《养猪生产中的七个要点.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《养猪生产中的七个要点.ppt（41页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、养猪生产中的七个要点 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望7 7 Vital PointsVital PointsI.I.GeneticsGenetics 遗遗 传传II.II.Animal EnvironmentsAnimal Environments 动动 物物 环环 境境III.III.NutritionNutrition 营营 养养IV.IV.Herd HealthHerd Health 猪猪 群群 健健 康康V.V.Marketing the
2、ProductMarketing the Product 销销 售售 产产 品品VI.VI.Waste ManagementWaste Management 排排 污污 管管 理理VII.VII.Production ManagementProduction Management 生生 产产 管管 理理iI.I.GeneticsGeneticsi 遗遗 传传iII.II.Animal EnvironmentsAnimal Environmentsi 动动 物物 环环 境境iIII.III.NutritionNutritioni 营营 养养iIV.IV.Herd HealthHerd Healt
3、hi 猪猪 群群 健健 康康iV.V.Marketing the ProductMarketing the Producti 销销 售售 产产 品品iVI.VI.Waste ManagementWaste Managementi 排排 污污 管管 理理iVII.VII.Production ManagementProduction Managementi 生生 产产 管管 理理iGenetics Genetics 遗遗 传传i-Performance of the pig will never be Performance of the pig will never be betterbett
4、erithan that level of performance than that level of performance permitted bypermitted byithe information encoded in its the information encoded in its genetic material.genetic material.i猪的生产性能决不会超过企遗传信息猪的生产性能决不会超过企遗传信息所允许的表现所允许的表现iGenetics is important in several key aspects Genetics is important i
5、n several key aspects of production:of production:i遗传在养猪生产的下列方面很重要：遗传在养猪生产的下列方面很重要：hhReproduction Reproduction 繁殖繁殖hhGrowth Growth 生长生长hh Resistance to Disease Resistance to Disease 抗病能力抗病能力hh Product Acceptability Product Acceptability 产品接受能力产品接受能力iReproductive Characteristics with a Genetic Compon
6、ent遗传组分的繁殖特性 Age at First Estrus 初情期 Intensity and Duration of Estrus 发情表现和持续时间 Seasonal Infertility 季节性不孕anestrus 不发情failure to conceive 配种失败pregnancy loss 妊娠失败abortion 流产late return to estrus 返情推迟sow“not in pig”failure to farrow 分娩失败prolonged wean-estrus interval 断奶到发情间隔延长iReproductive Characteris
7、tics with a Genetic Reproductive Characteristics with a Genetic ComponentComponenti繁殖性状遗传组分繁殖性状遗传组分i Pigs Born Alive Pigs Born Alive 活产仔数活产仔数iiOvulation Rate Ovulation Rate 排卵率排卵率iiFertilization of Ova Fertilization of Ova 受精受精iiEmbryo Durability Embryo Durability 胚胎存活力胚胎存活力iiDevelopment and Surviva
8、l of Fetus to Term Development and Survival of Fetus to Term 分娩前胎畜的发分娩前胎畜的发育和存活育和存活 iLitter Weight at Birth Litter Weight at Birth 出生重出生重iMilk Production Milk Production 泌乳量泌乳量iWean to Estrus Interval Wean to Estrus Interval 断奶到发情的间隔断奶到发情的间隔iLongevity Longevity 使用寿命使用寿命iLibido Libido 性欲性欲Growth Char
9、acteristics with Genetic ComponentsGrowth Characteristics with Genetic Components生长性状遗传组分生长性状遗传组分iAverage Daily Gain Average Daily Gain 日增重日增重44Body weight gain Body weight gain 体增重体增重44Lean tissue gain Lean tissue gain 瘦肉组织增重瘦肉组织增重iMature Body Size Mature Body Size 成熟体格成熟体格44Growth curve Growth cur
10、ve 生长曲线生长曲线xxEarly growth Early growth 早期生长早期生长xxSustained growth Sustained growth 持续生长持续生长44Should be appropriate to desired market weightsShould be appropriate to desired market weights应是理想上市体重应是理想上市体重44Regression of Body Size Regression of Body Size 体格的回归体格的回归xxBoar Gilt BarrowBoar Gilt Barrow 公猪
11、公猪 母猪母猪 阉公猪阉公猪iFeed Efficiency Feed Efficiency 饲料效率饲料效率44Nutrient Digestion and Absorption Nutrient Digestion and Absorption 养分的消化和吸收养分的消化和吸收44Metabolism of Nutrients Metabolism of Nutrients 养分代谢养分代谢iUniformity of Growth Uniformity of Growth 生长一致性生长一致性44Large drafts of Uniform Pigs MarketedLarge dra
12、fts of Uniform Pigs Marketed大批一致的上市猪大批一致的上市猪44Ability to design exact nutritional regimensAbility to design exact nutritional regimens设计正确的营养配方的能力设计正确的营养配方的能力Growth Characteristics with Genetic ComponentsGrowth Characteristics with Genetic Components生长性状遗传组分生长性状遗传组分Genetic Resistance to Disease抗病遗传i
13、Durability Durability 耐粗性耐粗性44Robust,Durable-Coarse Robust,Durable-Coarse 强壮，耐粗强壮，耐粗-粗糙粗糙44Fragile-Refined Fragile-Refined 敏感敏感-精细精细iFoot and Leg Structural SoundnessFoot and Leg Structural Soundness肢蹄结实度肢蹄结实度iHumoral Immunocompetency-Ig ProductionHumoral Immunocompetency-Ig Production体液免疫性体液免疫性IgIg
14、产生产生iCellular ImmunocompetencyCellular Immunocompetency细胞免疫性细胞免疫性iSLA/MHC HaplotypeSLA/MHC Haplotype Product Acceptability 产品接受能力iPSE Pork PSE Pork 苍白松软渗水猪肉苍白松软渗水猪肉44Halothane Gene Halothane Gene 氟烷基因氟烷基因44Napole Gene Napole Napole Gene Napole 基因基因44Others?Others?其它？其它？iIntramuscular Fat Content Int
15、ramuscular Fat Content 肌间脂肪含量肌间脂肪含量iIntramuscular Glycogen Content Intramuscular Glycogen Content 肌间糖原含量肌间糖原含量iMuscle Fiber Characteristics Muscle Fiber Characteristics 肌纤维性质肌纤维性质iSkin/Hair color Skin/Hair color 皮肤皮肤/毛发颜色毛发颜色44Preferences of market Preferences of market 市场喜好市场喜好44Dehairing ability D
16、ehairing ability 脱毛能力脱毛能力Animal Environments 动物环境iHousing Housing 圈舍圈舍iEquipment Equipment 设施设施iInteraction of the Pig with the Production Interaction of the Pig with the Production Environment Environment 猪和市场环境的互相影响猪和市场环境的互相影响iInteraction of People with the Production Interaction of People with th
17、e Production Environment Environment 人和市场环境的相互影响人和市场环境的相互影响 Animal Environment-Housing Animal Environment-Housing 动物环境圈舍动物环境圈舍iDesigned for Pigs to live in.Designed for Pigs to live in.为为 猪猪 而而 设设 计计iPig Oriented Housing DesignsPig Oriented Housing Designs以猪为指南的圈舍设计以猪为指南的圈舍设计iTemperature Control Tem
18、perature Control 温度控制温度控制44Heating Heating 加热加热44Cooling Cooling 降温降温iVentilation Ventilation 通风通风44Moisture Control Moisture Control 湿度控制湿度控制44Temperature Control Temperature Control 温度控制温度控制Animal Environment-Equipment动物环境设施iAccess to feed Access to feed 采食饲料能力采食饲料能力iAccess to water Access to wate
19、r 饮水能力饮水能力iConfinement/Control Confinement/Control 封闭封闭/控制控制iAnimal Comfort Animal Comfort 动物舒适动物舒适iUsability-“ergonomics”Usability-“ergonomics”可使用能力人类工程学可使用能力人类工程学Animal Environment-Interaction with the Pig动物环境和猪的互相影响iProduction Efficiency Production Efficiency 生产效能生产效能iPig Welfare/Well-being Pig W
20、elfare/Well-being 猪的福利猪的福利iStress Reduction Stress Reduction 应激下降应激下降Animal Environment-Interactions with People.动物环境与人的互相影响iEase of Operation Ease of Operation 易于操作易于操作iWorker Productivity Worker Productivity 工人生产能力工人生产能力iAvoidance of Hazardous ConditionsAvoidance of Hazardous Conditions避免危险的条件避免危险
21、的条件iReduction of Injuries Reduction of Injuries 减少伤害减少伤害Nutritional Challenges 营养挑战iMeet the Nutritional Requirements of the PigMeet the Nutritional Requirements of the Pig满足猪的营养需要满足猪的营养需要iEconomic Optimization of Diet FormulationsEconomic Optimization of Diet Formulations日粮配制的经济最优化日粮配制的经济最优化iMeet D
22、emands of the Market for FeedMeet Demands of the Market for Feed满足市场对饲料的需求满足市场对饲料的需求iContinuing ResearchContinuing Research继续研究继续研究iProducer EducationProducer Education生产者培训生产者培训Nutritional Requirements of the Pig猪的营养需要iSituation-Specific Requirements Situation-Specific Requirements 特别需要特别需要44Geneti
23、cs Genetics 遗传遗传44Gender Gender 性别性别44Production Environment Production Environment 生产环境生产环境44Stage of Production Stage of Production 生产阶段生产阶段44Desired End-product Considerations Desired End-product Considerations 考虑市场对终产品的需求考虑市场对终产品的需求Nutritional Optimization 营养优化iFormulation Formulation 配方配方44Opti
24、mal Production Levels Optimal Production Levels 最佳生产水平最佳生产水平44Optimal Costs of Production Optimal Costs of Production 最佳生产成本最佳生产成本44Best CostBest Cost，not only Least-Cost.not only Least-Cost.最佳成本不只是最低成本最佳成本不只是最低成本iGrowth Modeling Growth Modeling 生长模型生长模型44Avoid Underformulating or OverformulatingAvo
25、id Underformulating or Overformulating避免不足或过度配方避免不足或过度配方44Improve Growth Rate,Feed EfficiencyImprove Growth Rate,Feed Efficiency提高生长速度，改善饲料效率提高生长速度，改善饲料效率44Increase Protein Accretion Rate and Total Lean%Increase Protein Accretion Rate and Total Lean%提高蛋白增长速度和总瘦肉量提高蛋白增长速度和总瘦肉量Nutritional Optimization
26、 营养优化iInteractive Growth ModelingInteractive Growth Modeling猪与生长模型的互作猪与生长模型的互作44Constant Flow of Data from FarmConstant Flow of Data from Farm猪场数据持续转化为模型猪场数据持续转化为模型44Adjustment of Diets to fit Feed intake and Growth Adjustment of Diets to fit Feed intake and Growth rates.rates.调整日粮以与饲料采食量和生长速度相吻合调整日
27、粮以与饲料采食量和生长速度相吻合Demand of the Market for Feed市场对饲料的需求iProducer Preferences Producer Preferences 生产者的偏爱生产者的偏爱iLocal Ingredients Local Ingredients 当地原料当地原料iTradition Tradition 传统传统iKnowledge Knowledge 知识知识Producer Education 生产者培训iThe more we understand the system,the The more we understand the system,
28、the better job we can do.better job we can do.对系统了解越多，就会把工作做得更好对系统了解越多，就会把工作做得更好iPerfection of Knowledge Expels Fear.Perfection of Knowledge Expels Fear.彻底了解就会无所畏惧。彻底了解就会无所畏惧。Applied Nutrition Research Challenges应用营养学研究iBridge the Gap Between Producers and Bridge the Gap Between Producers and Resear
29、chers.Researchers.沟通生产者和研究者沟通生产者和研究者iDemonstration/Proving of Existing Technologies.Demonstration/Proving of Existing Technologies.现有技术的演示与验证现有技术的演示与验证iDevelop Ways to Implement New Technologies.Develop Ways to Implement New Technologies.新技术的开发渠道新技术的开发渠道iAssess the Impact of Technologies on the Indu
30、stry Assess the Impact of Technologies on the Industry and Suggest Appropriate Action.and Suggest Appropriate Action.评估技术对养猪业的影响并提出可行方案评估技术对养猪业的影响并提出可行方案Basic Nutrition Research Challenges基础营养研究iRefinement of Nutrient RequirementsRefinement of Nutrient Requirements完善营养需要完善营养需要iDevelop Practical Meth
31、ods for Evaluating FeedstuffsDevelop Practical Methods for Evaluating Feedstuffs开发评价饲料原料的实用方法开发评价饲料原料的实用方法iBiochemical/Biometric Testing of Pigs to Determine Biochemical/Biometric Testing of Pigs to Determine Nutritional Adequacy/Excess.Nutritional Adequacy/Excess.进行猪的生化进行猪的生化/生物统计学测定，生物统计学测定，以确定营养适
32、量以确定营养适量/过量过量iTechniques for Improvement of Nutrient Utilization.Techniques for Improvement of Nutrient Utilization.改善养分利用的技术改善养分利用的技术Herd Health Challenges 猪群健康iReduce the Economic Impact of Infectious Reduce the Economic Impact of Infectious Disease Disease 减少疾病造成的经济损失减少疾病造成的经济损失44Epidemic Disease
33、 Epidemic Disease 流行病流行病44Endemic“Production”Disease Endemic“Production”Disease 流行生产病流行生产病iMake Reliable Diagnostic Services AvailableMake Reliable Diagnostic Services Available可靠的诊断服务可靠的诊断服务iDevelop and Implement Preventive ProgramsDevelop and Implement Preventive Programs开发和实行预防计划开发和实行预防计划iEstabli
34、sh Eradication Programs.Establish Eradication Programs.建立根除计划建立根除计划The Decline of the Antibiotic Age 抗生素时代的衰退Trend:Lessening of the Role of Antibiotics in Pig Production.Trend:Lessening of the Role of Antibiotics in Pig Production.趋势：养猪生产中抗生素的作用在减弱趋势：养猪生产中抗生素的作用在减弱iMicrobial ResistanceMicrobial Resi
35、stance细菌的抵抗力细菌的抵抗力iConsumer ConcernsConsumer Concerns消费者关注消费者关注iCost Reduction Cost Reduction 降低成本降低成本xxMedicine Medicine 药物药物xxLabor Labor 劳力劳力xxLost production Lost production 生产损失生产损失Alternatives to Antibiotic Use.取代抗生素使用的可行措施iManagement Management 管理管理44All-in/All-out All-in/All-out 全进全出全进全出44Ea
36、rly Weaning Early Weaning 早期断奶早期断奶44Segregation and Isolation Segregation and Isolation 隔离隔离44Better Animal EnvironmentsBetter Animal Environments个个 较好的动物环境较好的动物环境Alternatives to Antibiotic Use.取代抗生素使用的可行措施iGenetics Genetics 遗传遗传iVaccination Vaccination 疫苗注射疫苗注射iBetter Diets Better Diets 较好的日粮较好的日粮i
37、Innovative Dietary Ingredients Innovative Dietary Ingredients 新的日粮组分新的日粮组分44 ZnO-Useful 2 weeks after weaning ZnO-Useful 2 weeks after weaning ZnO ZnO断奶后断奶后2 2周有效周有效44 Oligosaccharides(effect not yet proven)Oligosaccharides(effect not yet proven)寡糖（效果尚未证实）寡糖（效果尚未证实）Eradication of Internationally Imp
38、ortant Epidemic Viral Diseases of Swine根除重要的世界流行病毒病iWhy?Why?为什么？为什么？44Elimination of Present and Future ThreatElimination of Present and Future Threat消除现行和将来的恐惧消除现行和将来的恐惧44Gain Access to International Export MarketsGain Access to International Export Markets获得国际出口市场获得国际出口市场44USA free from:USA free f
39、rom:美国没有：美国没有：00FMD-1920s FMD-1920s 口蹄疫口蹄疫00HCV-1980s HCV-1980s 猪瘟猪瘟 00PRV-2000 PRV-2000 伪狂犬病伪狂犬病 44Canada,Japan-free Canada,Japan-free 日本，加拿大没有日本，加拿大没有44Europe Europe 欧洲欧洲Eradication of Internationally Important Epidemic Viral Diseases of Swine 根除重要的世界流行病毒病iMethods Methods 方法方法44Area Vaccination to
40、 Reduce Spread and EffectArea Vaccination to Reduce Spread and Effect区域性进行疫苗注射以减少传播和危害区域性进行疫苗注射以减少传播和危害44Elimination of Reservoirs and“Virus Factories”Elimination of Reservoirs and“Virus Factories”消除病毒库和病毒工厂消除病毒库和病毒工厂44Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools诊断工具诊断工具44Effective VaccinesEffective Vaccines有效的
41、疫苗有效的疫苗44Management-Education-TrainingManagement-Education-Training管理培训训练管理培训训练Diagnostic Challenges 诊断iKnowledge-Based Disease ManagementKnowledge-Based Disease Management对疾病了解基础上的疾病控制对疾病了解基础上的疾病控制44Problems are often Multifactorial.Problems are often Multifactorial.问题经常是多因素引起的。问题经常是多因素引起的。44The tr
42、eatment should fit the problem.The treatment should fit the problem.治疗应对症治疗应对症iEstablish Linkage Between Farms and LabsEstablish Linkage Between Farms and Labs建立猪场和实验室之间的联系建立猪场和实验室之间的联系44Trust-mutual Trust-mutual 互相信任互相信任44Financial-testing costs money.Financial-testing costs money.财政检验需要花钱财政检验需要花钱4
43、4Service-good answers on time.Service-good answers on time.服务好的回答是及时回答服务好的回答是及时回答Diagnostic Challenges 诊断iAdaptation of Old and New TechnologiesAdaptation of Old and New Technologies新新 旧旧 技技 术术 的的 应应 用用44Bacteriology-Bacteriology-细菌学细菌学xxculture and sensitivity culture and sensitivity 培养和敏感性培养和敏感性xx
44、bacterins bacterins 自价疫苗自价疫苗44Histopathology Histopathology 组织学组织学44Advanced Methods Advanced Methods 先进方法先进方法xxELISA ELISA 酶联免疫酶联免疫xxPCR,In-situ Hybridization PCR,In-situ Hybridization xxElectron Microscopy Electron Microscopy 电子显微镜电子显微镜iLaboratories Laboratories 实验室实验室44Farm Farm 猪场猪场44Regional Re
45、gional 地区地区44National Reference Laboratories National Reference Laboratories 国家参考实验室国家参考实验室Marketing the Product 销售产品iPromotion Promotion 推销推销iProduction Production 生产生产44Serve the People Serve the People 服务服务44Food Safety Food Safety 食品安全性食品安全性xxMicrobiological Safety Microbiological Safety 微生物学安全微
46、生物学安全xxFreedom from Harmful Chemicals Freedom from Harmful Chemicals 不含有害化学物质不含有害化学物质44Attractive Product Attractive Product 有吸引力的产品有吸引力的产品xxFreedom from PSE Freedom from PSE 没有没有PSEPSExxAntioxidant Feeding Antioxidant Feeding 抗氧化剂饲喂抗氧化剂饲喂44Tastes good Tastes good 味道好味道好xxIntramuscular Fat Intramusc
47、ular Fat 肌间脂肪肌间脂肪xxIntramuscular Glycogen Intramuscular Glycogen 肌间糖原肌间糖原xxTexture Texture 质地质地Waste Management 废弃物管理iOdor Odor 气味气味iChemicals Chemicals 化学品化学品44Nitrogen-NHNitrogen-NH4 4+,NO,NO3 3-氮氮44Carbon skeletons Carbon skeletons 探架探架44Phosphorus Phosphorus 磷磷44Sulfur Sulfur 硫硫44Other minerals-
48、copper,etc.Other minerals-copper,etc.其它矿物质铜等其它矿物质铜等iRecycling/Recapture of Nutrients Recycling/Recapture of Nutrients 回收养分回收养分44water-large space water-large space 湿需要较大空间湿需要较大空间44dry-small space dry-small space 干需要空间较小干需要空间较小44aerobic or anaerobic?aerobic or anaerobic?需氧还是厌氧？需氧还是厌氧？Waste Management
49、 Challenges 废弃物管理i-a limiting factor for future growth.a limiting factor for future growth.是日后养猪业发展的限制因素是日后养猪业发展的限制因素iNorth Carolina North Carolina 北卡罗来纳州北卡罗来纳州441990s-rapid expansion 1990s-rapid expansion 迅速扩大发展迅速扩大发展44Now-No New Pig Farms Permitted.Now-No New Pig Farms Permitted.现在不允许建立新猪场现在不允许建立新
50、猪场iNIMBY-ismNIMBY-ism44Not In My Back Yard.Not In My Back Yard.（别在我的房子后面建猪场）。别在我的房子后面建猪场）。Production Management Challenges生产管理iPig Factors Pig Factors 猪的因素猪的因素iPeople Factors People Factors 人为因素人为因素Production Management-People 生产管理 人iTraining Training 培训培训44Establish proficiency Establish proficienc