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1、1基本词法句法梳理词法学习1。动词（1）行为动词Istayedathomeanddidsomework.我呆在家里做些事。Ivejusthadacoffee,thanks.感谢，我刚刚用过咖啡。Ithasnotyetbeenannouncedwhowilljudgethecase.谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。I dont know how to dressright.我不知道怎样穿着得体。我不知道怎样穿着得体。Dont expect money to buyyouhappiness.别希望拿金钱去买快乐。Hewaskilleddoinghisduty.他以身殉职。Org
2、anizations hope to improve the publics environmental awareness.Cancer strikes in every country in the world.癌症攻击全球各国。癌症攻击全球各国。.组织者希望提高公众的环境意识。组织者希望提高公众的环境意识。（2）持续动词持续动词 Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616.We watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.莎士比亚生于莎士比亚生于1564年，死于年，死于1616年。年。我们凝视着
3、火车直到它在远处消逝。我们凝视着火车直到它在远处消逝。Sheworeanewdressfortheceremony.她为参与庆典穿了一身新装。她为参与庆典穿了一身新装。I hope it doesnt rain tomorrow.我希望明天不要下雨。我希望明天不要下雨。Hecameroundearlierbutheonlystayedforafewminutes.他来得比较早可是只呆了几分钟。他来得比较早可是只呆了几分钟。I read about it in this mornings newspaper.我是在今日的早报上读到这个消息的。我是在今日的早报上读到这个消息的。（3）及物动词及物动
4、词 She spread a cloth over the table.她铺了一张桌布。她铺了一张桌布。I let him have my watch for his camera.我让他的相机和我的手表交换了一下。我让他的相机和我的手表交换了一下。Itpuzzledmewhysheagreedtocomewhensheissobusy.我惊异她既然那么忙为什么同意来。我惊异她既然那么忙为什么同意来。If you know the answer raise your hand.假如知道答案就举手。假如知道答案就举手。The doctor told me to get more sleep.医生
5、告知我要多睡眠。医生告知我要多睡眠。（4）不及物动词不及物动词 Wait outside the door until you are asked to get in.在外面等着，叫你进来，你再进来。在外面等着，叫你进来，你再进来。It poured with rain throughout the night.整夜大雨瓢泼。整夜大雨瓢泼。Thesunriseswhenitappearsabovethehorizon.太阳从地平线上升起。太阳从地平线上升起。Bombs were falling on the city all night.整夜向这座城市投弹。整夜向这座城市投弹。You cant
6、 expect the money to appear from nowhere.不能要来路不明的钱。不能要来路不明的钱。Icouldseepeoplemovingtoandforinthesquare.我看到人们在广场上来来往往。我看到人们在广场上来来往往。Were hoping for good weather,of course.我们当然希望好天气。我们当然希望好天气。She often wished for a quieter life.她总是希望过上安静一点的生活。她总是希望过上安静一点的生活。（5）及物与不及物动词及物与不及物动词 The children greatly desi
7、re to come to Beijing.孩子们最大的愿望是来北京。孩子们最大的愿望是来北京。He promised(me)not to interfere.他答应不予干扰。他答应不予干扰。Write me when time permits.时间允许的话写封信来。时间允许的话写封信来。（6）反身动词反身动词 They dressed themselves like the villagers.他们装扮成村民。他们装扮成村民。The little girl hid herself in the big box.小姑娘把自己藏在大箱子里。小姑娘把自己藏在大箱子里。You may help yo
8、urself to the books on the shelf.书在架子上，你自己拿。书在架子上，你自己拿。（7）系动词系动词 He went a child but returned an old man.他走时还是孩童，归时已是老人。他走时还是孩童，归时已是老人。What you said sounds all right.你说的听上去还不错。你说的听上去还不错。Theproblemseemsquitesimple.这个问题似乎挺简洁。这个问题似乎挺简洁。The plan proved practicable.这个支配证明可行。这个支配证明可行。Dontmarrytooyoung.结婚不
9、要太早。结婚不要太早。Mr Wang Luobins story has long remained a mystery.王洛宾的故事很久以来是个谜。王洛宾的故事很久以来是个谜。（8）表感觉知觉动词表感觉知觉动词 I could smell he had been smoking.我能闻出他抽烟。我能闻出他抽烟。My leg ached after long trip.走长路后我的腿疼。走长路后我的腿疼。Im sorry;I hope I didnt hurt you.?对不起，我没有损害你吧？对不起，我没有损害你吧？（9）表心理动词表心理动词 It is understood that yo
10、u will come.信任你会来的。信任你会来的。I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind.我可以清晰地想象出这一景象。我可以清晰地想象出这一景象。Idontthinkheisright.我认为他不对。我认为他不对。You cant believe how badly he drives.你无法信任他开车技术有多糟。你无法信任他开车技术有多糟。I suppose we ought to wait till she arrives.我想我们应当等她来。我想我们应当等她来。（10）表关系动词表关系动词 She owns a car but rarely
11、 drives it.她有一辆轿车但很少开。Has this project been cost?这项工程估价了吗？Whodoesthehousebelongto?这房子属于谁？He couldnt prove that the crime is related to her.She often referred to you in the letters.她常在信中提起你。他不能证明罪行与她有关。（11）表情感动词表情感动词 Wed love you to come to dinner.我们很情愿你来吃饭。He cared for her deeply.他深深地爱着她。Idetesthimc
12、omplaining.我极厌烦他发牢骚。I dislike his doing it.我不宠爱他做这事。Myhusbandhatesgoingshopping.我丈夫厌烦逛商场。She is a sweet women,who asked for nothing but to love and cherish her husband.她是一个温顺的女人，除了疼爱丈夫别无所求。（12）短语动词短语动词 I came across an interesting article in a magazine.我在一本杂志上间或看到一篇好玩的文章。我在一本杂志上间或看到一篇好玩的文章。Well look
13、 into the matter thoroughly.我们要彻底调查这件事。我们要彻底调查这件事。The prize is 500 dollars,which works out to about 4,000yuan.奖品是奖品是500美元，折合人民币约美元，折合人民币约为为4000元。元。My rent was paid for six months in advance.我预付出了六个月的房租。我预付出了六个月的房租。The tricks were meant to be seen only once.这种把戏只能玩一次。这种把戏只能玩一次。There are only four to
14、choose from.只有四种选择。只有四种选择。He finally caught a sight of the village.他最终看到了村庄他最终看到了村庄Wearetakingproperadvantageofouropportunity.我们在适当地利用机会。我们在适当地利用机会。Ill be absent from work tomorrow.我明天不上班。我明天不上班。I kept up with many of my old classmates.我和老同学保持着联系。我和老同学保持着联系。2动词时态动词时态 Traffic accidents usually happen
15、 when people are not careful enough.人们不够留意往往造成交通事故。人们不够留意往往造成交通事故。He disappeared from our lives 43 years ago.他他43 年前就不知所终。年前就不知所终。Donteatsomanysweets,oryourteethwillgetworse.不要吃很多甜食，那样牙齿会坏。不要吃很多甜食，那样牙齿会坏。She said she would buy a better house for her parents她说她要给父母买一套好点的住房。她说她要给父母买一套好点的住房。Ivecomeonly
16、forafewmoments.我已到了一会儿。我已到了一会儿。They will have received my email now.他们此时会收到我的他们此时会收到我的email。It was raining heavily then.那时正下着大雨。那时正下着大雨。It was raining heavily then.那时正下着大雨。那时正下着大雨。I wonder what you are doing now.我想知道你在干什么。我想知道你在干什么。Children will be taking their holidays soon.孩子们很快要放假。孩子们很快要放假。Kate t
17、old me that her husband would be coming next day.卡特对我说她丈夫其次天要来。卡特对我说她丈夫其次天要来。11.Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?你始终在干什么？12.Tom died last night,he had been a good friend of mine.别焦急，别焦急，他会很快把全部这一切遗忘的。他会很快把全部这一切遗忘的。13.Dont worry,he will have forgotten all about it soon.别焦急，他会很快把全部这一切遗忘的。14.He told us
18、that the party would have arrived by two oclock.他告知我这一行人两点钟以前到达。15.Ishallhavebeenworkinginthecompanyfor4yearsbytheendofthisyear.到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。16.Isupposethattheplaywouldhavebeenrunningbythen.我想那部话剧到时会上演。我想那部话剧到时会上演。3动词语态动词语态 Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。Drivers were warned not
19、to break the rules.警告司机不要违规。警告司机不要违规。We hope that an agreement will be arrived at.我们希望能达成协议。我们希望能达成协议。Theexperimenthasbeenplannedsince1994.自自1994年就支配了这个试验。年就支配了这个试验。She looked at the books that had been placed on the shelf.她看了看已经放在架子上的书。她看了看已经放在架子上的书。He said the book would have been published by the
20、 end of this month.他说这本书将在年底出版。他说这本书将在年底出版。Whenwecalled,theteawasbeingserved.我们到的时候，正值上茶之际。我们到的时候，正值上茶之际。The sick girl is being taken good care of.这个病女孩在受到很好地看护。这个病女孩在受到很好地看护。Waste things mustnt be thrown away everywhere.废物不能到处乱扔。It could be seen that he was excited.看得出来他很激烈。4助动词助动词 Do not touch the
21、 exhibits.不要触动展览品。不要触动展览品。Have you got the tickets for train?你拿到火车票了吗？你拿到火车票了吗？Eachcitizenshallcarryhisidentificationcardwhentraveling.每个公民出行都要带身份证。每个公民出行都要带身份证。HowcanIgettothezoo?怎样去动物园怎样去动物园？Beijingers will show you the way to the station.北京人会指给你去车站的路。Would you tell me your new address?告知我你的地址好吗？5
22、情态动词情态动词 Beijing can be very hot in July.七月的北京很热。七月的北京很热。You may phone the office.你可以给办公室打电话。你可以给办公室打电话。You might tell me the truth.你要跟我说实话。你要跟我说实话。Passengersmustnotwalkacrosstheconstruction.乘客不行跨越工地。乘客不行跨越工地。Oilwillfloatonwater.油会浮在水面上。油会浮在水面上。Hewouldgoinspiteofmywarning.他不听我的警告还是要去。他不听我的警告还是要去。Ify
23、ouworkwell,youshallhavehighwage.假如你干得好，你就会拿高工资。Dare he tell me what he knows?他敢于告知我他知道的事情吗？It needs no explanation.不必说明。Youd better be on time.你最好准时。11.Westudentsoughttoobeytherules.我们学生应当遵守规定。12.My husband used to drink beer.我丈夫从前常常喝啤酒。6虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you,I would go there.假如我是你，我就到那去。If only I h
24、ad taken your advice.要是我当时听从你的劝导就好了。But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.假如不是暴风雨，我们本该早点到达。IwishIhadbeenmorecarefulnexttime.愿下一但次我会细致些。Its necessary that John take the exam first.约翰有必要先参与考试 Its a pity that she miss the chance.很缺憾她错过了这次机会。Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.任何在他的位置上的人都
25、同样会做的。The guard insisted that everyone show their passports.卫士坚持每人出示自己的护照。7非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式不定式 I feel it my duty to help others.帮助他人是我的职责。帮助他人是我的职责。He found the door locked.他发觉门锁住了。他发觉门锁住了。Toescapethepulloftheearth,arocketmustreachaspeedof28440km/h.火箭需达到每小时火箭需达到每小时28440公里的速度公里的速度才可脱离地球引力。才可脱离地球引力。Where
26、 to go hasnt been decided.到哪里去还没有定下来。到哪里去还没有定下来。Letsgetapieceofmusictolistento.我们来听一首曲子吧。Come have a glass.来喝一杯吧。Dont come till I tell you to.我不通知你，你不要来。Whynotdoitagain?为什么不再做一遍呢？为什么不再做一遍呢？To be brief,the matter stands thus.简而言之，简而言之，事情就是这样。事情就是这样。I remember to lock the door.记得要锁门啊。记得要锁门啊。动名词动名词 Say
27、ing is easier than doing.说比做要来得简洁些。说比做要来得简洁些。Stop littering when walking in the street.在街上走路不要扔纸屑。在街上走路不要扔纸屑。After hearing the good news,all people were cheerful.听到这个好消息，人们欢呼雀跃。听到这个好消息，人们欢呼雀跃。Nevergiveuptryingagain.决不要放弃再试一次。Ive enjoyed talking to you about it.我很兴奋和你谈论这个事情。My mother is not in favor
28、of my selling the piano.母亲不赞成我卖钢琴。现在分词现在分词 My fathers story is very interesting.我父亲的经验很有意思。Mr Chang is an honest and understanding man.张先生是一位既醇厚又精彩的人。He is a college student,studying China law.他是一个学习中国法律的高校生。Herbloodpressureclimbedsharply,reaching190/100.她的血压陡然上升达190/100。When using the machine,you m
29、ust read the instuction first.运用机器前先要看说明书。Beingsurrounded,hewasnotabletogetoutofthecrowd.他因为被包围无法脱出人群。The boiling water is too hot to drink.滚开的水太烫没法喝。过去分词过去分词 She is an adopted child.她是一个被收养的儿童。Dont get very exhausted when you do exercises.操练时不要太劳累。The question mentioned again is very important.重又提出
30、的问题很重要。Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable.在书店度过时间最有乐趣。He came in unnoticed.从这个角度看，事情就没那么严峻了。没有人留意到他进来。Seen in this light,the matter is not so serious.Idontliketoseeyoudisappointed.我不宠爱看到你懊丧的样子。This done,he left the office.做完后，他离开了办公室。One gets used to all things.人总是随遇而安。Youd better drink the boil
31、ed water.你最好饮用凉白开水。8名词名词 Youll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.你会觉得这张地图助你巡游伦敦大有用途。你会觉得这张地图助你巡游伦敦大有用途。Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a littlepatience.我要尽快调查此事。只是要有耐性。Hegainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.他出版著名作家的作品发了财。The coffee cup wa
32、s broken.这个咖啡杯子打碎了。9数词数词 She became a famous scientist in her thirties.她三十多岁就成为一个著名科学家。她三十多岁就成为一个著名科学家。Shortly after the accident,two dozens of police were sent to the spot to keep order.事故发生不久，有二十四名警察被派往事故发生不久，有二十四名警察被派往现场维持秩序。现场维持秩序。Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大。He wrote a two-thous
33、and-word article the other day.前几天他写了一篇两千字的文章。10代词代词Everyonesaidtheywouldhelp.大家都说要帮忙。大家都说要帮忙。-CanyoucomeonSundayorSaturday?-Imafraidneitherdayispossible.你是周日还是周六来呢你是周日还是周六来呢?生怕哪一天也来不了。生怕哪一天也来不了。Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Icantrememberwhich.布莱克先生不是来自牛津高校就是来自剑桥高校，我记不得是哪一所高校了。Ihopetherea
34、reenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.我希望有足够的眼镜为每一个客人准备一副。11冠词冠词Manypeoplearestillinthehabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.很多人照旧习惯在公共场合乱写乱画。很多人照旧习惯在公共场合乱写乱画。Wouldntitbeawonderfulworldifallnationslivedinpeacewithoneanother?假如各国彼此和平相处，那不是很奇妙假如各国彼此和平相处，那不是很奇妙的世界吗的世界吗？12介词、介词短语介词、介词短语 The train leave
35、s at 6:00pm.So I have to be at the station by 5:40.at the latest.火车下午六点开车。所以我必需最晚5点40分之前赶到车站。If you keep on,youll succeed in time.假如你坚持下去，迟早会成功的。假如你坚持下去，迟早会成功的。Wecongratulatehimonhavinganewjob.我们庆贺他找到了新工作。我们庆贺他找到了新工作。The diameter of a circle passes through the centre.圆的直径通过圆心圆的直径通过圆心。On account of t
36、he weather,we had to cancel the projected outing.由于天气的缘由我们只好取消了支配好的郊游活动。Onhisdoctorsadvice,hetookamonthholiday.他听从医生的劝告休假一个月。They robbed him of every penny he had.他被偷得分文全无。他被偷得分文全无。He spoke to us of his experience in the air-raid on London.他给我们讲解并描述了在伦敦空袭的经过。13连词连词 Neither books nor pens nor a piece
37、 of paper was found on his desk.他的桌上没有书，没有笔，就连一张纸他的桌上没有书，没有笔，就连一张纸片都没有。片都没有。Would you like a cup of tea first or shall we get down to business right now?我们是先喝杯茶呢还是现在就着手谈生意？我们是先喝杯茶呢还是现在就着手谈生意？Smokingaddstothegenerallevelofairpollutionas well asdamageourhealth.吸烟增加空气污染的总体指标同时有害健康吸烟增加空气污染的总体指标同时有害健康。In
38、 case of emergency,telephone this number.假如紧急，请拨打这个电话号码。假如紧急，请拨打这个电话号码。14形容词形容词 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.一个挺难取悦的人必定很难共事。一个挺难取悦的人必定很难共事。We often go to a park nearby on weekends.我们周末常常去旁边公园。我们周末常常去旁边公园。We spent the last few sunny days there.我们在那度过最终几天晴朗的天。我们在那度过最终几天晴朗的天。M
39、ygrandpaisaweaksmalloldman.我祖父是个瘦弱老人。What he said sounds reasonable.他说的听上去有道理。This is just as important an experiment as that.这个试验和那个试验一样重要。Hethoughtitsafertodrivehimselfthanletmedo.他觉得自己开车比让我开车平安些。I like apples best of all fruits.全部水果中我最宠爱苹果。Draw a straight line on the paper.在纸上划始终线。15副词 A new car
40、is rather too much for me.对我来说买辆新车太贵了。Do come straight to the point.开宗明义。This happened early in 1950.这事发生在1950年初。Ofthethreeboys,Davidrunsfastest.三个男孩中，大卫跑得最快。三个男孩中，大卫跑得最快。The shirt fits perfectly.这件上衣很合体。这件上衣很合体。Things gradually improved.状况渐渐改善。状况渐渐改善。TheweatherwasratherworsethanIhadexpected.天气比我们预期
41、的要天气比我们预期的要糟。His lecture is interesting enough.他的讲座很有意思。他的讲座很有意思。（9）Thinkfirst,thenact.先思后行。先思后行。16构词法构词法（1）合成法 My mother is a middle-aged teacher.我母亲是一位中年老师。Sino-Japanese trade has been expanding.中日贸易始终在扩大。I wrote a five-page summary of the situation.我写了五页形势总结。Mr.Greenismybrother-in-law.格林先生是我的堂兄。T
42、heZhongguanCunisnowaheartlandofscienceandtechnology.中关村是科技的中心地带。（2）派生法 We mustnt judge by appearance.(appear)我们不要以貌取人。Let me say this in conclusion.(conclude)让我这样说作为结束。Let me know the time of your arrival.(arrive)请通知我你们到达的时间。He was careful in performance of his duty.(perform)他细致执行任务。（3）转换法（前缀/后缀）转换法
43、 That was very thoughtless of you.你真是太不动脑子。His house was very small and untidy.他的房子又小又不整齐。Shewantedtosavehersisterfromunhappiness.她想帮妹妹从不快中解脱出来。Thepathwasinvisible.小路看不见。Idislikechangemymind.我不愿变更办法。（4）缩写和简写EntrytotheWTO(theWorldWorldTradeOrganization)willhelpChinaimproveitsdevelopmentofeconomy.中国加入
44、世界贸易组织会推动经济发展。ShehastotaketestssuchasTOEFL(TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage)andGRE(GraduateRecordExamination).她必需参与如托福和GRE的考试。句法结构基本句型（1）主主+谓谓+宾宾Shesmiledherthanks.她以微笑答谢。她以微笑答谢。Everytradehasitsrules.各行各业都有行规。各行各业都有行规。（2）主+谓+宾+补Hewantedhermothertobeingoodhealth.他希望她的母亲健康。Weprovedherwrong.我们证明她错了。（3）主
45、+谓+宾+状+补Herhusbandmadeherhappy.她的丈夫使她感到华蜜。Ifindhimtobeanhonestman.我认为他是一个诚恳的人。（4）主谓一样Thereareagreatmanyanglestothismatter.看事情有很多角度。Thereisnoenvironmentaldamage.环境没有被破坏。MaryandJanewenttothetheatrewithafriendoftheirs.玛丽和珍尼是和他们的一位挚友一起去戏院的。(5)宾语的形式Ithinkitwrongtowastetheresource.我认为奢侈资源是错误的。Ihatetroubli
46、ngyou.我不愿给你添麻烦。Doyouknowhowtogetthere?你知道如何到达那里吗？(6)主句与从句主句与从句Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.爱丽斯受到老板的邀请，这使她感爱丽斯受到老板的邀请，这使她感到惊异。到惊异。Fiveyearswentbybeforeheknew.他五年之后才知道这件事。他五年之后才知道这件事。(7)独立片语独立片语Thisdone,hewateredtheflowersinthegarden.做完了这件事，他到花园浇花。做完了这件事，他到花园浇花。Totellthetr
47、uth,Idontbelieveitatall.说实话，我根本就不信任。说实话，我根本就不信任。Thewavesbeatingviolentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldnothearhercryforhelp.由于大浪疯狂地拍打海岸，人们无法听由于大浪疯狂地拍打海岸，人们无法听到她的呼救声。到她的呼救声。简洁句简洁句（1）陈述句陈述句Littlebylittlehissavingsaccumulated.他一点一点地积攒。他一点一点地积攒。ThomasEdisonwasborninMilan,Ohio,onFebruary11,1847.托玛斯爱迪生托玛斯爱迪生1
48、847年年2月月11日生于日生于俄亥俄，米兰。俄亥俄，米兰。（2）疑问句Didyoudecidetohumorher?你确定对她迁就（让步）了吗？Hasshegotabigflat?她有了一套大房子了吗？Isthereanythingwrongwiththetruck?这辆卡车出什么毛病了？WhatcanIdoforyou?须要帮助吗？Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?我们和你的挚友一起游泳好吗？Nothingcanstopusnow,canit?没有什么能阻挡我们，是不是？Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?你的父亲律师还是医生？（3）祈使
49、句Takecareofyourbelongings.保管好你的随身用品。Pleasewriteatyourearlyconvenience.请早日写信。Dothingsthebestwayforthejob.工作要选择最佳方式。Neverneglecttotakecareofyourhealth.千万不要忽视保重身体。Dontforgetthatcommunicationisatwo-waything.切记任何沟通都是双向的。Keeptheenvironmentalsanitationinthescenicspot.维护景区内环境卫生。（4）感叹句Whataprettybird!多么美丽的鸟啊
50、！Lookout!Becarefulwhereyouputyourfeet.留意看脚下！Howwellyoulook!你看来多么健康！复合句复合句（1）定语从句定语从句Iknowsomefarmerswhosefamiliesarestillpoor.我了解有的农夫的家仍旧贫困。我了解有的农夫的家仍旧贫困。Thetimehascomewhenwemustsaygoodbye.到说再见的时候了。到说再见的时候了。IdliketohavethesametoyasJimusedtohave.我想要吉姆过去玩的一样的玩具。我想要吉姆过去玩的一样的玩具。Youcancallmefromthreetofi