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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高一英语短文改错练习（一）短文改错技巧 湖北大冶五中 饶扬志 高中英语考试中， 短文改错属综合能力测试题型，要求学生全面地运用语言知识，根据语法结构、词汇意义、上下文关系等进行综合判断，找出错误，加以改正。显然这种题型对学生来说有一定的难度，而且也不容易做理想，做好。如何做好 短文改错。可从以下方面去着手。 一 , 改错的要领 1、 不管是短文综合改错，还是单句辨错改错，首先一定要快速阅读全文或全句，抓住中心思想，先从整体上有个了解，这一步很重要，也很关键。因为阅读是理解的条件，理解是判断的依据，而判断是改错基于阅读，阅读有助于改错。要有效地完成改错，必须先阅读，再改
2、错。切忌拿来即改的做法，拿来来即改反倒会制造出更多的错误。 2、 运用语言的基本知识，从句型结构、词的变化、词类的选择、词的搭配、习惯表达出发，进行分析判断，以便尽快找出错误或用法表达上不妥的地方。比如先看句型结构有无问题，是否符合习惯表达，谓语动词的时态、语态、语气是否正确；再看词类词义的选择是否有误，该用哪种词类，是动词、名词还是形容词；然后再看是介词还是副词，该 同哪种词形成固定搭配，表达什么特定的意义等，这是改错测试的重点方面，占很大比例。为此平时一定要注意积累更多的语言知识，扩大词汇量，掌握丰富的英语短语，了解较多的句型结构和习惯表达，这样，在考试中才能游刃有余，迅速地找到错误之处立
3、即加以改正。 重视整体、注意连接，从上下文的关系里找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词。这些词起过渡作用、桥梁作用，不仅连接词、句与段落，使行文流畅，承前启后，上下贯通，相互响应，还能转折上下文的语气，以表达不同的思想内容。关系搞清楚了，自然也就会找出在连接关系上、逻辑关系上不妥的地方或用错的词。 二、错误类型及改错的方法错误大致可分为语法错误、词汇错误和上下文关系错误。这三类错误涉及下列几个方面。 1.主谓 一致方面的错误 改错行中出现谓语动词时，就要找出它的主语，看看 句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上是否一致。这方面的问题是改错题型中最为常见的。 例如： Business today ,whethe
4、r its running a little gas station or a big factory,take good management. 应把take为 takes。例句中whether与or 搭配完全正确，因此可以把焦点放在谓语动词上，结果就发现它与主语business在数上不一致，这样问题迎刃而解了。 Sixty inches,according to John,are the average height in his family. 应把are改为is。表示度量、时间等复数名词作主语时，常把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式。 2谓语动词时态、语态方面的错误 这方
5、面的问题主要包括用 及物动词和不及物动词以及时态和语态方面的误用。例如： John has lived in that house for five years when he decided to move to New York. 应把has lived 改为had lived 。因为lived 的动作发生在decided之前，发生在过去的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成式，后发生的用一般过去式。 The reason for all the changes being made has not explained to us yet.应把has not explained 改为 has no
6、t been explained。因为例句中的主语reason是被解释的对象，是受事者，所以应为被动语态，。 3非谓语动词的用法错误 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。在改错测试中，要求判断是用不定式、动名词还是分词，特别是分词作定语。一看到句子中有分词（现在分词或过去分词），就要判断这个分词是表示主动还是表示被动；是表示现在还是表示过去；是该用现在分词还是过去分词。例如： Police records show a surprised link between changes in the season and crime patterns. 应把过去分词surprised改为现在分词
7、surprising作定语，表示主动的意思，令人吃惊的联系。 He was an optimist convinced that life was worth living for its own sake ,and he could see no reason for looking forward to die as a release.应把to die改为 to dying。因为这里的to是介词，其后应跟名词或动名词。4虚拟语气的用法错误随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式。但凡提到虚拟语气，都与谓语动词的形式有关，所以一定要注意用正确的谓语动词形式。例如：Had Paul rece
8、ived six more votes in the last election,he would have been our chairman now.应把would have been改为would be。这是个错综条件句，主句和从句属不同的时间范畴。The committee members propose that the plan is postponed for a few days.应把is postponed 改为be postponed。这是虚拟证据在宾主从句中的应用。像propose这类词 request,advise,prefer,urge,order,insist,de
9、sire,move,recommend,suggest,demand,require,determine 等出现在主句里，其从句中的谓语动词一定要用虚拟语气，表示要求、 建议、命令、提议、意愿等。5形容词、副词的用误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时，。就要分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级，比较级还是最高级。例如：Apparently our intellectual seasonal cycles are complete different from our criminal tendencies.应把complete改
10、为completely。例句中副词apparently状语，用法正确。但complete 修饰different，用法错误，该用副词completely.This book is very more difficult than the one I recommended for you .应把very改为 far或much，比较级前可用much,far,still,a little,a bit 来修饰，起加强语气或缓和语气的作用，但不能用very。6代词的用法错误代词误用主要是要求判别代词同它所指代的词不达意在单复数、格或人称上是否一致；指代什么，用法是否正确；以及作为形式主语或形式宾语 i
11、t 的用法错误。例如：In most places the jungle rooftop is so thick that this is impossible to see the sun or the stars.应把 this 改为 it .它在句子中作形式主语。I t was him who came running into the room with the news.应把him改为 he 。在强调句 It was + 被强调的部分+ that中，被强调的部分应与后面真正的主句保持人称和数的一致，这里被强调的部分在主句中作主语，所以应用主格代词。7连接词的用法错误连接词的误用主要指
12、连接词用得是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系；还要特别注意混淆连接词的用法，例如：It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any idea of that they are going to do afterwards.应把 that 改为 what 。what 引导宾语从句作 of 的宾语又在宾语从句中作do 的宾语，而 that 则不能。The tourist got to the resort so early therefore t
13、he clerk there wasnt even up yet.应把therefore 改为that. So that表示如此-以致于-。that引导出结果状语从句。8介词（固定搭配）方面的错误介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配、介词惯用词组等是否正确。例如：We feel uncomfortable if our clothes do not look right -if they are not similar with those which other people of our age , sex, country and period are wearing应把 si
14、milar with中的 with改为 to因为similiar与to搭配,构成固定短语 be similar to ，意为 类似的。Of the best of my knowledge. he did very well in his previous job.应把 Of 改为To ，构成固定词组 t o the best of ones knowledge ，意为就某人所知。9易混词的用法错误易混词的误用主要指在意义，概念上容易混淆、用错的词以及单词单复数形式方面的错误。如 such 与so, ago与before,as与like,between与among,etc.Of course
15、the press means more than newspapers. Avast amount of magazines are published, aimed at readers interested in all sorts of subjects.应把 amount 改为 number，因为 amount只与不可数名词连用。Today ,flint has small importance as an industrial product.应把 small 改为 little 。small 用于表示人或物的体积尺寸，不能修饰抽象名词。10词义语义方面的用法错误词义的误用主要指词
16、义语义的重复或句子意义不完整。例如：The creation of mobile extremely greatly extended the limits of the art of sculpture.extremely和greatly意义重复，属赘词，应把 extremely省去。Despite the fact that south Pole is as snow-covered and stromy weathered as the North Pole,Is colder than the North Pole.显然是句子意义不完整，在 is colder 之前缺少主语 it (t
17、he South Pole),应该补上。从上面的例子可以看到，改错是一个具有一定难度而且较为复杂的过程，包括内容多，涉及范围广，要做好这种测试题，非下苦功不可。只有通过广泛阅读，反复大量实践，不断提高，才能走出一条成功之高考英语短文改错出题规律及应试策略 短文改错是集多项语法规则和多种语言技能于一身的综合能力测试题型。此题型要求学生根据语法结构、词汇意义、上下文等进行综合判断，找出错误，考查学生在语篇中对语言的观察能力、评价能力，以及综合运用英语的准确性能力。短文改错的语言材料往往取自于学生的作品，词数在100-120左右；短文为常见话题或学生身边事，以书信、日记、记叙文为主； 语言简单易懂，
18、没有生僻的语言现象或繁难的语句结构。然而，很多同学在做此题时不知如何下手，特别是在读不懂文章的时候，草草了事，得分率很低。尤其，09年浙江英语高考卷的短文改错题进行了改版，就是没有给学生制定哪一行有错，而是让学生在阅读过程中自己寻找，这在一定程度上加大了难度。其实，不管以怎样的形式出题，短文改错都是有规律可循的。如果熟悉出题规律，有效掌握解题思路，此类题目就会迎刃而解。下面总结了几点出题规律和解题思路。一出题规律以及破解关键：1.名词：单复数混用；不可数名词误用可数名词。如：(1) One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my fr
19、iend,讲解： one of后跟名词的复数形式，应此应该把friend改为friends。(2) I gave him some advices on study.讲解： advice为不可数名词，故应把advices改为advice。 常考的不可数名词有：progress，information，news，equipment等。 2. 动词：时态、主谓是否一致、语态、非谓语动词。如：(1). 时态混用I stood there and couldnt believe that a complete stranger is so thoughtful.讲解：很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式，因
20、此应把is改为was。(2).主谓不一致 There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解：句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。(3). 语态Dinosaurs were disappeared in the old times.讲解：“恐龙消失”是主动，所以应该把were去掉。 英语中不及物动词没有被动。如：appear，happen，break out，take place等。(4).非谓语动词The hole became bigger and bigger. The
21、air keeps the balloon up was escaping 讲解：第二句的主谓语动词是was escaping，keeping the balloon up,是V- ing形式作定语修饰the air，因此应把keeps改为keeping 。It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.讲解：在结构it is / was + adj. to do sth中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。因此在give前加to。without是介词，介词后跟
22、V-ing形式，故expect改为expecting。3. 形容词/副词：两者之间是否混用；级别的错误。如：(1) so I grateful accepted the offer.讲解：实意动词应用副词修饰，故把grateful改为gratefully。 英语中形容词往往用来修饰名词或跟在系动词后作表语等；副词修饰动词、形容词、整个句子等。(2) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his better-known one.讲解：better-known应该改为best-known。三或三者以上
23、比较用最高级；句中of all the songs提供了信息。(3) John studies much more harder than any of the others. 讲解：harder已经是比较级形式，因此把more去掉。形容词和副词比较级前可用much，still，even，a lot，rather等来修饰。4. 代词：代词一致；代词的格；代词误用。如：(1) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.讲解：the Smiths指“史密斯夫妇俩”，因此应该把his改为their。(2) Tom sits between Mar
24、y and I.讲解：between是介词，介词后跟人称代词的宾格，故把I改为me。(3) I can express me in English freely.讲解：me改为myself。当主语和宾语指的是同一个人时，宾语往往用反身代词。(4) I find difficult to make friends with you. 我发现跟你交朋友很难。讲解：在find后加it。英语中，形式主语、形式宾语用it。(5) he preferred to give it to everyone else.讲解：根据句意，everyone改为someone。someone else意为“其他人”。5
25、. 介词：词组搭配（名词词组、介词短语和短语动词）中的介词错用、多余或缺漏；介词混用。如：(1) 介词缺漏 Tell them something youre interested, 讲解：be interested in sth意为“对感兴趣”，因此在interested后加in。(2) 介词多余People like swimming in summer because of water makes them feel cool.讲解： 此题考查对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。(3) 介词用错(一般为固定搭
26、配) Could you share your experiences for us? 讲解：share sth. with sb.意思是“与某人分享某事”，故把for改为with。（4）介词混用 a truck came to a stop besides us.讲解：一辆卡车在我旁边停下来，因此把besides改为beside。6 . 冠词：句中冠词是否多余；冠词误用。如：(1) Although we have been members for a short period of time ,we have made a great progress.讲解：progress是不可数名词，
27、故前不能用不定冠词，因此把great progress前的a去掉。（此处与名词考点结合）(2) I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began.讲解：区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。in the front of sth指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面，比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面)；而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面，比如说the car stops
28、 in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。(3) As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.讲解：at an - age固定搭配词组，表示“出于-年龄”，比如说at an early/tender age，可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”(4) and offered us a umbrella because .讲解：把a改为an。冠词后单词的第一个音是元音，用an。例：an honest man，an important role；a
29、useful book，a university。7连词：前后两句之间的衔接关系；连词的混用。如：(1) This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to讲解：连词前后两个句子之间是转折关系，因此把and改为but。 I didnt review the text very well but I could only answer three out from the twenty questions.讲解：连词前后两个句子之间是因果关系，因此把but改为so。 此考点的关键在于判断行文逻辑正确与否
30、。(2) While I first entered my senior middle school, everything seemed unpleasant.讲解：while作连词，“当时”，后跟的从句谓语动词须为延续性动词，因此把while改成when。Although he made great progress, but he still worked hard.讲解：although / though不能与but连用，因此把but去掉。8. 数词：基数词序数词混用。如：We held a party on my sixteen birthday.讲解：把sixteen改为sixte
31、enth。9. 句式：定语从句；名词性从句（that与what或which与what之间的转换等）；强调句；倒装句等。如：(1) Im going to see the film I missed it last Friday. 讲解：把it去掉；I missed 是省略了that的定语从句，it多余。My father has two brothers, both of them are all Party members.讲解：句子之间需要连接词衔接。这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句，故把both of them改为both of whom。(2) We Chinese people ha
32、ve always been concerned about which has happened in your area.讲解：原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子，这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语，所以应该把which改为what。(3) The problem was very difficult that no one could solve it.讲解：根据句意“这道题很难没有人能解答出”，so / suchthat固定搭配“如此以至于”，因此把very改为so。二、解题思路 ：首先，快速浏览全文，把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便
33、标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。然后，细读文章的每一句话。一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来仔细推敲。最后，代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文，看其是否通顺。（1）Dear editor,I am a high school student. A few days before, 1.one of my very good friend told me that he was going2.to stop the school. He said that he wanted to start his3.own business. I tried my best to get him change h
34、is4.mind, but I failed.I know it is difficult of him to change his mind.5.He is not doing so good at his studies, yet I want to 6.insist that I should give it a try. The process(过程) is more7.important than the results. Now there are only 90 days8.left before the test. I am not sure that his decision
35、 is9.right or wrong. I needed your advice.10.Gan Fei（2）Mary did not understand such sentences like “She is blue today.”1.“You are yellow.” “He has a green thumb.” “He has told a white lie.”2.and so on. And she went to the teacher with help.3.Mary: Mrs. Smith, there is a color in each of the sentence
36、.4.What do they mean?Mrs. Smith: In everyday English, Mary, blue sometimes mean5.sad, yellow afraid. A person with green thumb grows plants well.6.And a white lie is not a bad one.Mary: Would you give me a example for a “white lie”?7.Mrs. Smith: Certainly. Now I just give you some cakes. In fact,8.y
37、ou dont like it, but you wont say it. Instead of, you say9.“Yes, thanks, Im not hungry.” Thats a white lie.10.Mary: Oh, I see, thank you very much.（3）Last Saturday, I wanted very much to see a filmtogether with my brother after supper. On my way1.to the cinema, we happen to meet with an American2.na
38、med Peter, who had lost his way, looked worried.3.When he told us that he wasnt able to find 4.the hotel, we decided take him there. While we went 5.to the hotel, we told of Peter the great changes6.that had taken place in our country in the pastfew year, and he told us a lot of things about the7.yo
39、uths in the U.S.A.Although my brother and I missed a interesting8.film, we felt very happily, for we had not only helped9.Peter out of trouble and also learned something from him.10.（4）Women, present and ancient, at the home and1.abroad, wear long hair, which add to their beauty. But few2.people rea
40、lize it affects her brains. Hair grows constantly.3.It takes in nourishment(营养) constantly. If it was short 4.of nourishment, itll die and falls off. Body supplies hair with5.nourishment. It cant stop even in a minute. If it takes in6.too many, that means the hair has already used too much7.nourishm
41、ent that body gives it to the head. As time passes,8.brain is relatively short of nourishment. It leads dizziness(头昏).9.Therefore ones brains will be weakened.10.（5）Mrs. Smith was unable to fall sleeping at night and1.was very tired during the day to do anything, even the2.simple things that she use
42、d to enjoy doing. She had3.headaches more often, it prevented her from reading or4.watched TV. The more she thought about her conditions,5.the more worse she felt. At last she went to see her doctor,6.whom she had known for years. The doctor listened to his7.heart and said “There is nothing serious
43、wrong with you,8.and I accept the fact you dont feel well. Now Ill9.give you some pills(药丸) that help. Come tomorrow morning10.and tell me how you fell.”（6）American is a highly developed country. The way1.of life is quite different from that of us. People in2.the United States live in a rich and bus
44、y life, so that3.cars become popular, and driving is also great importance.4.If you can not drive there, you11 meet much trouble.5.So the American students have driven lessons in high6.school, which is called Safety Education.If youve past the driving test after learning,7.where you can drive the re
45、al car.8.This is called as Behind the Wheel. But there9.must be a grown-up has a drivers license beside you.10.（7）Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often1.broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself,2.and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls,3.a car maker, was very interested in Royces car, but soon4.Rolls and Royce go into business together. One of their first5.model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the6.worlds record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down7.once. After the drive, it was cost just over 2 to put the car8.