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1、名师整理精华知识点初中化学方程式及其相关知识点总结1.澄清石灰水中通入二氧化碳气体(复分解反应)Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3 +H2O 现象:石灰水由澄清变浑浊。相关知识点:这个反应可用来检验二氧化碳气体的存在。最好不用它检验,CaCO3+CO2+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2 沉淀消失,可用Ba(OH)2 溶液2.镁带在空气中燃烧(化合反应)2Mg+O2=2MgO 现象:镁在空气中剧烈燃烧,放热,发出耀眼的白光,生成白色粉末。相关知识点:(1)这个反应中,镁元素从游离态转变成化合态;(2)物质的颜色由银白色转变成白色。(3)镁可做照明弹;(4)镁条的着火点高,火柴放热少,不能达到镁的着火点
2、,不能用火柴点燃;(5)镁很活泼,为了保护镁,在镁表面涂上一层黑色保护膜,点燃前要用砂纸打磨干净。3.水通电分解(分解反应)2H2O=2H2 +O2 现象:通电后,电极上出现气泡,气体体积比约为1:2 相关知识点:(1)正极产生氧气,负极产生氢气;(2)氢气和氧气的体积比为2:1,质量比为1:8;(3)电解水时,在水中预先加入少量氢氧化钠溶液或稀硫酸,增强水的导电性;(4)电源为直流电4.生石灰和水反应(化合反应)CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2 现象:白色粉末溶解相关知识点:(1)最终所获得的溶液名称为氢氧化钙溶液,俗称澄清石灰水;(2)在其中滴入无色酚酞,酚酞会变成红色;(3)生石灰是氧化钙
3、,熟石灰是氢氧化钙。(4)发出大量的热5.实验室制取氧气加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物制氧气(分解反应)2KClO3 2KCl+3O2 相关知识点:(1)二氧化锰在其中作为催化剂,加快氯酸钾的分解速度或氧气的生成速度;(2)二氧化锰的质量和化学性质在化学反应前后没有改变;(3)反应完全后,试管中的残余固体是氯化钾和二氧化锰的混合物,进行分离的方法是:洗净、干燥、称量。加热高锰酸钾制氧气(分解反应)MnO2催化名师整理精华知识点2KMnO4=K2MnO4+MnO2+O2相关知识点:在试管口要堵上棉花,避免高锰酸钾粉末滑落堵塞导管。过氧化氢和二氧化锰制氧气(分解反应)2H2O2 2H2O+O2 共同
4、知识点:(1)向上排空气法收集时导管要伸到集气瓶下方,收集好后要正放在桌面上;(2)实验结束要先撤导管,后撤酒精灯,避免水槽中水倒流炸裂试管;(3)加热时试管要略向下倾斜,避免冷凝水回流炸裂试管;(4)用排水集气法收集氧气要等到气泡连续均匀地冒出再收集;(5)用带火星的小木条放在瓶口验满,伸入瓶中检验是否是氧气。6.木炭在空气中燃烧(化合反应)充分燃烧:C+O2=CO2 不充分燃烧:2C+O2=2CO 现象:在空气中发出红光;在氧气中发出白光,放热,生成一种使澄清石灰水变浑浊的无色气体。相关知识点:反应后的产物可用澄清的石灰水来进行检验。7.硫在空气(或氧气)中燃烧(化合反应)S+O2=SO2
5、 现象:在空气中是发出微弱的淡蓝色火焰,在氧气中是发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰,生成无色有刺激性气体。相关知识点:(1)应后的产物可用紫色的石蕊来检验(紫色变成红色);(2)在集气瓶底部事先放少量水或碱溶液(NaOH)以吸收生成的二氧化硫,防止污染空气8.铁丝在氧气中燃烧(化合反应)3Fe+2O2=Fe3O4 现象:铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧,火星四射,放热,生成黑色固体相关知识点:(1)铁丝盘成螺旋状是为了增大与氧气的接触面积;(2)在铁丝下方挂一根点燃的火柴是为了引燃铁丝;(3)等火柴快燃尽在伸入集气瓶中,太早,火柴消耗氧气,铁丝不能完全燃烧;太晚,不能引燃;(4)事先在集气瓶底部放少量细沙,避免灼热生
6、成物溅落炸裂瓶底。9.红磷在氧气中燃烧(化合反应)4P+5O2=2P2O5 现象:产生大量白烟并放热相关知识点:可用红磷来测定空气中氧气含量。10.氢气在空气中燃烧(化合反应)2H2+O2=2H2O 现象:产生淡蓝色的火焰,放热,有水珠生成相关知识点:(1)氢气是一种常见的还原剂;(2)点燃前,一定要检验它的纯度。MnO2催化文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
7、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
8、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
9、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
10、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
11、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
12、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9名师整理精华知识点11.木炭还原
13、氧化铜(置换反应)C+2CuO=2Cu+CO2 现象:黑色粉末逐渐变成光亮的红色物质,放热相关知识点:(1)把木炭粉和氧化铜铺放进试管,使受热面积大,反应快;(2)导管通入澄清石灰水中,为了检验是否产生CO2;(3)在酒精灯上加网罩使火焰集中并提高温度;(4)先撤出导气管防止石灰水倒流炸裂试管;(5)试管冷却后在把粉末倒出,防止灼热的铜的氧气发生反应,生成CuO;(6)C 是还原剂,CuO是氧化剂12.氢气还原氧化铜(置换反应)H2+CuO=Cu+H2O 现象:黑色粉末逐渐变成光亮的红色物质,同时试管口有水滴生成相关知识点:(1)实验开始时,应先通入一段时间氢气,目的是赶走试管内的空气;(2)
14、实验结束后,应先拿走酒精灯,后撤走氢气导管,目的是防止新生成的铜与空气中的氧气结合,又生成氧化铜。13.实验室制取二氧化碳气体(复分解反应)大理石(石灰石)和稀盐酸反应CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2 现象:白色固体溶解,同时有大量气泡产生。相关知识点:(1)碳酸钙是一种白色难溶的固体,利用它能溶解在盐酸中的特性,可以用盐酸来除去某物质中混有的碳酸钙;(2)不能用浓盐酸是因为浓盐酸有挥发性,挥发出HCl 气体混入CO2中。使CO2不纯;(3)不能用稀硫酸是因为碳酸钙和硫酸反映,产生CaSO4微溶于水,覆盖在固体表面,使反应停止;(4)不能用碳酸钙粉末是因为反应物接触面积大,反应
15、速度太快。14.工业制取二氧化碳气体(分解反应)高温煅烧石灰石CaCO3=CaO+CO2 相关知识点:CaO俗名为生石灰15.一氧化碳在空气中燃烧(化合反应)2CO+O2=2CO2 现象:产生蓝色火焰相关知识点:(1)一氧化碳是一种常见的还原剂;(2)点燃前,一定要检验它的纯度。16.一氧化碳还原氧化铜CO+CuO=Cu+CO2 文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7
16、I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2
17、Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7
18、I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2
19、Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7
20、I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2
21、Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9名师整理精华知识点现象:黑色
22、粉末逐渐变成光亮的红色粉末,生成气体使石灰水变浑浊相关知识点:一氧化碳是还原剂,氧化铜是氧化剂17.甲烷在空气中燃烧CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O 现象:火焰明亮呈浅蓝色相关知识点:甲烷是天然气(或沼气)的主要成分,是一种很好的燃料。18.工业制造盐酸(化合反应)H2+Cl2=2HCl 相关知识点:该反应说明了在特殊条件下燃烧不一定需要氧气。19.实验室制取氢气(置换反应)Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2 相关知识点:(1)氢气是一种常见的还原剂;(2)点燃前,一定要检验它的纯度。20.木炭和二氧化碳生成一氧化碳(化合反应)C+CO2=2CO 相关知识点:(1)一氧化碳是一种常见的还原剂;
23、(2)点燃前,一定要检验它的纯度。21.水和二氧化碳生成碳酸(化合反应)CO2+H2O=H2CO3 现象:生成了能使紫色石蕊溶液变红的碳酸。22.碳酸不稳定分解(分解反应)H2CO3=H2O+CO2相关知识点:(1)碳酸是一种不稳定的酸,受热易分解;(2)分解时,二氧化碳从溶液中逸出,使红色石蕊溶液变成紫色。23.灭火器的反应原理Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3=3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3+6CO2 灭火原理:灭火时,能喷射出大量二氧化碳及泡沫,它们能粘附在可燃物上,使可燃物与空气隔绝,达到灭火的目的.24.金属和水的反应(置换反应)2K+2H2O=KOH+H2 3Fe+4H2O=Fe
24、3O4+4H2 25.水与非金属的反应(置换反应)文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q
25、9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I
26、7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q
27、9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I
28、7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q
29、9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I
30、7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9名师整理精华知识点C+H2O=CO+H2 26.水与氧化物的反应(化合反应)SO3+H2O=H2SO4 Na2O+H2O=2NaOH 27.碳酸氢铵受热分解(分解反应)NH4HCO3=NH3+H2O+CO2 28.用盐酸来清除铁锈(复分解反应)Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O 29.铁丝插入到硫酸
31、铜溶液中(置换反应)Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu 现象:溶液由蓝色变成浅绿色,铁表面有红色固体产生30.硫酸铜溶液中滴加氢氧化钠溶液(复分解反应)CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2+Na2SO4 现象:产生蓝色沉淀31.二氧化硫与烧碱溶液反应SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O 32.C2H5OH+2O2=2CO2+3H2O 33.氯化钠溶液与硝酸银溶液反应生成不溶性沉淀(复分解反应)NaCl+AgNO3=NaNO3+AgCl34.稀硫酸溶液与硝酸钡溶液反应生成不溶性沉淀H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2=BaSO4+2HNO335.氯化铵固体和氢氧化钙固体混合加热(复分解反应)2NH
32、4Cl+Ca(OH)2=2NH3+2H2O+CaCl236.碳酸纳与盐酸反应(复分解反应)Na2CO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2+H2O 现象:固体溶解,产生气泡相关知识点:碳酸钠俗名为纯碱H2SO4文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9
33、文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2
34、V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9
35、文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2
36、V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9
37、文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2
38、V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9名师整理精华知识点初中化学方程式总结一物质与氧气的反应:(1)单质与氧气的反应:1.镁在氧气中燃烧:2Mg+O2 2MgO现象:燃烧、放出大量的热、同时放出耀眼
39、的白光2.铁在氧气中燃烧:3Fe+2O2 Fe3O4现象:剧烈燃烧、火星四射、生成黑色的固体3.铜在氧气中受热:2Cu+O2 2CuO 4.铝在空气中燃烧:4Al+3O2 2Al2O3 5.氢气在氧气中燃烧:2H2+O2 2H2O现象:淡蓝色的火焰6.红磷在空气中燃烧:4P+5O2 2P2O5现象::生成白烟7.硫粉在氧气中燃烧:S+O2 SO2现象:空气中是淡蓝色的火焰;纯氧中是蓝紫色的火焰;同时生成有刺激性气味的气体。8.碳在氧气中充分燃烧:C+O2 CO2现象:生成能够让澄清石灰水浑浊的气体9.碳在氧气中不充分燃烧:2C+O2 2CO现象:燃烧10.汞(水银)在氧气中燃烧:2Hg+O2
40、2HgO(2)化合物与氧气的反应:11.一氧化碳在氧气中燃烧:2CO+O2 2CO2 12.甲烷在空气中燃烧:CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O 13.酒精在空气中燃烧:C2H5OH+3O2 2CO2+3H2O 14.乙炔在氧气中燃烧:2C2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O(氧炔焰)二分解反应:15.双氧水催化制氧气:2H2O2 2H2O+O2 16.水在直流电的作用下分解:2H2O 2H2+O2 17.加热碱式碳酸铜:Cu2(OH)2CO3 2CuO+H2O+CO2 18.加热氯酸钾(有少量的二氧化锰):2KClO3=2KCl+3O2 19.加热高锰酸钾:2KMnO4 K2MnO4+MnO2+
41、O2 20.碳酸不稳定而分解:H2CO3=H2O+CO2 21.高温煅烧石灰石:CaCO3 CaO+CO2 三氧化还原反应:22.氢气还原氧化铜:H2+CuO Cu+H2O 23.木炭还原氧化铜:C+2CuO 2Cu+CO2 24.焦炭还原氧化铁:3C+2Fe2O3 4Fe+3CO2 25.焦炭还原四氧化三铁:2C+Fe3O4 3Fe+2CO2 26.一氧化碳还原氧化铜:CO+CuO Cu+CO2 27.一氧化碳还原氧化铁:3CO+Fe2O3 2Fe+3CO2 28.一氧化碳还原四氧化三铁:4CO+Fe3O4 3Fe+4CO2 点燃点燃加热点 燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃点燃MnO2
42、催化通电加热加热加热加热高温高温高温加热高温高温文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
43、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
44、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
45、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
46、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9
47、G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7
48、 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9文档编码:CX9B3J6V7I7 HW2V9D1R5X6 ZP2J2Q9G6V9名师整理精华知识点四单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐的相互关系(1)金属单质+酸 -盐 +氢气(置换反应)29.锌和稀硫酸Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2 30.铁和稀硫酸Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2 31.镁和稀硫酸M g+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2 32.铝和稀硫酸2Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3
49、+3H2 33.锌和稀盐酸Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2 34.铁和稀盐酸Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2 35.镁和稀盐酸Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2 36.铝和稀盐酸2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2(2)金属单质+盐(溶液)-另一种盐+另一种金属(置换反应)37.铁和硫酸铜溶液反应:Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu 38.锌和硫酸铜溶液反应:Zn+CuSO4=ZnSO4+Cu 39.铜和硝酸汞溶液反应:Cu+Hg(NO3)2=Cu(NO3)2+Hg (3)碱性氧化物+酸 -盐 +水40.氧化铁和稀盐酸反应:Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O 41.氧化铁和稀硫酸反应
50、:Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O 42.氧化铜和稀盐酸反应:CuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2O 43.氧化铜和稀硫酸反应:CuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2O 44.氧化镁和稀硫酸反应:MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2O 45.氧化钙和稀盐酸反应:CaO+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O (4)酸性氧化物+碱 -盐 +水46.氢氧化钠暴露在空气中变质:2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O 47.氢氧化钠吸收二氧化硫气体:2NaOH+SO2=Na2SO3+H2O 48.氢氧化钠吸收三氧化硫气体:2NaOH+SO3=Na2SO4+H2O 49.熟石灰放在空气中变质: