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1、 英语语法专用术语汉英对照语法 grammar 句法 syntax词法 morphology 句子 sentence从句 clause 词组 phrase词类 part of speech 单词 word实词 notional word 虚词 structural word单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative复合词 compound 集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition连词 conjunction 动词 verb积极词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 int
2、ransitive verb 系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb动词短语 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb感慨词 exclamation 形容词 adjective名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 u
3、ncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun原级 positive 比较级 comparative最高级 superlative 副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner 限度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun 人称代词 pers
4、onal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun互相代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article 定冠词 definite
5、article不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形从句 base form clause 从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive cl
6、ause 状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 因素状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adve
7、rbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence 简朴句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex s
8、entence 并列复合句compound sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感慨疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 基本句
9、型 basic sentence pattern 否认句negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence 感慨句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分members of sentence 主语 subject 谓语 predicate宾语 object 双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补 subject complement
10、宾补 object complement表语 predicative 定语 attribute同位语 appositive 状语adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordinate 修饰modification前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制double restriction非限制non-restriction 数 number单数形式 singular form 复数形式plural form规则形式 regular fo
11、rm 不规则形式irregular form格 case普通格common case 所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case性 gender 阳性 masculine阴性 feminine 通性common中性neuter 人称 person第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称third person 时态 tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 一般现在时present simple te
12、nse 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense 现在完毕时 present perfect tense 过去完毕时 past perfect tense将来完毕时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous 语态 voice积极语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 m
13、ood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood 否认 negation 否认范围scope of negation 所有否认 full negation 局部否认 partial negation转移否认 shift of negation 语序 order自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion所有倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语direct speech 简介引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct
14、 speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity 强调 emphasis反复repetition 语音pronunciation语调tone 声调 rising tone降调 falling tone 升降调falling-rising tone 文体 style 结构structure层次 rank 正式文体formal非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression 用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义 derogatory 风趣 humorous讽刺 sarcastic