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1、Lead-in:我们无法想象，假如没有了这些数字产品，生活将会如何1. We can not image how will be our life if there have no these digital productions. can not cannot/cant image-imagine productions-products 2. We cannot imagine what our life would be like if there were no such digital products. 3. Its hard to imagine what our life w
2、ould be like without these digital products. 4. It is hard to picture a life void of these digital facilities. picture v. 想象 void of 没有 facilities n. 设备，设施四级写作大纲解读：1. 写作的内容写作部分考察考生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值为15%。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。考试时间为30分钟。2. 写作的规定写作部分规定考生用英语进行短文写作，规定思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错
3、误。在思想表达方面：规定会表达中心思想、重要或特定信息、表达观点、态度等；在篇章组织方面：能围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点；能组句成段，组段成篇，符合规定格式。以上为内容方面的规定。接着在语言方面：规定运用恰当的词汇、对的的语法、标点符号、合适的句子结构以及可以运用准确的衔接手段表达句子间的关系（如对比、因素、结果、限度、目的等）。四级写作评分原则讲解：四级写作采用总体评分Global Scoring的方法，阅卷老师就作文总的印象给分，而不是按语言点的错误数量扣分。评卷老师一般根据以下四个方面作为评卷依据：1. 选材构思2. 篇章结构3. 句型结构4. 词汇选择2.篇章结构中英文在篇
4、章构成上有很大的差异。文章到底写几段呢？三段？四段？五段？考生在创作六级作文时整体上要遵循“逻辑分段和三段论”的原则，总结起来就是“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”这十二个汉字。要做到开篇段提出问题，中间段分析问题，结尾段解决问题。并且，每一段的写作都要遵循“主题句与支持论据支撑”这样的原则：首句为该段的主题句，其他句子为该主题的支持论据。若无法起到支持主题的作用，这句话即为无效句，必须弃而不用。一般情况下，论说文不要超过四段，四段封顶,也不能少于两段。“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”这个原则在具体题型中的运用：四级的作文题型一般可分为四种：对比观点题（是六级考试的重要题型）、现象阐述题、道理论
5、证题、图表题、书信体、情景式作文。一方面，对比观点题。对比观点题提纲中给出了两种对立观点，规定考生分析两种相反的观点后给出自己的见解。比如：2023年12月英语四级作文许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会但有些人提出取消春节晚会我的见解第二种题：现象阐述题根据这个思绪，那么再看看2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You
6、 should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应当How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?第三种题：图表题图表题顾名思义，只要有图表就是图表题了。2023年6月四级作文 Student Use of Computers 看图写作：根据图表阐述大学生使用计算机的情况并解释因素。第一段提出问题：（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写； （2）具体描述图表：必要的数据支持（注意细节）。第二段分析问题：（
7、1）给出自己认为产生变化的因素（本段主题句） （2）细节性论据（重要是因素，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。第三段解决问题：（1）预测未来：提出也许产生的影响或也许的解决办法； （2）总结全文，重申自己的观点。那么图表题写几段呢？图表题所提供的图表一般也是为了反映某个现象，分析某个趋势。其实本质上图表题就是现象题。所不同的是图表题第一段通过图表来反映现象，其第二、第三段与现象题无异，所以图表题也写三段。图表题与现象题唯一区别在于第一段：现象题第一段描写社会现象；图表题第一段通过描写图表反映现象，都是提出问题。最后一种应用文写作，即书信写作.我们看2023年6月四级作文 In honor of
8、teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day 书信写作：在教师节给老师写信表达感谢写信规定格式规范。记住写信的逻辑顺序：开篇说写信的目的；不同的内容可分段；感谢客气少不了；期盼回信成习惯。在段落上最多也不要超过四段。2023年1月四级作文 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 书信写作：关于报考大学专业问题给朋友回信2023年6月四级作文 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident 书信写作：假设你在某地目击一起车祸就此向警察同志写一份见证书所以写三段还是写四段，只要把握好“提出问题，分析问
9、题，解决问题”这一原则，然后我们具体去分析。这是内容方面的问题，接下来我们来看语言表达方面的评分依据以及对策；我们在一上课的时候就提出一个写作的法则：少犯错、多余彩。不管是在句型结构方面还是词汇使用上，假如符号了这两点法则写作绝对没问题了。一方面在句型结构方面：怎么少犯错，如何多余彩。在句法结构方面许多考生不自信，总觉得自己语法差，所以很怕写有变化的句型结构，结构通篇都是简朴句，缺少变化。写好四级作文，只要掌握重要的句法结构即可。一、少犯错写英文句子的黄金法则“一个英文句子只有一个谓语动词”。我们一方面分析一下英文句法结构：简朴句、并列句和复合句简朴句只有一套完整的主谓结构；并列句指用并列连词
10、and, but, yet, or, so等将两个以上的简朴句连接起来；复合句指用复合连词将两个以上的主谓结构连接起来，从属连词引导的那个句子叫从句。不管是主句还是从句都应具有完整的主谓结构。我们接着来看写作中常见的句子错误：. 不完整句：指句子的成分不完整。写作中常见的不完整句有以下两种：1） 把从句当成独立的句子。例如：He did not come. Because he was ill.Because是复合连词引导因素状语从句，要依附与主句而存在，不能单独成句，所以要改为：He did not come because he was ill.2) 把不具有完整主谓结构的短语当成独立的句
11、子： I ached all over. Especially in my right shoulder. Especially in my right shoulder是个介词短语不能充电句子使用，应改为： I ached all over, especially in my right shoulder. 逗号连接句指在没有使用连词的情况下使用逗号来连接两个独立的简朴句。She attended classes in the morning, she worked at the computer laboratory in the afternoon.应改为：She attended cl
12、asses in the morning and worked at the computer laboratory in the afternoon. 粘连句1） 分句堆积。两个或两个以上简朴句出现在没有连词的同一个句子中。如She came in then she asked me whether I knew anything about it.Then不是连词， 所以she came in 和she asked 之间没有连词，应在then 前面加and.2)混合句：一个句子中出现两个或两个以上谓语动词，最常见的there be结构和其他句型混杂在一起：There is a girl l
13、ive next-door.应将live 改成living即可。总之还是那个写英文句子的黄金法则“一个英文句子只有一个谓语动词”假如英语句子中假如没有连词，却出现两个或两个以上谓语动词，修改的方法有：将其中的一个谓语动词改为其非谓语形式；加上从属连词和其他必要成分，使其中一个谓语动词变为从句；加上并列从句，使其成为并列句；将原句拆分为两个独立的句子。. 不对称并列结构句由and, as well as, not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor等连接的通常为并列平行结构，其前后的词汇或短语的语法状态应当是对称的、一致的假如前面是不定式，后面也应当是不定式；假如
14、前面是分词后面也应当是分词。例如：Having no job and poor, the student had to drop out of school.应改为：Jobless and poor, the student had to drop out of school. 不一致错误句句子在时态、语态、人称、修饰方面的错误：1） 时态不一致。如：He was so thirsty that he drinks three glasses of water.2） 语态不一致。例如：After we made sure all the essential steps, the project
15、 was started.前后主语不一致，应改为：After we made sure all the essential steps, we started the project.3) 人称不一致。例如： I enjoy the Christmas holidays, for you have a chance to visit your friends. 应根据具体情况选择合适的人称，最佳用中性的人称代词指代泛指时，比如one4) 主谓不一致 While scanning through the books, one title caught Susans eye. 应改为：while
16、Susan was scanning through the books, one title caught her eye.接下来我们再来看看如何在句型结构这一环节多余彩。要避免句式单一化。尽量多用不同的句式，并列句（not only, but also;notbut）转折句（yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite that）,因果句（therefore, consequently ，so that, accordingly）插入语（that is to say, so to speak同位语），分词做状语结构等等。故意识地去用上以下
17、这些结构，或者把你的句子改装成以下这些结构：二、 多余彩其实在句法表达方面，写作和翻译是相通的。假如在这方面准备做得好，不光写作时不会无从下笔，答翻译题也会感觉轻松很多。考生需要掌握以下基本结构：（1）因素状语（从句）从句引导词： （only/just/simply）because, since, as now (that), in that, seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that介词短语结构：because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, as a resu
18、lt of, in view of, by virtue of, by reason of, in consequence of, in consideration of短语动词结构：come from, result from, arise from, stem from, be born of（2）让步状语（从句）从句引导词：although +从句，（still/yet/nevertheless）+从句，even if/though+从句，主句（直陈或虚拟）名词短语结构： no matter how/when/where/who/what/which =however, whenever
19、, wherever, whoever,whatever,whichever名词（短语）引导：in spite of, despite, regardless of（3）条件状语从句从句引导词：if+从句，(then)+主句；ifnot=unless if only, so/as long as, suppose+从句，主句虚拟条件： but that/for（假如没有，要不是）;only if（要是多好）4.Lexical Resource接着是词汇选择方面：几乎所以的考生都缺少自信，总觉得自己的词汇量不够。背过的单词又用不上，不知如何将有限的词汇应用到写作中去，写出有亮点的文章来，所以写出
20、来的文章往往用词低档没有亮点或者词不达意，得不到高分。那么平时多积累些四六级作文的短语，写作时故意识地用这些表达来使自己的文章出彩。在词汇表达方面，考生在平时要注意积累一些在四级写作中常用的表达，只要勤加练习，便可在考试中纯熟实用。达成润色文章的目的，部分常见表达总结如下：更好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采用措施：take effective
21、 steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment规避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足规定：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained eff
22、ort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)对有了更多的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对的信心：develop/foster ones inter
23、est/confidence in经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience树立良好形象/表现出自信心等：project a positive image/ones confidence生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的楷模：be held up as a good example交流经验/知识：share experience/
24、ideas/problems/knowledge发挥/起到重要/积极的作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立/追求目的/更高标准：set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目的：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服危险困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险/
25、困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的见解：hold conventional wisdom发表见解：voice/express ones opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the
26、 myth of求得帮助：enlist ones support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to对很重要：be indispensable/important/vital to施加学业压力：put/exert a academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/
27、stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有也许：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds
28、 are that展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对某人很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to sb献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大
29、不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is 改变生活路程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school参与考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examinatio
30、n/contest, race参与活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals实现自己的抱负/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hops/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relie
31、ve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/r
32、hythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界/爱好：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利/分数：
33、be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.运用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识/经验运用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/
34、good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充足发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion forLessen Stress in Your LifeDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Lessen
35、Stress in Your Life. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 导致人们生活压力较大的因素是什么？ 2. 如何减少人们的压力？ Sample: The acceleration of industrialization and economic prosperity benefit society a great deal. But with the speeding up of economic deve
36、lopment, people are facing increasing pressure in various aspects of their life.One of the major causes is that the pace of life has accelerated immensely as technology advances. To keep abreast with (与.并进, 跟上, 不落后于)society, people have to work intensively and expand their knowledge. Fierce social c
37、ompetition deprives people of leisure time and makes their lives more stressful. Another factor comes from family pressure and the need to take care of their family members. On the one hand, people have to care for their parents, creating for them a happy and comfortable life. On the other hand, the
38、y have to give their children a good education.To relieve their stress, I think the following suggestions are feasible and practical. First, people should take up sports games in their spare time or on the weekends. Another thing people can do is to communicate with others frequently and confess the
39、ir troubles and difficulties to others, which is an almost magic way to relieve stress. Finally, people have to strike a balance between money and their health. Otherwise, their health will fail. In brief, we should not sacrifice our health for a good life. We should change our priorities and improv
40、e our lives without working ourselves to death.表达现象很流行、很普遍的表达：面临问题：1. Sandstorms are getting more and more serious in some parts of china, especially in spring, and it has captured most peoples attention.2. We cannot ignore the fact that the shortage of housing is one of the most serious problems fa
41、cing many big cities in China.3. Like many other countries, nowadays, China is facing a serious problem of brain drain. Like many other countries, nowadays, China is facing a serious problem of brain drain.4. Nowadays, we are faced with a lot of troublesome problems.引起关注：1. Currently, there is wides
42、pread concern over high school dropouts.2. Nowadays, whether or not students should take part-time jobs is a much discussed topic on campus.3. Recently, there has been a heated discussion about whether the national English Test Band 4 is necessary or not.4. Nowadays, a debate arises on whether compe
43、tition or cooperation should be stressed in school education. 现状：1. With the development of science and technology, computers have found a wide application not only in offices, but also in many families.2. With science and technology highly developed and peoples living standard greatly improved, the
44、 Internet, as a new media has come into our lives/has become widely used/has gained more and more popularity.3. With the development of higher education, and increasing number of people have come to realize the importance of knowledge.4. Nowadays, lengthy holidays have aroused Chinese peoples enthus
45、iasm for traveling. 一、写作应试总攻略(一)文章开篇写作开头精彩的作文往往能取得较高的分教，所以建议尽量用复合句写第一句话，最佳在里面加23个较难的词或者词組。此外，在写议论文时，考生还可以引用名人名言，如：A proverb says, “You are only young once.(合用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(合用于转述名言）(二)文章主体写作1.善用引导词可以把引导词（如表顺序的词）置于段首或文中比较显著的位里，使文章更具条理性。 推荐： 1) to begin
46、 with, then, furthermore, finally2)to start with, next, in addition, finally3)first and foremost, besides, last but not least4)most important of all, moreover, finally5)on the one hand, on the other hand6)for one thing, for another thin不推荐（由于已被用滥了，不太有新意，无亮点）：1) first, second, third, last2) firstly,
47、secondly, thirdly, finally3) the first, the second, the third, the last4) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly2.多用书面语。写文章应当多用书面语。如：在表达“好时，选择generous、interesting、 smart、gentle等词要比单用nice或good效果好得多3.善用短语。使用适当的短语不仅能吸引阅卷者眼球为文章増色，尚有也许增长文章字教、减轻字数压力如：I cannot bear it.可以表达为：I cannot put up with it,I want it.可以表达为：I am looking forward to it.4.善于变换句式1)运用串联词。相信每个考生都希望在作文中写出一些长句以提高文章的可读性，但句子长越长，失误也许越多，所以不少考生对使对长句战战兢兢。解决这个问题的方法就是多使用串联词，如：and、 besides、 furthermore、likewi