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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载高考英语复习 相像词语辨析1.force/make He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. 由于政治缘由, 他被迫离开了自己的祖国；How did the bat make the birds believe that he was on their side. 蝙蝠是怎样使鸟儿们信任他是站在他们这边的？两者都可以作“ 迫使” 解；force 表示用武力或威逼迫使某人做某事,宾语发出的动作常带有不愿意的意味；这种动作可以用带 to 的不定式表示,
2、也可以用动名词表示；用动名词时,要与介词 into 连用；例如：We forced him to gointo going. 我们迫使他去；make 的用法比较广泛,它所表示的强迫性有时不如 force 强,其宾语之后的不定式要省去 to ；但当 make 用于被动语态时,所省去的 to 要补上；例如： I was made to go there alone. 我被迫一个人去那里；2.before long/long before Before long he had to move on again. 不久他不得不再迁移；She said that she had heard of it
3、long before. 她说,她老早就听说过这件事；before long 与 long before 是词义完全相同的两个词组；before long 意为“ 很快” ,“ 不久”soon,after a short period of time ,其中 before 是介词, long 是名词；常在句中作状语,多与动词的过去时或将来时连用；如：Ill go to Shanghai before long. 不久我要去上海；long before 意为“ 很久以前”,其中 long 是副词,long before 单独使用时, before 是副词； long before 后接名词、 代
4、词时, before 为介词； long before 后接从句时, before 为连词； 这个词组常与过去时或过去完成时连用；跟从句时也可以用在现在时的句子中；例如：It will be long before he arrives. 仍要多久他才到达；3.keep/keep on for three days. 接连下了三天的雨；English and using it .It kept raining In the years that followed,Mark kept on studying 在这之后的几年中,马克思连续学习和使用英语；keep 与 keep on 都有“ 不断”
5、 的意思；在表示每隔一会儿即发生的动作时,两者可互换；如： He carght cold and kepton coughing all the morning. 他（得）感冒了,整个上午不停的咳嗽；如表示动作不间断或保持一种状态,就宜用 keep+v-ing ；例如：Wess keep going forward. 我们将不断前进；留意：1keep 或 keep on 后面只能接 v-ing ,不能接不定式；2 两者后接表示动作的 v-ing 如： takling,writing,walking,working 和 standing 等 ,不能接表示静止状态的 v-ing 如 standin
6、g,sitting,lying 和 sleeping 等 ；如不行以说 He kept on sleeping. 4.be sure aboutof/be sure to/be sure that He was not too sure about two things the grammar and some of the idioms. 他在语法和某些方面没有很大的把握；You are sure to understand much more than before.你肯定比以前懂得多了；He was sure that nobody there would steal the money
7、.他确信那儿不会有人偷钱；名师归纳总结 be sure aboutof 意为“ 信任”、“ 对 .有把握” ,后接名词、代词或动名词,第 1 页,共 37 页表示当事人的看法,主语必需是人；be sure to 意为“ 肯定” ,“ 确定” ,后接不定式,往往- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载表示局外人的估计、评论,主语不肯定是人；如：Its sure to rain tomorrow. 明天肯定会下雨； 试比较下面两句：He is sure of living to ninety. 他自信可以活到 90 岁；He is sure
8、 to live to ninety. 他确定可以活到 90 岁； be sure to 用于祈使句时,表示对对方的要求；作“ 务必”,“ 切望” 解；如： Be sure to come tomorrow. 你明天肯定要来； be sure 接 that 从句时,意为“ 认为 . 一不会” ,主语必需是人,that 可以省略； be sure 后面仍可接 whether 或 where,when,who 等引导的名词性从句；这时主句通常是否定形式；如：I am not sure where I left my notebook. 我不能确定我把笔记本忘在什么地方了；5.go on to do
9、/go on doing the world situation.他接着谈了世界形势；He went on to talk about Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night.白求恩大夫整个夜晚都在做手术；go on to do 意为“ 停止以前做的事,接着做另一件事”；go on doing 意为“ 继续做以前的事”；试比较： Lets go on to discuss another question. 我们接着争论另外一个问题吧； Lets go on discussing the question. 咱们连续争论这个问题吧；此外,
10、这两个短语在动作的时间概念上也有所不同,go on to do 指一个时刻的动作,go on doing 指一段时间的动作；例如： I went on to read Lesson Two at half past two. 两点半钟我接着读其次课；I went on reading Lesson Two for half an hour.其次课我连续不断地读了半个小时；6.advice/advise Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 马克思对如何学习外语提出了一些看法；I would advise you to
11、 earn enough money to travel round the world. 我建议你挣些钱去做环球旅行；两者的基本意思都是 “ 劝告” ,“ 建议” ；advice 是不行数名词, 前面不能有不定冠词 a,后面也不能加复数词尾-s ；“ 一项建议” 是 a piece of advice ,不行以说 an advice ；“ 一些（很多、多项）建议” 是 some much,pieces of advice ；advise 是动词,常用作及物动词,间或用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时,后接名词、代词,也可跟含有不定式的复合宾语；仍可跟that 从句,这时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语
12、气；如：rules.同时,I advise that you should go at once. 我劝你立刻就去；7.consult/look up At the same time,consult dictionaries and memorize grammatical 要查字典,记语法规章；When you dont know how to pronounce a new word,you must look it up.当你不知道一个生词怎么念时,必需查字典；两者都可以表示 “ 查” ；consult 意为“ 查阅”refer to ,后接表示 “ 词典或参考书”的名词作宾语；loo
13、k up 的意思是“ 在词典或参考书中查找”find a word,phrase,etc.in a dictionary or reference book ；但有时 look up 后面也跟表“ 词典”、“ 参考书” 的名词,与 consult 通用；如： Did you look up a dictionary for the meaning of the word.你翻词典查过这个词的意思吗？8.memorize/remember 名师归纳总结 If you memorize a few words every day and keep on reading all the ti第 2
14、页,共 37 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - me,you are sure to do well 优秀学习资料欢迎下载study. 假如你每天记住几个单词,并in the English 坚持不断地阅读,你就肯定能学好英语；He rememberd that the word was pronounced plau.他记得这词该读作plau. 、memorize 意为“ 记住”、“ 熟记” ,表示有意识地努力去记；remember 意为“ 记得”“ 记起” 、“ 想起” ,指某件事或某个印象留存在记忆中,常指不需要有意识地追忆便可想起来；9.cl
15、ose/shut/shut off Please close the windows. 请把窗关上；Shut the door,please. 请把门关上；The visionphone shuts off. 电视电话机关上了；三者都有“ 关” 的意思；close 与 shut 表示“ 关窗（门） ” 时,常可通用；但 shut 比 close 意味较强, close 仅指把开着的窗（门）关上的动作,而 shut 就指把窗、门关上并闩住的动作,即含有“ 隔绝内外” 的意思；shut off 意为“ 关掉、停止运转”,常用于关收收音机、发电机、煤气、电视机等,既可看作不及物动词,也可看作及物动词
16、；如：Shut the steam off its getting too warm in here. 把暖气关上屋里太暖和了；10.examination/test We are going to have our term examination next week. 下星期我们将进行期末考试；We had our last physics test. 我们举办了一次物理测验；这两个名词都有“ 考试” 的意思；examination 通常指比较正式的考试；如学期考试、入学考试等,可缩写成 exam,常用于口语；test 指小考或测验；仍可指物理化学等（做）试验； 如：The profess
17、or showed them how to do a test in the chemistry lab. 教授在化学试验室里演示给他们看如何做试验；两者除表示“ 考试” 外,也可作“（身体）检查” 解；如：The doctors gave the little girl all kinds of tests examinations. 医生给小女孩做各种各样的身体检查；11.breath/breathe The young man held his breath. 那年青人屏住气息；The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply. 大夫要查理做深呼吸；两者
18、都有“ 呼吸” 的意思,拼法仅有一个字母之差,用法也就不同；breath 是名词,与 breath 构成的短语有：hold ones breath 屏住气； out of breath 上气不接下气； breathe 是动词,用作及物动词或不及物动词；12.because/since/as He didnt go to the meeting because he was ill.他由于生病没有去开会；Since you have to stay home,why dont you do some shopping. 既然你得待在家里,何不（利用这时间）买买东西呢？名师归纳总结 As he d
19、idnt know much English,he got out his dictionary and looked u第 3 页,共 37 页p the word cough.由于他英语懂得不多,于是就拿出词典查“ 咳嗽” 这个词；t三者是从属连词,引导缘由状语从句；because 意为“ 由于”,它的语气最强,表达主从句间的必定因果关系；因此,回答why 的问句,必需用because ；能放在“it is .that.” 句型中加以强调的也只能是because 引导的从句；它所引导的从句一般放在主句后面,需要强调时, 也可以放在主句的前面；如：Because he was Aristot
20、le,the great hinker,no one questioned his ideas for almost 2000 years. 由于他是亚里斯多- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载德,是一位宏大的思想家,所以差不多 2000 来,无人对他的看法提出质疑；since 要比 because 的语气稍弱而没有 because 那样正式,表示无须加以说明的缘由,这种缘由是已知的；常常译作“ 既然”,所引导的从句多放在主句之前；如：Since you are busy,Ill do it for you. 既然你忙,我来替你做吧
21、；as 意为“ 由于”,“ 鉴于” ,是本组中语气最弱的一个词,它所说明的缘由是比较明显的,可能是已经浅露的缘由；常用于日常的谈话中,它引导的从句可放在句首或主句之后；如：As its raining,youd better stay at home.天在下雨,你最好待在家里；13.agree with/agree to They could not agree with one another. 他们谁也不能同意谁的看法；We agree to this plan. 我们同意这个方案；两者都有“ 同意”、“ 赞成” 的意思；agree with 后面常接表示人或看法（看法）的名词作宾语； a
22、gree to 后面一般接表示提议、方法、方案之类的名词作宾语；此外,agree with 仍有“ 适合” 、“ 符合” 的含义；如：The climate here doesnt agree with him.他不适合这里的气候；14.happen/happen to in London. 这个故事发生在伦敦；hand.冰放在你的手里将会变This story happened What happens to ice when it is placed in your 成什么？The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elep
23、hants side.第一个瞎子碰巧把手放在象的一侧；happen 是不及物动词,意为“ 发生”,其主语往往是物；使用 happen 时须留意： 1不能用于被动语态,如不行以说 An accident was happened last week. 上星期发生了一个事故；应将 was 删去； 2happen 是终止性动词,其现在完成时不能同表示一段时间的状语连用； 如不行以说 The accident has happened for a week. 事故发生已有一星期了；应改成 The accident happened a week ago. 如表示“ 某人发生了什么事” 或“ 某物怎么了
24、” 就用 happen to sb./sth. 结构； 如：Has anything happened to him.他出什么事了？ happen 仍可作“ 碰巧”、“ 恰好” 解,后接动词不定式或用于“it happens that.” 结构；如：I happened to have no money with me=It happened that I had no money with me. 恰好我没带钱；15.quarrel about/quarrel with The six man sat by the roadside all day,quarrelling about the
25、 elephant.那 6 个人成天坐在路边,为了那头象争执不休；名师归纳总结 John quarrelled with his wife yesterday.昨天,约翰跟妻子争执；第 4 页,共 37 页quarrel about 意为“ 为（某事）争执”,quarrel with 意为“ 跟（某人）争执”；16.at all/not at all We were not tired at all.我们一点也不累；Its very kind of you. Not at all.你真客气哪里,哪里；at all 起加强语气的作用,可用于以下几种场合：1 用在否定句中或与含否定意义的词的连用,
26、意为“ 一点也不”、“ 根本不” ；如例1 ；2 用在确定句或疑问句中,常有较强的感情颜色,意为“ 到底”、“ 果真” ；例如： Did you speak at all. 你到底发言了没有？3 用在条件句中,意为“ 既然”、“ （假如）真的、的确”；如： Do it well if you do it at all.既然要做就得做好；not at all 常用作客套语,是“ 别客气” 的意思；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载17.who/that People who can see somethings act just a
27、s foolishly.有时候,眼睛看得见的人也同样做出这类蠢事；Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there. 在那边看报纸的那个人是谁？who 与 that 都可用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句,指人；在从句中做主语时,通常两者可以互换；例如： The boy thatwho helped me is my brother. 帮忙我的那个男孩是我的弟弟；但以下几种情形多用 who：1 先行词为 those 时,如： Those who want to go to the cinema,please be at the sch
28、ool gate at four oclock.想去看电影的人, 请四点钟到达校门口；2 先行词为 one,ones 或 anyone 时,如：They said,the clothes made of this magic cloth would be invisible to anyone who was unfit for the office he held. 他们说, 这种魔布缝制的衣服,任何一个不称职的人是看不见的；如主句是以 who 开头的疑问句, 就其后的定语从句宜由 that 引导；如例 2 ；18.that/which This is the best film that
29、has been shown this year. 这是今年放过的最好的一部电影；The earth,which goes round the sun,is called a planet.地球环绕太阳运转,被称为行星；关系代词 that 与 which 引导的定语从句时,都可指物,都可作主语和宾语；有时两者可互换；如：A place is a machine thatwhich can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器；但在以下情形下, 只宜用 that ,不用 which ：1 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；如例 1 ；2 先行词被序数词以及 only,very,last 等修饰时；如：The
30、 first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们该的第一件事是订个方案；3 被修饰的先行词为 all,much,little 等不定代词时,如：All that can be done must be done.凡能做到的事情都必需做；4 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们聊起他们所能记得的学校里的人和事来；5 关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,如：My home villag
31、e is no longer the place that it used to be. 我的家乡现在已不再是过去那个面貌了； 在以下情形下只宜用 which ,不用 that ：1 在非限制性定语从句中,如例 2 ；2当关系代词前面有介词时,如：This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住过的房间；19.as soon as/once to him as soon as school is over. 一放学我就把这张便Ill give this note 条给他；Once you see him,you will never fo
32、rget him. 你一旦见到他,就永久忘不了他；两者都可译作 “ 刚 . 就.” 、“ 一旦 . 就.” ,表示主句动作紧接在从句动作之后 发生； as soon as 强调时间的紧接,once 就带有条件意味；试比较：As soon as the bell rang,the teacher came in. 铃一响,老师就进来了 不宜用 once ；You wont find it difficult once you have understood the rule. 一旦你懂得了这条规律,你就不会感到困难 了； 不宜用 as soon as 20.receive/accept 名师归纳
33、总结 Our country sometimes uses man-made satellites to send and receive TV p第 5 页,共 37 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载rogrammes. 我国有时候使用人造卫星发送和接收电视节目；He did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was rady to accept it. 他预备接受一种观念之前,都先进行试验,对它加以验证；这两个词都有“ 接” 的意思；receive 指“ 接到”
34、 、“ 收到” 这一动作或事实,不涉及是否愿意或同意,可以表示收到信件、礼物、邀请,或接受训练、命令等；accept 指经过考虑“ 接受” 下来,强调其主观上愿意“ 接受”；再看下例： Yesterday he received a present,but didnt want to accept it. 昨天他收到一件礼物,但他并不想要；receive 仍可表示“ 接待”、“ 会见” , accept 就没有这种意义；如：We often receive foreign guests. 我们常常接待外宾；留意：receive 是终止性动词,其现在完成时不能同表示一段时间的状语连用；如不行以说
35、 I have received your letter for five days. 应当说 I received your letter five days ago. 21.watch/observe In the evening we watched dancing and singing in a big theatre.晚上,我们在一家大剧场看了歌舞；He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted.他认真观察事物,对任何事情从不想当然；watch 意为“ 看着” 、“ 观看” 、“ 凝视” ,后接名词或
36、代词作宾语,也可接由不带 to 的不定式或现在分词构成的复合宾语,仍可接连接代词或副词引导的从句,但不能接 that 从句；例如：I watched them get into the car. 我看着他们上了车； He stopped to watch us working. 他停一来看我们干活；Watch what I do and how I do it. 看我的动作,看我是怎么做的；observe 意为“ 观看”watch carefully,也可表示“ 留意到”see,notice,后接名词或代词、复合宾语 与 watch 同 ,仍可接 that 从句；例如： We observed
37、 that it had turned cloudy. 我们留意到天转阴了；22.decide/make up ones mind Jenny decided to turn the wallet in first. 詹妮打算先交钱夹；Galileo made up his mind to test Aristotles theory by doing experiments. 伽利略下决心通过试验验证亚里斯多德的理论；两者都有“ 打算”、“ 决心” 的意思；decide 着重指经过考虑、商谈或争论之后而作出打算, 后跟名词、 代词、 动词不定式或从句,可用于被动语态中；如：Nothig is
38、 decided yet. 什么都没有打算下来；make up ones mind 是与“ 迟疑、动摇、不知所从” 等相对的说法,意味着打定想法,下了决心,后跟不定式或 that 从句,也可单独使用；有时也解作“ 认定了某事”；如： Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects. 亚里斯多德认定重的物体比轻的物体下落得快；23.slow/slowly 名师归纳总结 A feather falls slower than a stone. 羽毛比石头落得慢；第 6 页
39、,共 37 页He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly.他观看到羽毛落地很慢；两者都可以用作副词,表示“ 渐渐地” 的意思；slow 常用在动词go,drive,speak,read 等后面或副词how 后面；如： How slow he walks. 他走得多慢啊！My watch goes slow. 我的表常常慢； slowly 可置于行为动词的前后或句首；如：Mr Bakers face slowly turned red. 贝克先生的脸渐渐地变红了；slow 的比较级和最高级是slower,slowest ；而slowly
40、 的比较级和最高级是more slowly,most slowly ；slow 仍可作形容词,意为“ 慢的”、“ 迟钝的” ；如： He was old and slow. 他年纪大,行动迟缓；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载24.pay/spend/cost He paid one yuan for the apples. 他买苹果花了一元；thousand francs.买新I spent ten yuan on the dictionary.这本词典花了我十元；The new diamond necklace cost the Loisels thirty-six 钻石项链花掉了卢瓦泽尔夫妇三万六千法郎；三者都有“ 花费（金钱）” 的意思,但用法不相同；pay 与 spend 的主语应当是人,使用它们的方式分别是 sb.pays some money for sth. 和 sb.spends some money on for sth. 或 sb.spends some money in doing sth.cost 的主语总是所购买的东西,而购物的主人常常是它的间接宾语,其方式是 sth.costs sb.some money；试比较：The coat c