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1、当液体在有限的密闭空间中蒸发时，液体分子通过液面进入上面空间，成为蒸汽分子。由于蒸汽分子处于紊乱的热运动之中，它们相互碰撞，并和容器壁以及液面发生碰撞，在和液面碰撞时，有的分子则被液体分子所吸引，而重新返回液体中成为液体分子。开始蒸发时，进入空间的分子数目多于返回液体中分子的数目，随着蒸发的继续进行，空间蒸汽分子的密度不断增大，因而返回液体中的分子数目也增多。当单位时间内进入空间的分子数目与返回液体中的分子数目相等时，则蒸发与凝结处于动平衡状态，这时虽然蒸发和凝结仍在进行，但空间中蒸汽分子的密度不再增大，此时的状态称为饱和状态。在饱和状态下的液体称为饱和液体，其蒸汽称为干饱和蒸汽(也称饱和蒸汽
2、)。 饱和蒸汽与过热蒸汽的区别：饱和蒸汽压力与温度有一一对应关系，如已知饱和蒸汽压力为0.5MPa，则温度为158，反之，已知饱和蒸汽温度为180，则压力必为0.9MPa，所以从压力与温度数据可以判断是否为饱和蒸汽、过热蒸汽。饱和蒸汽温度1mpa以下160170度左右 1mpa以上170195度左右 过热蒸汽在2mpa以上就400度左右. 饱和蒸汽温度压力对照表 温度（）绝对压力（bar）barbar1001.0131343.0411687.5451011.0501353.1311697.7311021.0881363.2231707.9201031.1271373.3171718.11410
3、41.1671383.4141728.3111051.2081393.5131738.5111061.2501403.6141748.7161071.2941413.7171758.9241081.3391423.8231769.1371091.3851433.9311779.3531101.4331444.0421789.5741111.4821454.1551799.7981121.5321464.27118010.0271131.5831474.39818110.2591141.6361484.51018210.4961151.6911494.63418310.7381161.74715
4、04.76018410.9831171.8041514.88918511.2331181.8631525.02118611.4881191.9231535.15518711.7471201.9851545.29218812.0101212.0491555.43318912.2781222.1151565.57719012.5511232.1821575.73219112.8291242.251585.87219213.1111252.3211596.02519313.3981262.3931606.18119413.6901272.4681616.33919513.9871282.544162
5、6.50219614.2981292.6221636.66719714.5961302.7011646.83619814.9091312.7831657.00819915.2261322.8671667.18320015.5491332.9531677.362压力MPa温度压力MPa温度压力MPa温度压力MPa温度0.00099.50.180131.00.00099.5-0.07265.00.005101.00.185131.5-0.00299.0-0.07464.00.010102.00.190132.0-0.00498.5-0.07663.00.015103.50.195132.5-0.0
6、0697.5-0.07862.00.020104.50.200133.5-0.00897.0-0.0860.00.025105.50.210134.5-0.01096.5-0.08159.00.030107.00.220135.5-0.01296.0-0.08257.50.035108.00.230136.5-0.01495.0-0.08356.00.040109.00.240137.5-0.01694.5-0.08455.00.045110.00.250139.0-0.01894.0-0.08553.50.050111.00.260139.5-0.02093.0-0.08652.00.055
7、112.00.270140.5-0.02292.5-0.08750.00.060113.00.280141.5-0.02492.0-0.08848.50.065114.00.290142.5-0.02691.0-0.08947.00.070115.00.300143.5-0.02890.5-0.09045.50.075115.50.310144.5-0.03090.0-0.09143.50.080116.50.320145.0-0.03289.0-0.09241.50.085118.00.330146.0-0.03488.5-0.09339.00.090119.00.340147.0-0.03
8、688.0-0.09435.50.095119.50.350147.5-0.03887.0-0.09532.50.100120.00.360148.5-0.04085.5-0.09628.50.105121.00.370149.5-0.04284.5-0.09723.50.110121.50.380150.0-0.04484.0-0.09817.00.115122.50.390151.0-0.04683.0-0.0996.50.120123.00.400151.5-0.04882.0摘自：化工工艺设计手册下册,1986年第一版0.125123.50.420153.0-0.05081.00.13
9、0124.50.440154.5-0.05280.00.135125.00.460156.0-0.05478.50.140126.00.480157.5-0.05677.50.145126.50.500158.5-0.05876.00.150127.00.520160.0-0.06075.00.155128.00.540161.0-0.06273.50.160128.50.560162.5-0.06471.50.165129.00.580163.5-0.06670.00.170129.50.600164.5-0.06868.00.175130.5-0.07066.5压 力 换 算 压力 1巴（
10、bar）=105帕（Pa） 1达因/厘米2（dyn/cm2）=0.1帕（Pa） 1托（Torr）=133.322帕（Pa） 1毫米汞柱（mmHg）=133.322帕（Pa） 1毫米水柱（mmH2O）=9.80665帕（Pa） 1工程大气压=98.0665千帕（kPa） 1千帕（kPa）=0.145磅力/英寸2（psi）=0.0102千克力/厘米2（kgf/cm2） =0.0098大气压（atm） 1磅力/英寸2（psi）=6.895千帕（kPa）=0.0703千克力/厘米2（kg/cm2）=0.0689巴（bar）=0.068大气压（atm） 1物理大气压（atm）=101.325千帕（kPa
11、）=14.696磅/英寸2（psi）=1.0333巴（bar） 饱和蒸汽压力、温度对照表压力MPa温度压力MPa温度压力MPa温度压力MPa温度0.00099.50.180131.00.00099.5-0.07265.00.005101.00.185131.5-0.00299.0-0.07464.00.010102.00.190132.0-0.00498.5-0.07663.00.015103.50.195132.5-0.00697.5-0.07862.00.020104.50.200133.5-0.00897.0-0.0860.00.025105.50.210134.5-0.01096.5-
12、0.08159.00.030107.00.220135.5-0.01296.0-0.08257.50.035108.00.230136.5-0.01495.0-0.08356.00.040109.00.240137.5-0.01694.5-0.08455.00.045110.00.250139.0-0.01894.0-0.08553.50.050111.00.260139.5-0.02093.0-0.08652.00.055112.00.270140.5-0.02292.5-0.08750.00.060113.00.280141.5-0.02492.0-0.08848.50.065114.00
13、.290142.5-0.02691.0-0.08947.00.070115.00.300143.5-0.02890.5-0.09045.50.075115.50.310144.5-0.03090.0-0.09143.50.080116.50.320145.0-0.03289.0-0.09241.50.085118.00.330146.0-0.03488.5-0.09339.00.090119.00.340147.0-0.03688.0-0.09435.50.095119.50.350147.5-0.03887.0-0.09532.50.100120.00.360148.5-0.04085.5-
14、0.09628.50.105121.00.370149.5-0.04284.5-0.09723.50.110121.50.380150.0-0.04484.0-0.09817.00.115122.50.390151.0-0.04683.0-0.0996.50.120123.00.400151.5-0.04882.0摘自：化工工艺设计手册下册,1986年第一版0.125123.50.420153.0-0.05081.00.130124.50.440154.5-0.05280.00.135125.00.460156.0-0.05478.50.140126.00.480157.5-0.05677.5
15、0.145126.50.500158.5-0.05876.00.150127.00.520160.0-0.06075.00.155128.00.540161.0-0.06273.50.160128.50.560162.5-0.06471.50.165129.00.580163.5-0.06670.00.170129.50.600164.5-0.06868.00.175130.5-0.07066.5饱和蒸汽温度1mpa以下160170度左右 1mpa以上170195度左右 过热蒸汽在2mpa以上就400度左右. 饱和蒸汽压力与温度对照表饱和蒸汽压力温度饱和蒸汽压力温度MPaKg/cm2MPaKg
16、/cm20.00980.145.452.74428228.980.04600.580.862.94030232.760.09801.099.093.43035241.410.14701.5110.793.92040249.180.19602.0119.624.41045256.210.24502.5126.754.90050262.700.29403.0132.885.39055268.690.34303.5138.195.88060274.300.39204.0142.926.37065279.530.44104.5147.206.86070284.470.49005.0151.117.35
17、075289.160.58806.0158.087.84080293.160.68607.0164.178.33085297.850.78408.0169.618.82090301.910.88209.0174.539.31095305.800.980010.0179.049.800100309.531.17612.0187.0910.780110316.581.37214.0194.1311.270115319.861.56816.0200.4311.760120323.311.76418.0206.1512.740130329.311.96020.0211.3913.720140335.102.15022.0216.2414.700150340.572.35224.0220.7615.190155343.162.54826.0224.9915.680160345.75第 11 页