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1、Chapter One Economic BasicsI Key wordsGroup A- economic economy economist market economy produce/production/producer manufacture output production capacity product goods cost capital labor stock industry sector import export retail wholesale surplus/deficit budget supply/demand profit (margin) retur
2、n revenue earnings gain recession inflation deflation boom slowdown recover/recovery downturn overheat consumer consumption household consumer spending consumer confidence survey figure poll statistics unemployment rate lay off capital market money market emerging market forecast expect/expectation
3、predict/prediction prospect outlook sign signal concern measure quarter fiscal year annual financial year over the same period last year compared with the same period of last year year on year for the 5th straight month for the fifth consecutive month in the first two months of the yearslide slip su
4、rge tumble shrink jump slump raise soar drop fall decline hike exceed prompt curb promote boost drive include exclude trigger tighten loosen set a target oil fuel raw materials automobile energy Group B -pessimist/pessimism/pessimistic optimist/optimism/optimistic buoyant / sluggish strength weaken
5、worsen quicken accelerate deteriorate estimate stimulus incentives maintain sustain release acquisition merger billion/ trillion market share indicate volume overheat release itemproductivity launch efficient/efficiency asset temporary developing economy domesticII. News Reading. (A) China Partly Li
6、fts Veil on GDP DataThe Wall Street Journal April 16, 2011 By TOM ORLIK BEIJINGChinas publication of a new kind of economic data brings it closer in line with the way other major economies report growth, but also exposes continuing problems with the quality of its statistics, analysts said.The headl
7、ine figure when China reported its economic data for the first quarter of this year on Friday was the 9.7% growth rate in gross domestic product. That figure, as with all of Chinas quarterly GDP numbers in the past, compared output in the report period with output in the same three months of last ye
8、ar.But the National Bureau of Statistics on Friday also published, for the first time, data on how economic output compared with the previous quarter. This quarter-on-quarter number, which is adjusted to account for seasonal differences and multiplied according to a compound growth formula to give a
9、n annualized rate, is how the U.S. and most other major economies report their quarterly GDP data. By this measure, the statistics bureau said, GDP in the first quarter grew 2.1%, or 8.7% on an annualized basis according to Wall Street Journal calculationssignificantly slower than the year-on-year f
10、iguresuggesting the current momentum of the worlds second-largest economy is markedly slower than the year-on-year figure indicates. Big economies use adjusted quarter-on-quarter data because they provide a more real-time picture of the current trajectory of growth. A statement on the bureaus websit
11、e April 8 said: Year-on-year data does not provide up-to-date information on changes in the economy.The development of quarter-on-quarter indicators will make up for that shortcoming and provide better information to policy makers and analysts.Economists who watch China generally agree that the move
12、 represents progress. But the progress is limited, because the statistics bureau failed to publish any historical data for the quarterly measurewhich is important for understanding where the current number fits into past trends. Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Beijing-based research firm Dragon
13、omics, said, The revisions aim to create a series that has a closer relation to reality, but the failure of the NBS to produce comparable historical data, or to clearly explain their methodology, detract from progress that is made.The statistics bureau didnt explain the omission. Analysts said it li
14、kely arose at least partly because such data would reveal a much sharper slowdown during the recent global recession than the government has ever acknowledgedparticularly in the fourth quarter of 2008. In a Wall Street Journal poll of China economists in early 2009, the median estimate for quarter-o
15、n-quarter annualized growth in the final quarter of 2008 was 1.5%, compared with an official growth rate of 6.8% in the official year-on-year data.The statistics bureau had suggested that the quarter-on-quarter data would be available starting in 2010. Difficulties in adjusting the growth rate to ac
16、count for seasonal variationsin particular the weeklong New Year holiday that falls in January some years and February in others delayed the process.(B) China inflation surges to 25-month highBy Geoff Dyer Financial Times November 11 2010 Chinese inflation jumped to its highest level in just over tw
17、o years in October, prompting new fears that the economy could be overheating as a result of the governments huge stimulus measures. Consumer price inflation surged to 4.4 per cent in October from 3.6 per cent the month before, well above the governments target of 3 per cent and increasing the press
18、ure on the authorities to introduce new tightening measures. The countrys banks are also on track to exceed this years quota for bank lending after new loans reached Rmb587.7bn ($88.7bn, 55bn, 64.7bn) in October. Economists said that to meet the full-year target of Rmb7,500bn, there would need to be
19、 a sharp contraction in new bank lending in the past two months of the year. Although inflation in China has been inching up for some months, the big jump in October surprised many economists and raises the chances of further interest rate rises this year to follow the increase last month and the in
20、crease in bank reserve requirements announced on Wednesday. Beijing is also under pressure from other governments to accelerate the appreciation of its currency a topic that will be prominent at Fridays G20 summit which could help damp inflationary pressures. At the close of Asian trading on Thursda
21、y, the Chinese currency had gained almost 1 per cent against the dollar over three days. Li Wei and Stephen Green at Standard Chartered in Shanghai said that on a seasonally adjusted basis, consumer price inflation increased at an annualised rate of 12.1 per cent in October, up from 5.2 per cent the
22、 month before. “This is worrying as inflation is now heading towards its level in mid-2007, which was a time of overheating,” they said in a note. Earlier this week, Zhang Ping, head of the National Development and Reform Commission, the main economic planning body, acknowledged inflation would exce
23、ed the 3 per cent target this year. He blamed the weaker US dollar, speculation in commodities markets and loose monetary conditions. Several Chinese officials have warned in recent weeks that the new round of quantitative easing in the US will lead to hot money inflows into developing economies, an
24、d the Chinese foreign exchange regulator has taken steps this week to reduce capital inflows in the financial system. However, many economists believe that it is relaxed monetary policy in China which is adding to the domestic inflationary pressures, rather than capital inflows from overseas. “There
25、 is no trick to keeping growth afloat on a sea of credit, the question is what happens when the lending taps are turned off,” said Tom Orlik, an economist at Stone & McCarthy in Beijing.Jun Ma at Deutsche Bank predicts that the authorities will relabel monetary policy from “relaxed” to “prudent” at
26、an economic policymakers conference in December, which would signal a reduction in the planned growth of new loans for next year. Some economists predict the government might introduce some form of price controls if the inflation rate remains at this level. “China needs to do more to keep this years
27、 inflation under the target ceiling,” Sheng Laiyun, spokesman for the statistics bureau, said on Thursday. Other figures released on Thursday suggested the economy continues to expand at a strong rate. Industrial production increased 13.1 per cent in October compared to the year before, while retail
28、 sales expanded by 18.6 per cent, year-on-year.Chapter Two Banking I Key wordssavings account checking account demand/current account time/fixed account deposit/withdrawdeposit slip bank statement maturity default passbook pass card /bankcard password principal interest Debit Card Credit card accoun
29、t to open an account to close an account deposit withdraw overdraft/overdraw charge for （free of charge ）cheque,check write a check chquebook/checkbookto honor a cheque to dishonor a cheque fill out/in denomination=face value bill, note change coincash amount in figures amount in words balance trave
30、lers check/chque loan apply for/grant a loandebt mortgage foreclosure subprime collateral by instalment cashier tellerII. Sentences1.A: 请问我到哪里可以存钱？ B：请到那边的3号窗口。2. A: 请问你们什么时候营业？B: 我们在工作日营业时间是早8点到晚8点。但我们的取款机每天24小时都工作，您可以从取款机中取款。3. A: 对不起，我10年期的定期存款还没有到期，请问我现在能取走里面的钱吗？B：对不起，不可以。您至少要提前3天通知我们。4. A: 你打算怎
31、么处理你们的余额资金？B: 我想把剩余的一半资金提出来，把剩余的另一半资金转到我们客户在汇丰银行的账户中。5. A: 您想在这个2年期的定期存款账户中存多少钱？B: 我想想，我的储蓄账户中还有5千元，我手头上还有2千元。我打算在这个账户中寸7千元。6. A: 今天早上我接到贵银行的电话。在电话中告知我的汇款已经到了，让我去取钱。B: 我看看是不是从美国的4千美元的电汇？7. A: 请问，兑换支票你们收手续费吗？ B: 是的，我们收手续费。您每开一张支票就要花人民币2元。您在开支票前请搞清楚您存款的金额，否则，如果透支，每张支票将罚款5元。8. A: 我丈夫和我计划买一个房子。我们在下个星期要付
32、首付，我们需要获得一个抵押贷款来融资。B：你是否介意告诉我房子多少钱，首付是多少钱，你想从我们银行获得多少钱？9. A：我们已收到贵行的催款单。但我们现在还款有困难。我们还需要点时间才能售完我们的货物，偿还贷款。B：我懂了。在这种情况下，你可以申请延期贷款，但是，恐怕您得继续交纳利息了。10. A：你想怎样要这些钱？ B：5张100的，10张50的，10张10块的。正好，你能帮我破一下这张100的吗？Chapter Three Financial MarketsI Key wordsFinancial market money market capital market T-bill(Trea
33、sury Bill) T-note T-bond Certificate of deposit(CD) Commercial Paper Bankers acceptance Repos and Reverses Eurodollar Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) auction face/par value coupon municipal bond government bond corporate bond short-term financing London Interbank Offered Rate(LIBOR) d
34、iscount rate primary market secondary market redeem(redemption) maturity II. Related knowledgeTreasury Securities and Break-even Inflation RateWhat Does Treasury Inflation Protected Securities - TIPS Mean?A treasurysecurity that is indexed to inflation in order to protect investors from the negative
35、 effects of inflation. TIPS are considered an extremely low-risk investment since they are backed by the U.S. government and since their par value rises with inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, while their interest rate remains fixed. Interest on TIPS is paid semiannually. TIPS can b
36、e purchased directly from the government through the TreasuryDirect system in $100 increments with a minimum investment of $100 and are available with 5-, 10-, and 20-year maturities. To illustrate, assume a $1,000-U.S. TIPS was purchased with a 3% coupon; also assume inflation during the first year
37、 was 10%. If this were the case, the face value of the TIPS would adjust upward by 10%, to $1,100. Furthermore, the coupon payment (3%), which is also based on face value, would be $33 (in actuality payments adjust and are paid semi-annually). The end of result is that not only are interest payments
38、 protected against inflation, but so is face value of the bond, which is returned to the investor at maturity. Traditional nominal bonds offer neither of these protections.Because TIPS protect investors against inflationary concerns and nominal bonds do not, they behave differently from one another.
39、 More specifically, as inflationary expectations increase, nominal bonds will become less attractive as future interest payments are eroded by inflation. Similarly, as inflationary concerns decrease (which includes deflation), nominal bonds become more attractive relative to TIPS as future interest
40、payments become more valuable on a real (or after inflation) basis. Break-Even InflationTraditional fixed-income investments may not provide the real return investors need during periods of high inflation. Its important to know whether your traditional fixed-income investment breaks-even with inflat
41、ion. Break-even inflation is the difference between the nominal yield on a fixed-rate investment and the real yield on an inflation-linked investment of similar maturity and credit quality. If inflation averages more than the break-even, the inflation-linked investment will outperform the fixed-rate
42、. Conversely, if inflation averages below the break-even, the fixed-rate will outperform the inflation-linked.Calculation Formula:Comparable Fixed-Rate Inflation-Linked Real Yield = Break-Even InflationCalculation Example: = 4.00% 5-Year CD1.05% Inflation-Linked Real Yield 2.95% Break-Even Inflation
43、 An inflation-linked investments coupon is determined by adding the current rate of inflation to the real yield. In the example above, the average rate of inflation would have to be more than 2.95% in order for the inflation-linked investment to outperform the fixed-rate investment. And if inflation
44、 averaged lower than 2.95%, the fixed-rate investment would outperform the inflation-linked.III. Advanced ReadingThe puzzle of low Treasury-bond yieldsMay 29th 2008 From The Economist print edition29THE yield of Treasury bonds is arguably the single most important indicator in financial markets. Sin
45、ce the American government is unlikely to default, the bond yield sets the risk-free rate against which other assets are measured. It also serves as a barometer of investors feelings about economic variables like inflation and recession.But precisely because it does so many things, the Treasury bond
46、 can send out conflicting signals. Consumers have been grumbling about the inflationary impact of higher oil and food prices for a while. But bond investors have only recently taken fright, pushing the yield on the 10-year Treasury bond above 4% on May 28, for the first time since the start of the y
47、ear. Even now, however, the breakeven inflation rate (the difference between yields on conventional and inflation-linked bonds) on five-year Treasury issues is just 2.4%, within the range it has occupied for the past four years; compare that with the 7.7% inflation rate that American consumers expec
48、t over the next 12 months.One possibility is that the “bond-market vigilantes” have been asleep. “We sometimes wonder if Treasury-bond investors enjoy losing money,” muses Tim Bond, a strategist at Barclays Capital, as he ponders the logic of owning ten-year Treasuries yielding close to 4% when headline inflation is heading (on his view) for more than 5% by August.Bill Gross of Pimco, a bond-market investor, argues that inflation is understate