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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 新课标高三其次轮专题讲解代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一,也是考生简洁出错的项目,由于代词具有较大灵活性；考生在做代词挑选填空时最简洁犯的错误是 1）机械地套用语法规章；2）用汉语思维去分析题意； 从高考考查情形看,高考考查最多的是不定代词,由于不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分,其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词；人称代词主格 宾格第一单数复数其次第三第一其次第三人称人称人称人称人称人称I you he she it we you they me you him her it us You them 形容my your his her its o
2、ur your their 物主代词词性名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词myself yourself himself ourselves yourselves themselves herself itself 指示代词this that such these those such 相宾格each other one another 互代全部格each other s one another s词不可数one each, many, a few ,both, another, either., neither 不行数much,
3、 a little 定可数不行数any other all some 代复合anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything 词不定代词everybody nobody nothing 疑问代词who whom whose which what 连接代词who whom whose which what （参见第九讲）关系代词who whom whose which that （参见第十一讲）1.人称代词 在句中作主语用主格,在句中作宾语 ,就用宾格；She teaches them physics.
4、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在句中作表语常用宾格；Who is it. Its me.但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中 ,强调的是主语 ,故 I 用主格； 两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序是：单数按 2,3,1 人称排列,复数按 you, she and I ; we, you and they 2.物主代词 形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 We love our motherland. 1,2, 3 人称次序排列； 名词性物主代词可
5、用作主语 ,表语和宾语 Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词 用作宾语、表语,或主语、宾语的同位语He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语）She is not quite herself today. 她今日身体不太舒适； （表语）I myself can repair the bike. （主语的同位语） 常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳by oneself= alone 独自 be oneself 处于正常状态 ,显得自然for oneself 独立、为自己 enjoy oneself 玩得
6、开心seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿气devote oneself to 用心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客come to oneself 清醒 make oneself at home 不要客气4.指示代词 this 和 that 是近指 , that 和 those 是远指I dont want this book. I want that one.有时为了防止重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面显现过的名词At this time of year , the weather here is much colde
7、r than that in Nanjing. 名师归纳总结 this 和 that 都可代表前面提到过的事情,如显现两个名词,指代前面的用that 指代较后面第 2 页,共 33 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的用 this；但如指下文将要表达事情,就只能用this,不能用that；此外,仍可用于代替上文中显现过个单数或不行数名词,且后面带有 of 短语修饰；Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康胜于财宝 ;财宝不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福 T
8、hey cant afford it. That/this is their problem. 句中 this=wealth; that=health What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use. 此句中 this 不能用 that 替换 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. such 的用法such 一般在句中作定语和主语 Such is my answer. .用作定语时 ,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后；Such are the
9、 results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. 用作定语时 ,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在 5.相互代词 在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn from each other. 加s后成为全部格,作定语such 之后 such a good book；They asked about one anothers life and work.6.不定代词不定代词种类较多,在使用时应留意其用法与区分；为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出；不定代词区别 We例句t ve b
10、een looking at the houses but havenfound _ we like yet. one, some,one 可以泛指人或者事（东A.one B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in any 和 it 西）,其复数为ones；fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - som
11、e 可用于疑问句中,表或Your coffee smells great. It from Mexico . Would you like _. C.this 示希望得到确定的答复,A.it B.some 者表示建议,恳求等；D.1ittle I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. some 和 any 修饰可数名词 Which of the three ways shall I take to the 单数时, some 表示某个,village. any 表示任何一个；_
12、way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one 指同类中的一个,it 指 代同一种类的东西；记住下列三点区分：it =the /this/ my + 单数 名词one =a/an+单数名词 it 代替特定的单数名词 one 代替不特定的单数名 词 one 之前加上定冠词 the 可以表示特指,one 前如有 形容词修饰 ,之前仍可以加 上不定冠词 ,但是 it 之前既 不能加冠词也不能加形容 词修饰；此外 it 仍可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型 中；some 多用于确定句, any 多 用于疑问句和否定句；There is st
13、ill a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow . No, Id rather buy in the bookstore.A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it This film is an interesting one. Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. There s _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1i
14、ttle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _. A.none B.either C.any D.each He doesn have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ea
15、ch 和each 强调个别, 代表的数可 Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each of us has a dictionary.= We each have a 以是两个或两个以上,而dictionary. every every 强调整体,所指的数 Every student has strong and weak points. 必需是三个或三个以上；Every one of us has strong and weak points. Which of the two books will you take. I ll take _and I
16、 think _of them is very important to me. all 和 both both 指两个人或物 ,而 all 指A. either; neither B. neither; both 三个以上的人或物. 在句中C. both; either D. either; both 都可作主语,宾语,表语 ,同Which of those electronic dictionaries do you 位语和定语like most. _.They are both cheap and of great importance. A. None B. Both C. Neith
17、er D. All 留意： both, all, each, every 以及由 every 构成的不定代词显现在否定句中,不管否定词在前仍是在后,都是部分否定：All of them dont like musi c=Not all of them like music. 他们并不都喜爱音乐；要表示完全否定,需要借助neither,none ,no one ,nothing, nobody 等；Neither of them doesnt like music. 他们俩都不喜爱音乐；of None of them dont like the music. 他们都不喜爱音乐；none 和 no
18、 no 等于 not any,作定语；There is no water in the bottle. none 作主语或宾语, 代替不How much water is there in the bottle. None. 可数名词,谓语用单数,代None of the students are is afraid 替可数名词, 谓语单复数皆difficulties. 可；other 泛指“ 另外的, 别的”other 和常与Both sides have accused of 其 他 词 连 用 , the other breaking the contract. day, A. anot
19、her B. the other C. neither every other week, D. each some other reason, no other Two students in our class failed, but all the way, others passed the exam. the other 特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others；We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun ,another another 指“ 又一个,另一 个” ,复数形式是 others,泛指“ 别的人或事” ；so
20、 lets have _ one this monthA. the other B. some C. another D. other The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Do you want tea or coffee. _,I really dont mind. either
21、和前者意思为： 两者中任何一A. none B. neither C. either D. all 方都；It was hard for him to learn English in a neither 后者意思为：两者都不；family,in which _ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neitherC. both D. each few 和 little 表示没有多少 ,含否定意义 ,而 a few 和 a little表示一few 和 little; 些 ,有几个 , 含确定意义.另The old man knows a
22、little English. 外 , few a few 和 a 与 a few 修饰可数名词 , littleFew of them can speak Russian. little 与 a little 修饰不行数名词；此外 quite a few , quite a little 意思是“ 不少 , 相当多的” ；7.it 的用法用作人称代词 ,代替前文提到的事情；This bike is not mine. Its Peters.用以代替提示代词 this, that What is this. It s a pen.Whose book is that. It s Mike s.
23、 起指示代词的作用 ,指一个人或事物Who is knocking at the door. It me. Who is making such a noise. 指环境情形等；It must be the children. It was very quiet at the moment. 指时间,季节,天气,气候等What time is it. It is eight oclock.It often rains in summer. 指距离It is five kilometers from the office to my home. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页
24、,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is a long way to the factory. 作形式主语和形式宾语当动词不定式 ,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it 作句子的形式主语It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late. It is no use crying over split milk. It i s a pity that you didnt read the book.,而当复合宾语中的宾语是不定
25、式,动名词 ,宾语从句时 ,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面用 it 作形式宾语 ,放在宾语补足语之前I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 留意： see to it that （务必）和 take it for granted that（想当然）句型中的 it,以及词 it；组 make it （做事胜利,搞定）中的 用于强调结构（详见第十二讲）要强调
26、句子的某一部分 通常是主语 , 状语 , 宾语 , 可以把 it 当作先行词 . 这种句子的 . 假如强调的部分是人 , 结构是“ It iswas+ 被强调部分 +that who + 句子的其余部分”可用 who whom 代替 that I met an old friend in the park yesterday. 此句各部分被强调后句型如下：It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday. It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterd
27、ay. It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday. It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. Our neighbors gave_ _a baby bird yesterday that hurt_ _when it fell from its nest. 名师归纳总结 A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, 第 7 页,共 33 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -
28、 - - - - - - it To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【解析】答案为 A；us students 是同位结构； us 是宾语, students为 us 的同谓语,又如：tell us all；Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. A. him and
29、 her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers 【解析】答案为 B；在句中作表语, 指“ 他的邮票和她的邮票 her stamps； Who called me this morning when I was out. A man calling _ Robert. ” 用 his and her =his stamps and A. him B；B. himself C. his D.不填【解析】答案为由于“call sb./oneself+某名” 就是“ 叫某人/ 自称某名字” ；句意是“ 一个自称罗伯特的人” ,用 himself；
30、Isn t it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury.A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 【解析】答案为 C；itself 指代前面的 the human body； He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _. _ was in 2000 when he was still in college.名师归纳总结 A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This
31、D. that; It 第 8 页,共 33 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解析】答案为D；that 可以指代过去的情形,下句是强调句型的省略形式=it was in 2000 when he was still in college he got his first book published. Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street. Victoria Street. _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. Such B. There C. That D
32、. This 【解析】答案为C；that 代替上下文提到的地方；The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 【解析】答案为C；that 用来指代前面的名词The English,以防止重复；题意是“美国英语现和英国英语只有很微小的差别了；” 在英语中, that 仍常可以用来指代人口、天气、金钱等；如：The weather here is hotter than that in t
33、he north of the country. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some 【解析】答案为 A；由于替代前面的不行数名词（little） joy,所以用 that,而不是 those；此外指示代词“this 和 that” 仍可以用作副词修饰形容词,相当于“so” ；Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much
34、to do. A. such B. that C. more D. very 【解析】答案为 B；much 前用 so, 不用 such；口语中,常用 that 来代替 so；If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _. I wont read them this week. A. all B. any C. either D. both 【解析】答案为 D；由前后语境来看,应是建议对方将两本书都拿去看；You may drop in or just give me a call. _ wil
35、l do. A. Either B. Each C. Neither either； D. All 【解析】答案为A；由前句可知是指两者中的“ 任何一个” ,用Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for our study. 名师归纳总结 A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none 第 9 页,共 33 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ o
36、f the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neitherC. both D. each 【解析】答案为B；neither 表示“ 两者都不” ,句意：在父母都不懂英语的家庭里学习英语,对于他来讲是很困难的；The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 【解析】答案为C；依据句意“ 谁能捕捉那只老虎,无论死活,市长将给赏金5000 美元”应选 C
37、 项；其它三个选项均与题意不符；Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any 【解析】答案为 A；由于在 Would you . 等表示恳求、劝请或建议之类的问句中,一般用 some；又由后文“ 买些油” 可知,家里“ 没有油” 了,所以用 请你到邻近 的店子里买些回来好吗？Would you like _, sir. No, thanks.
38、I have had much.A. some more oranges B. any more oranges orange little；句意：家里没有油了,C. some more orange D. any more 【解析】 答案为 A；由答语中的much 可知, 对话中的orange 是指 “ 桔子汁 ” 而非 “桔子 ” ,是不行数名名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 词,没有复数形式,排除选项A 和 B；在劝请的疑问名中用some不用 any,排除选项 D； I m moving to the co
39、untryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one that 能替代不行数名词C. that D. those 【解析】答案为C；选项中只有the air ；one 替代“a单数可数名词” ,表示泛指；特指的the one 相当于 that；the one 复数形式 the ones,在口语中也常用 those代替；当后面有 of 短语时,一般用 that 或 those,当有前置修饰语时,只能用 ones,如 the red one；ones, the ones, those,
40、that 都是替代“ 同类” 事物,其中只有 that 可替代不行数名词； Weve been looking at houses but haven t found _we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 【解析】答案为 A；one =a house, 指我们喜爱的那一类房子； Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 【解析】答案为B； 替代泛指的名词复
41、数problems,用 ones；those是替代特的 “the +复数名词 ” 的； My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 【解析】答案为B；由语境可判定是特指,且作My most famous relative of all 的同位语,用 the one； There is still a copy of the book in the lib
42、rary. Will you go and borrow . No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 【解析】答案为 A；it 指代前面的 a copy of the book,后面的意思是：我要到书店去买一本（不是特指哪一本） ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I think hes just going to deal with this problem _ day. A. next B. other C. following D. another 【解析】答案为 D；表示“ 改天” 用 二天” 时,another day；但表示相对于过去或将来某天来说的“ 第用 the next