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1、、测量(measurement)物理学physics误差error游码rider测量measure(vt.)实验experiment温度temperature长度length实验室laboratory摄氏度degreecentigrade单位unit面积area温度计thermometer千米kilometer平方米squaremeter体温计clinicalthermometer米meter体积volume时间time分米decimeter立方米cubicmeter小时hour厘米centimeter升Liter分钟minute毫米millimeter毫升Milliliter秒second微
2、米micron质量mass毫秒millisecond纳米nanometer吨ton停表stopwatch测量工具measuringtool千克kilogram力force刻度尺meterruler克gram牛顿Newton最小刻度divisionvalue毫克milligram测力计dynamometer零刻度线zerograduationline天平balance弹簧秤springbalance测量范围measuringrange砝码weights、运动simplemotion相对运动relativemotion方向direction路程path静止rest直线运动rectilinearmo
3、tion速度velocity参照物reference曲线运动curvilinearmotion变速直线运动variablerectilinearmotion位置position匀速直线运动uniformrectilinearmotion平均速度averagevelocity、热heat分子molecules熔化melting液化liquefaction分子运动molecularmotion熔点meltingpoint升华sublimation扩散diffusion凝固solidification凝华condensation排斥力repulsiveforce凝固点solidifyingpoint
4、冰箱refrigerator吸引力attractiveforce晶体crystal热传递heattransfer物质substance非晶体noncrystal热传导heatconduction物体object吸收absorb(v.)热对流heatconvection状态state放出release(v.)热辐射heatradiation固体solid汽化vaporization热量heat液体liquid蒸发evaporation比热容specificheatcapacity气体gas沸腾boiling物态变化statetransformation沸点boilingpoint、光light光
5、源lightsource入射角incidentangle焦距focallength光的直线传播rectilinearpropagationof light反射角reflectionangle会聚converge(v.)小孔成像imagebypinghole镜面反射mirrorreflection发散diverge(v.)日食solareclipse漫反射diffusereflection光屏屏幕screen月食lunareclipse平面镜planemirror照相机camera光速velocityoflight潜望镜periscope幻灯机slideprojector真空vacuum蜡烛ca
6、ndle电影放映机filmprojector空气air光的折射refractionoflight放大镜magnifier玻璃glass折射光线refractedray倒立的inverted水water折射角refractionangle正立的erected均匀介质well-distributedmedium透镜lens缩小的reduced光的反射reflectionoflight凸透镜convexlens放大的amplified反射定律reflectionlaw凹透镜concavelens实像realimage入射光线incidentray主光轴principalopticalaxis虚像vi
7、rtualimage反射光线reflectedray光心opticalcenteroflens海市蜃楼mirage法线normal焦点focus光的色散dispersionoflight、磁magnetism磁体agnet小磁针magneticneedle磁场magneticfield天然磁体naturalmagnet磁极magneticpole地磁场geomagneticfield人造磁体man-mademagnet南极northpole电流的磁场magneticfieldofelectriccurrent条形磁铁barmagnet北极Southpole磁感线magneticinductio
8、nline蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet磁化magnetization电磁铁electromagnet三、声音sound振动vibrate声波waveof sound振幅amplitude介质medium音调pitch噪音noise传播travel响度loudness乐音voice声速velocityofsound音色musicalquality分贝decibeldB回声echo频率frequency四、力force重力ravity惯性inertia动力motiveforce重心centerofgravity平衡equilibrium阻力resistance摩擦力frictionfor
9、ce压强pressure动力臂powerarm滑动摩擦slidingfriction帕斯卡ascal(Pa)阻力臂resistingarm滚动摩擦rollingfriction液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦staticfriction大气压强atmosphericofpressure滑轮pulley压力pressureforce标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixedpulley浮力buoyancyforce气压计barometer动滑轮movablepulley力的图示forcediagram托里拆利Torr
10、icelli滑轮组pulleyblock力的大小magnitudeofforce阿基米德原理Archimedesprinciple功work力的方向directionofforce密度density功率power力的作用点actingpointofforce潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanicalefficiency合力resultantforce热气球fireballoon有用功usefulwork分力omponentforce飞艇airship额外功extrawok力的合成compositionofforces简单机械simplemechanics总功totalwork形变de
11、formation杠杆lever斜面inclinedplane牛顿第一定律NewtonsFirstLaw支点pivot五、电electricity电荷electriccharge正极positiveplate电压voltage带电体chargedbody负极negativeplate伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationbyfriction电路electriccircuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positivecharge通路closedcircuit电阻resistance负电荷negativecharge开路opencircuit欧姆Ohm导体conductor短路sh
12、ortcircuit变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator电路图ircuitmap滑动变阻器slidewirerheostat半导体semiconductor串联seriesconnection欧姆定律Ohmslaw电源powersource并联parallelconnection电功electricwork导线wire电量electricquantity电功率electricpower电键key(switch)电流electriccurrent额定电压ratedvoltage干电池drycell安培Ampere额定电功率ratedpower蓄电池torageplate安培计ammeter第 13 页