of sth对充满信心We are all confident of victory. 我们对胜利充满信心。The boy is confident in doing everything. 这男孩做什么事都自信。语法：被动语态的结构：主语+be动词的不同时态+过去分词（by）+其它
23、一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will be+过去分词+（by）+其它重点词汇1、take part in/join/join in/attend 参与这些词语都有“参与”的意思，但要注意区别：take part in 参与活动或会议join 参与某种组织，成为其中一员join（sb）in 和某人一起活动；陪某人做某事attend 出席或参与某种会议Her brother joined the army three years ago.Will you join us in the game?Most of us take an active part in sports every day.T
24、here is an important meeting for me to attend/take part in.Will you join me in a drink?（陪我喝酒）2、host vt. 做东；款待；主办；主持host n. 男主持人；男主人；东道主hostess n. 女主持人；女主人It is known that China will host the 2023 Olympic Games. It will be the hostcountry for the Olympic Games.众所周知，中国将主办2023年奥运会，成为主办国。Ill host all of
25、 you this evening. 今晚我做东款待你们大家。As you know, they are all good hosts. 他们很好客，你是知道的。3、a set of/a suit of 一套表达一套衣服时用a suit of或a set of，表达一套工具、一套家具、一套著作等时，要用a set of。She went to the shop to buy a suit of clothes. =She went to the shop to buy a set of clothes. 她到商店去买一套衣服。This new pair has bought a dinner
26、set and a set of bedroom furniture. 这对新婚夫妇买了一套餐具和一套卧室家具。4、replace/take the place of/in place of/instead of 替代；取代这些词语都有“替代”的意思，replace可以和take the place换用，而in place of和instead of都是短语介词，不能单独作谓语。Can anything replace a mothers love and care? =Can anything take the place of a mothers love and care? 有什么东西能
27、取代母亲的爱和照顾吗？Mr. Smith is ill, so I have to work here in place of/instead of him. 史密斯先生病了，我只好替他在这儿上班。I usually go to school on foot instead of by bus. 我通常步行上学，而不坐公交车。此处的instead of不能用in place of替换。in place of后只能接名词和代词，而insteadof之后既可以接名词、代词，还可以接动名词、介词短语等。5、relate . to 使有关 relate to 与有关relate既可以作及物动词，又可以
28、作不及物动词。We should relate a result with（to）its cause.（vt.） 我们应当把结果和因素联系起来。This letter relates to our company.（vi.） =This letter has relations with our company. 这封信与我们公司有关。“与有关”的其它表达方法：1）have something to do with2）concern vt.3）be concerned with sb. or sth.4）be concerned with（to）6、promise vt.&n. 答应；允诺Mo
29、ther promised me to buy a new bicycle.=Mother promised that she would buy me a new bicycle.=Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new bicycle.Unit 3 Computers1、I know this sounds very simple, but at that time it was a technological revolution.我知道这听起来很简朴，但是在那个时候这却是一项技术革命。sound+形容词，意为“听起来如何”，s
30、ound like+名词，是“听起来像”的意思。It sounds like a train. Lets hurry.（a train可数名词，注意冠词） 快点，这听起来仿佛是火车的声音。It sounds like water. Didnt you turn off the tape?（water，不可数名词） 听起来仿佛是水的声音，难道你没有关水龙头？What he said sounded reasonable. 他说的话听起来仿佛有道理。2、My real father was Alan Turing who in 1936 wrote a book to describe how c
31、omputers could be made to work and built a“universal machine”to solve any mathematical problem.我真正的父亲是艾伦图林，他1936年曾写过一本书，书中描写了使计算机工作的方法，并且他还制作了一台“通用机器”来解决数学问题。这是一个定语从句，它属于A句型。No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s. 20世纪60年代我有了新的晶体管之后，就没有人能认出我了。关于“在某年、某月、某年代”的表达：in 1960=
32、in the year 1960 在1960年in September, 1960=in the September of 1960 在1960年9月in the 1960s=in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代3、I love being used to connect people who arent close enough to speak to eachother.我喜欢被相距遥远的人们用来彼此联系。love to do和love doing的意思差不多，都是“喜欢做某事”的意思，细微区别是loveto do侧重具体的、某一次的动作，而love doing强调经常性的动作。这
33、样的动词常见的尚有like，begin，start等。但是would/should love和would/should like之后必须接to do。I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim in such bad weather today. 我（平时）非常喜欢游泳，但今天天气太差，我不想游。I love to stay（staying）outside when it is too hot. 天气热的时候我喜欢呆在外边。.Would you like to go there with us? .Yes, Id like to. 你乐
34、意和我们一起到那儿去吗？ 乐意。4、I think we can work together to create an even better system.我觉得我们可以合作发明出一个更好的系统。even，still，much，a lot，a great deal，a little，a bit，no之后都可以接形容词或副词的比较级。He is trying to make even greater progress. 他正尽力争取更大的进步。The boy is far taller than before. 这男孩比以前高多了。It is a little cooler today tha
35、n yesterday. 今天比昨天凉爽一点。He is no richer than I. =He is as poor as I. 他和我同样穷。You have done a lot better than I expected. 你做的比我预料的要好得多。5、In a way, my programmer is like my coach.从某种限度上看，我的程序员好比是我的教练。in a way在某种限度上，从某个意义上说by the way顺便问（说）on the（ones）way在路上In a way, her English has improved but there is
36、still a long way to go. 从某种限度上看，她的英语有进步，但对她来说，路还很长。His teacher considers him clever and in a way he is right. 他的老师认为他很聪明，从某些方面看，老师是对的。By the way, at what time will you start? 顺便问一下，你们几点出发？On our way home, we were caught in the rain. 在回家的路上，我们淋雨了。6、After all, with the help of my computer brain, which
37、 never forget anything,intelligence is what Im all about.不管如何，在我过目不忘的计算机头脑的帮助下，智能就是我的一切。after all尽管；到底（最终）；究竟；毕竟Dont scold her. After all, she is a five-year-old girl. 别责备她，毕竟她还是一个五岁的女孩。So you see, I was right after all. 所以你看，（最终）我还是对了吧。语法：1、被动语态的结构：主语+be动词的不同时态+过去分词（by）+（其它）现在完毕时的被动语态：主语+have/has+b
38、een+过去分词+（by）+（其它）重点词汇1、common adj. 共同的；共有的in common 共同；共有have/has sth in common with sb. 与某人有共同语言（共同之处）have/has sth in common 共同使用；共同拥有They have English as a common language.他们都把英语作为共同语言。We are good friends and we have common interest.我们是好朋友，我们有共同爱好。I dont know why she has nothing in common with us
39、.我不知道她为什么和我们没有共同语言（共同之处）。There is only one computer in this room, so we have to have it in common.房间里只有一台电脑，我们只好共有。2、anyway=anyhow 无论如何，无论如何The house is locked and I cant get in anyway/anyhow.房门锁着，无论如何我也进不去。Anyway/Anyhow I shall not go there today.无论如何我今天不会到那儿去。It is raining hard. Anyway, we must fi
40、nish it no time.在下大雨，但无论如何我们必须准时完毕任务。3、so . that，such . that . 如此以至于，比较以下例句，归纳so . that和such . that .的区别：He was so tired that he couldnt walk any longer.他如此只累，以至于一步也走不动了。He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.他跑得如此之快，以至于没有人能赶上他。It is so interesting a film that everyone likes to see it.=I
41、t is such an interesting film that everyone likes to see it.这部电影如此有趣，（以至于）人人喜欢看。It is such dirty water that nobody dares to drink.水如此之脏，没有人敢喝。She bought such expensive clothes that she spend up the money.她买的衣服如此贵，（以至于）把钱花光了。小结：so后面接形容词、副词、和可数名词的单数，但冠词在形容词之后。such之后接不可数名词、可数名词的复数和单数名词。4、deal with 解决；对
42、付 do with 解决；容忍；将就这两个短语都有“解决”的意思，区别在于deal是不及物动词，不能接宾语，而do是及物动词，可以接宾语。There is so much water in the room. What will you do with it?=There is so much water in the room. How will you deal with it?房间里这么多水，你如何处置？第一句中的what为及物动词do的宾语，第二句中的how作deal with it的状语，how不可换为what。Tell me what you did with yourself o
43、n Sundays?=Tell me how you dealt with yourself on Sundays?告诉我你星期天是如何度过的？This fellow is hard to deal with.这家伙很难对付。5、choose vt.&vi. 选择；挑选 choice n. 选择；挑选重要句型：cannot choose but do=have no choice but to do 别无它择，只好It is raining hard. We cannot choose but stop our game.=It is raining hard. We have no choi
44、ce but to stop our game.下大雨了，我们没有别的选择，只好停止比赛。He cannot choose but obey.=He has no choice but to obey.他只好服从。6、make up 填补；化妆，打扮；编造；配置；组成make up是一个常用短语You should study hard and make up for lost time.你应当努力学习，填补损失的时间。Look, the actors are busy making up themselves.看，演员们正忙于化妆。He often makes up a story to c
45、heat us.他经常编故事骗我们。Our school is made up of 38 classes.我们学校由38个班组成。Unit 4 Wildlife protection1、As a result, many of them died out.结果，许多物种消亡了。as a result和as a result of都是“结果”的意思，但as a result在句中作插入语，后面不能接东西，而as a result of是短语介词，of之后要接宾语。He had a road accident. As a result, he stayed in hospital for a w
46、hole mouth.他出了一次车祸，结果在医院躺了整整一个月。此句可用as a result of转换：As a result of a road accident, he stayed in hospital for a whole mouth.2、What other endangered species do you know?你还知道有哪些其它濒于灭绝的物种呢？endangered是动词的过去分词作形容词，在此作定语修饰名词species。在英语中，动词的过去分词表达被动（如interested，inspired），“感到的”或“被的”的意思，动词的现在分词（如exciting，interesting），表达积极，常译为“令人的”，过去分词和现在分词在句子中都可以作定语修饰名词。When shall we send the corrected p