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1、“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语构造中宾语补足语的用法定义1 所谓感官动词,是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。如:notice / observe / see / look at / watch / hear / listen to / feel常见的共词.2 使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。如:have/ let / make常见的共词。记忆与使用难点一:如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词口诀:“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉;三个使役半帮助。注意: “半帮助是为了易记加上去的因help后接的to可省可不省,故叫“半帮助。难点二:对感官、使役动词的主动构造后接非谓语动词作宾补的
2、区别先看感官动词主动构造的用法以hear为例:hear sb. do/ doing/ done即其后可接do省to/ doing/ done作宾补。区别是:1do/ doing均表主动关系,done表被动关系。do/ doing都可表主动,但do指整个动作,经常性动作或强调动作完成了。doing指动作正在进展或动作的某个片断。done指某事由别人做被做,也作“遭受解。 试比拟:AI heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌指自始至终整个过程。 BI heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱指当时动作的某个片断。 CI heared a s
3、ong sung 我听见有人唱歌逻辑主语“歌与“唱是被动关系。 再看使役动词主动构造的用法:have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ done have后也接do省to/ doing/ done作宾补,区别是:do/ doing 均表主动关系,done表被动关系。do/ doing虽然都表主动,但do指目前与将来或经常性、反复性的动作。doing指目前正在进展的动作。 试比拟:AI wont have you saying such things about my sister.指目前正确进展的动作 BI wont have you saying s
4、uch things about my sister.指目前与将来的动作 CI shouldnt have him do that again指将来的动作,此处不用doing因do that again暗示将来 DI am sorry to have had you waiting so long.指目前正在进展的动作 EI have had many friends visit me from time to time.指经常性动作 make/let与have的用法有点不同,make/let后一般不接doing作宾补。相比之下,make/let sb. do/done的用法就简单得多了。区别
5、就是:do(省to)表示主动,done表示被动。eg. The speaker raised his voice but still couldd make himself A hear B to hear C hearing D heard 答案:难点三:如何把握感官、使役动词的被动构造后接非谓语动词作主补的区别sb. be heard to do/ doing/ done have无被动sb. be made /let to do/done从上面的句型可以看出,被动构造后作宾补的do均要补上一个to,有一段口诀“感使动词真奇怪,to在句中是妖怪。主动句中它走开,被动句里它回来。不过,这时t
6、o do 是作主补。被动构造后接的to do/ doing/ done与主动构造后接的do/ doing/ done的区别是一致的。eg. 1) The missing boys were last seen near the river. playing played play to play2)Paul doesnt have to be made .He always works hard. learn to learn learned learning答案: 值得注意的是:同学们在解题时常认为被动构造后就是用加上“to的不定式作补语,这是不够全面的,补上“to只是其中的一种用法,它们还
7、可与doing/done搭配,解题时要全面考虑to do/ doing/ done的微细差异。 难点四:感官、使役动词的被动构造后再接被动作宾补即双重被动及其在定语从句中的用法。eg. The news has been heard on the radio three times today. broadcast to broadcastbeing broadcast Broadcasting解析:此题考察双重被动的用法,hear与broadcast的逻辑主语都是news,“消息是“被听的,也是“被播送的,所以broadcast要用被动。、均表被动,但强调进展与题意不符,应选。 总之,在解此类题时首先要找出逻辑主语,确定补语的主动与被动,其次,要全面考虑to do/ doing/ done上面提到的微细差异,只有这样,解题时才能万无一失。第 4 页