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1、2023年春中口翻译部分【EC】In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear. Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the banks lower interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending. In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf. No larger alterations to
2、 the economy are made, because our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound. This has been the drill in every recession since World War II.Republicans and Democrats argue over whose taxes should be cut the most and which projects should be funded, but under public pre
3、ssure to do something, they usually find some mutually acceptable midpoint and enact a stimulus package. This time, though, dont expect that to be the end of the story-because the coming recession will not be normal, and our economy is not fundamentally sound. This time around, the nation will have
4、to craft new versions of some of the reforms that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression.【译文】：若只是寻常的经济萧条，那应对方案一目了然：翻出久违的凯恩斯著作，联邦政府减少利率，总统及国会一面减税，一面增长财政支出。假以时日，购买力激升，生产力急速飞涨，贷款数随之猛增。凯恩斯的作品重获关注。美国的经济并非一帆风顺，但总的来说还不错，并不需要对经济体制做出大刀阔斧的改革。 所以第二次世界大战之后，我们一直照此方案应对经济危机。 政府应
5、为哪些阶层多减税，为哪些项目提供资助，这些是共和党和民主党长期争论的话题。公众规定他们付诸于行动的舆论压力下，政府往往实行双方都可接受的折衷方案，达成推动经济进步的目的。即使到了党派分歧严重的今时今日，政府仍希望找到此种方案。 然而这次的萧条非比平常，所以事情就不那么简朴。从本质上说，我们的经济确有弊端。因此要动用一些富兰克林罗斯福当年的改革措施，还需做到与时俱进。才干力挽狂澜、扭转乾坤，最终拨得云开见日出。【解析】：1、In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear.译：在平常，经济状况一旦萧条下来，大家都就很明白应当立即着手做哪些事情：本句中，
6、normal recession名词性短语，但需要采用词类转换的翻译方法，进行扩展翻译成一个句子，the to-do list“大家应当做的事情”，本句主系表结构，字面意思：大家要做的事情是很清楚的。采用正反翻译的方法，将其翻译为“大家都就很明白应当立即着手做哪些事情：”。2、Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the Fed lowers interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending.译：重新翻开尘封已久的凯恩斯的著作，联邦政府调低利息率，总统和国会开始减税，增长财政
7、支出。本句是接上文，列举出的一系列动作，并列举。在句中，Copies of Keynes are dusted off，字面意思为：凯恩斯著作上的灰尘会被拂去。根据本文的语意表达环境，我们采用意译，翻译为：重新翻开尘封已久的凯恩斯的著作。3、In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf.译：用不了多久，市场上购销两旺，生产线生机勃勃，贷款扶摇而上，于是乎，凯恩斯的书又回了书架。本句中，前半句purchasing, production and loans per
8、k up中，perk vi. 振作;活跃起来(+up)，在英语中“perk up”可以用于形容以上三个主语，而在汉语中有不同搭配，所以对本句，翻译成三个小分句“市场上购销两旺，生产线生机勃勃，贷款扶摇而上”会更好一点。对于“Keynes is placed back on the shelf”中，“Keynes”需要翻译为：凯恩斯的著作。该句子翻译为：凯恩斯的著作又会被放回到书架上。【CE】 钟表上的秒针一下一下地移动，每移动一下就是表达我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，天天撕下一张就是表达我们的寿命又缩短了一天。由于时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍
9、视他的时间。假如想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为故意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这个道理人人都懂，可是很少人能积极不懈地善为运用他的时间。【译文】：Our life is shortened by every tick of the second hand of the clock. Each page peeled away from the wall calendar marks a bygone day. Time is life, while life is cherished by everybody, but time, by few.
10、 How can we achieve something in our brief life? To learn some knowledge! To replenish ourselves! To help those in need! To add significance to our life! Time should not be squandered if we want to make our life meaningful (to get a lot out of our life). This principle is accepted by all, but wisely
11、 observed by very few.2023秋季翻译部分【EC】What is a novel? I say: an invented story. At the same time a story which, though invented, has the power to ring true. True to what? True to life as the reader knows life to be or, it may be, feels life to be. And I mean the adult, the grown-up reader. Such a rea
12、der has outgrown fairy tales, and we do not want the fantastic and the impossible. So I say to you that a novel must stand up to the adult tests of reality. You may say:”If one wants truth, why not go to the literally true book? Biography or documentary, these are amazing accounts of amazing experie
13、nces which people have.” Yes, but I am suggesting to you that there is a distinction between truth and so-called reality. The novel does not simply recount experience. And here comes in what is the actual livening spark of the novel: the novelists imagination has a power of its own. It does not mere
14、ly invent, it perceives. It intensifies, therefore it gives power, extra importance, and greater truth to what may well be ordinary and everyday things. 小说是什么？我认为 是人们发明出来的故事。同时尽管是发明出来的故事，但是小说仍然有一种力量可以让人听上去感觉像真的同样。真的像什么呢？就像读者所知道的那种生活或者可 能的生活样子，像他们所感觉的那种生活。当然我指的是对于成熟的成年读者而言。像我们这样的成年读者已经足够长大，不再相信童话故事，不
15、再需要奇异幻想和 那些不也许发生的事情。所以我对你说，小说必须要成熟起来，可以让成年人将之放在生活中实验。你或许会说：“假如一个人需要事实，他为什么不去看完完全全真实的书呢？自传或者纪录片里都是些令人惊异的真人真事的描述。这当然对的，但是我对你的建议是事实和所谓的现实 之间有着本质的区别。小说并不仅仅只是叙述人们的经历，小说会添加人们的经历。而这一点正是小说所具有的活力火花：小说家的想象力有其自己强大的力量。借 助这种想象力小说家并不仅仅发明，他们去感知。这种想象力不断增强，给原本普普通通的平常生活注入一股力量，使它们变得额外地重要，变得更加地真实。【CE】有两个大款附庸风 雅，参与一个冷餐会
16、，与会者自然不乏真正的名流学者。席间，一个学者与其中的大款甲闲聊，话题不知怎么扯到莎士比亚身上。学者问大款甲：“先生是否对莎士 比亚最感爱好？”大款甲顿了顿，随即正色说：“相比之下，还是威士忌合我口味。”这时，大家都暗自窃笑。大款乙也看出了苗头，悻悻然走开。在回来的小车 上，大款乙教训大款甲说：“你真一点都不懂，莎士比亚是饮料，你怎么把它当洋酒了！”Two big shots attended a buffet reception, trying to pose as lovers of culture, for the participants included some real scho
17、lars of distinction. During the reception, a scholar chatted with Tycoon A and somehow the topic shifted to Shakespeare. The scholar asked, “Are you most interested in Shakespeare?” The big shot paused and announced with a severe countenance: “In comparison, whiskey is more to my taste.” Hearing tha
18、t, all the listeners laughed up their sleeves. Tycoon B saw the straw in the wind and left resentfully. On their way home in the car, Tycoon B lectured Tycoon A: “ How could you be that ignorant! Shakespeare is a beverage, and you are foolish enough to take that as an imported spirit!”点评：虽然内容和以往有所不同
19、，但细说到单词、词组和句型，却大都在我们平时的课堂内容之中。在Section 3的英译汉中，各个我们反复强调的翻译技巧依次露面。如：主被互换 an invented story：发明出来的故事让步状语 though invented：尽管正反译法 outgrow fairy tales：不再相信童话故事转性译法 has the power：可以“the + adj.”表达一类事物的集合 the fantastic and the impossible 奇思异想和不也许发生的事情2023年春中口翻译【CE】(英文原文选自20239月20日的今日美国（U.S. Today），随后20239月29日
20、的中国日报（China Daily）转载了同一篇文章。)The recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as rippling job layoffs ravaged household budgets.在经济衰退中，损失最为惨重的要数中档收入和贫困家庭。此外，衰退还导致最富裕和最贫困的美国人之间经济差距扩大，由于一波波裁人的侵袭使家庭可用开支遭受重创。Household incom
21、e declined across all groups, but at sharper percentage levels for middle-income and poor Americans. Median income fell last year from $52,163 to $50,303, wiping out a decades worth of gains to hit the lowest level since 1997. Poverty jumped sharply to 13.2 percent, an 11-year high.虽然全美各个群体的家庭收入普降，但
22、是中低收入者的跌幅更大。去年，（家庭）收入的中位数从52163美元减少到50303美元，达成了1997年以来的最低点，相称于十年的财富收益蒸发殆尽。贫困人口的比例则飙升至13.2%，创下了2023来的新高。No one should be surprised at the increased disparity. Analysts attributed the widening gap to the wave of layoffs in the economic downturn that have devastated household budgets. They said while t
23、he richest Americans may be seeing reductions in executive pay, those at the bottom of the income ladder are often unemployed and struggling to get by.对于日益扩大的收入差距，我们不应大惊小怪。经济低迷时期的裁人风潮导致家庭的可用开支急剧减少，分析师认为这才是导致收入差距扩大的罪魁祸首。他们认为，虽然最富裕的美国人也也许发现收入缩水，但那些工资最低的人才是真正的受害者，由于他们经常遭到解雇，艰难度日。【CE】 (第十届全国人大常委会委员（a St
24、anding Committee member of the Chinese National Peoples Congress (NPC)）朱相远于2023年1月4日在人民网发表的一篇题为2023年翩然而至拥抱下一个“十年”的文章)原文： 2023年翩然而至，全球24个时区的万千钟声，此起彼伏，宣告在这人类新千年中，一个2023代的终结，又是另一个2023代的开始。在开局的2023中，中国经济在前9年连续9年保持着9%以上的增长。最后一年，虽受国际金融风暴影响，但仍然能保持8%的高增长。中国如同中流砥柱，力挽狂澜，使全球目光，再次聚焦于东方。一年多的实践，终使曙光再现。全人类定能以集体的智慧
25、，攻坚克难，度过难关，必将是柳暗花明又一村的新局面。译文：With the approaching of 2023, the ringing of bells in 24 time zones around the globe echoes one after another, announcing the lapse of the first decade in the new millennium and the start of another 10 years. Over the past ten years, Chinas economy maintained a successiv
26、e 9% increase for nine years since the beginning of the 21st century and still a 8% growth in the last year of the past decade, albeit influenced by global financial storm.Functioning like a mainstay that makes vigorous endeavors to turn the tide, China, once again, draws global attraction to the Ea
27、st. A silver lining is emerging again after a year-round practice. As long as all the mankind conquer adversities, override difficulties with collective wisdom, there is bound to be a way out. 2023年秋中口翻译部分【EC】The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this s
28、ystem, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The markets primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market econom
29、y” designation.美国的经济制度重要是私有制经济，其中，消费者、生产者和政府天天都重要通过价格体系来做出经济决策。正是这三者之间的能动关系才使经济得以运转。然而，市场的重要动力来自于生产者和消费者之间的关系，因此 “市场经济”得以成名。As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state,
30、and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.通常，消费者总希望他们说花费的钱可以获得最大的价值；另一方面，生产者渴望能从他们所销售的商品中寻求最高的价格和利润。联邦、各州和地方各级政府的任务是加强公共安全，保证合理竞争，并提供一系列服务，由于他们相信这些服务性事业最佳
31、由国有公司来解决，而非私人公司。Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stoc
32、kholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.大体来看，公司分为三种：个体业主开办经营的公司、合作公司和股份公司。前两者很重要，但只有最后一种公司才可以最大限度上把许多合作人员的投资筹集到一起，形成巨额资金。那些人作为股东，可以随时在公开市场上买卖他们所持有的股票。正是这种股份制公司使得开办大型公司成为也许。简评：经历了三次考试的小品文调整后，如同我们课堂中所预测的
33、那样，今年秋季的考试题目终于回归了正常的轨道。英译汉出现了主旋律经济类报刊型文章。其实这个主题一直是我们在课堂中练习和强调最多的，并且它和“小白本”（中级翻译教程）第三单元第一课混合经济：美国的经济制度相关度非常高，相信大家一定会觉得很熟悉。在翻译过程中，重要难点在于句子顺序的调整/词语指称意义的拟定/定语从句和后置分词的翻译。如： 第二个句子中末尾的on a daily basis, mainly through the price system在翻译中必须前置在汉语的谓语动词之前；dynamic interaction根据上下文及单词自身的意义，可以猜测出“能动”的意思；再如，Govern
34、ment, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. 在这个长句中，我们会发现后方的believed to be是一个分词作后置定语，根据我们在英译汉第一讲最后提到的技巧，这里应当用上分割单独成句法，同理，后方的定语从
35、句也要使用相同的手法解决。【CE】说起上海老城，总会让人和古老传统的东西联系起来，比如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。上海建城有700数年历史，但最具人文发展历史的时期是开埠后的150年间，诸如华洋杂居、石库门、老字号等等，都发生在开埠后的上海。The old town of Shanghai, when it is mentioned, is always associated with the past and the tradition, something such as the Yuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and the Town Gods Temp
36、le (or the City God Temple / Chenghuangmiao) in the Qing Dynasty. Despite a history of more than 700 years, it is the 150 years since its opening to foreign trades that enjoyed the most spelendid/ greatest humane development of Shanghai. During that period, scenes appeared such as the co-inhabitatio
37、n of Chinese foreigners, the building of Shikumen, and the growth of time-honored firms.流传于老城内外的民间文化，丰富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物风情画卷”生动地描绘了上海老城市民的生活百态。上海老城市历史文明与现代文明的兼容并蓄，无论上海城市发展如何日新月异，她仍将记录着上海城市发展的历史华章。Various and colorful folk cultures have gained popularity in and out of Shanghais old town, which has been p
38、roved in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in Shanghais Old Town”, a vivid depiction of the lives of local residents in every aspect. Despite the ever-changing advances of Shanghai, its old town, an inclusive combination of ancient and modern civilization, will still serve as a glor
39、ious chapter in the history of the development of Shanghai city.简评：今年的汉译英也摆脱了过去三次考试的小品文，终于回归了主旋律，介绍了关于上海地区的文化特色。其实，这个特点也是我们在翻译课堂上的开篇就讲过的地区特色，并且，我们曾经在课堂上给大家总结过三区的重要性：传统文化老区/经济新区/旅游景区，所以，这次考试中出现的“城隍庙/豫园”应当算是老朋友了，至于新出现的地名，大家也可以根据我们课堂上讲过的翻译技巧来应对。在语言解决方面，我们希望大家还是要把握基本原则，即“找出言外之意的逻辑”。比如，第二段开头的两个句子，要看出是一个举
40、例的关系。另一方面，在翻译汉译英的时候一定要善于去发现句子的真正主语，比如第一段的第二句，真正的主语应当是“150年”；第二段的第二句，真正主语为“老城区”而非字面上的“兼容并蓄”。第三，汉译英中要大量运用“词语转性”的技巧，如最后一部分的“日新月异”，汉语原文中是作谓语，可是在英语译文中应当转变成形容词作定语，这一点在我们的课堂讲解中也一直是重点强调的内容。此外，还需提出的是，汉译英中一直喜欢考察大家对于四字词语的解决方法，我们在课堂中也有专门讲解，当然，更需要大家连续不断的积累，比如本次考试中出现的“丰富多彩”“日新月异”“兼容并蓄”“历史华章”等，应当算是老朋友，做到脱口而出了。2023
41、春中口翻译汉部分【CE】豫园是上海著名的古典园林，已有400数年的历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方的建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。 豫园原为明代一位大官的私家花园，始建于1559年，直到2023后才建成。此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。所幸的是，从1949年上海解放时，园内的重要景点尚完好无损。从1956年开始，豫园通过多次修缮，重现其昔日光彩。参考答案： The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys
42、 a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its del
43、icacy and elegance.The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in
44、1949 when Shanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1956.解析1.文章开头有三个“有”，我们可以追求全都不用have，而采用更精确的词，比如有400数年的历史，用enjoy, 第二个具有，表达具有什么的特色，可以转移成形容词：be characteristic of，或者boast. 第三个是“园内有40余景”，表达园内充满了这些景点，可以反过来用40个景色做主语，动作的“有”翻译成dot,装点。2. 亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、
45、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。此处的元素较多，我们可以分清其中的关系：亭台楼阁和假山池塘是并列的关系，而它们达成的效果则是“和谐对称”，“协调均衡”3.其布局之精致自古闻名江南。江南在中文中听上去很好，但到了英文中假如翻的太清楚就变成了south of the Yangtze River, 失去了美感，不如也模糊地说成South China4.其布局之精致自古闻名江南。布局的英文是layout. 而精致的解决，既可以按照字面翻译成elegancy, 也可以翻译其意思： 所谓的布局的精致，在布局上投入大量的心思。In the old days, And Yu Garden was fame
46、d in South China for the amount of thought put into its layout.5.私家花园这里的花园可以不译，直接受成private property, 私人财产。6.直到2023后才建成可以选择反译：but it was not completed until two decades later也可以选择正译： which took twenty years to complete.7.此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。变迁：vicissitudes. 假如忘掉这个单词的拼写，可以选择解释：changes of times.所以整句可以译成The Ga
47、rden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes。下面附上译文：The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, inclu
48、ding pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and elegance.The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 when Shanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1