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1、动物科学技术学院动物科学技术学院2020/6/142College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 1.Rabies All mammals may be infected with rabies.Since rabies virus is mainly present in central nervous system and saliva,and dogs have the closest relationship with humans,
2、dogs are the most common source of transmission.The main transmission of rabies is that when rabies-infected animals bite a person,rabies virus in their saliva can be transmitted to human.2020/6/143College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases【Sy
3、mptoms】Depression,hiding in the dark,abnormal behavior,disobeying orders,becoming particularly sensitive to light and sound,dilated pupils,hyperreflexive function,heterotropia,dysphagia,increased saliva,weak hindquarters,etc.Then it starts to be excited,or excited and depressed alternately,with hoar
4、se voice.Attack people and other animals,muscle shaking,convulsion.Finally，jerking and die of organ failure。2020/6/144College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious DiseasesSymptoms of rabies in human 2020/6/145College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAU
5、Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious DiseasesHow to deal with human being bitten by dog2020/6/146College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 2.Canine distemper Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus.This disease has a hig
6、h mortality rate.Young dogs are more likely to die of the infection than older dogs.Biphasic fever.Firstly,depression,loss of appetite,watery/purulent nasal discharge2020/6/147College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases After few days,the condi
7、tion suddenly improves and its body temperature and appetite are back to normal.However,persistent fever will occur after few days.Some symptoms are similar to respiratory infection and pneumonia.Dry nose.Watery or mushy and smelly feces,mixed with blood and mucus.Hardening of sole.Neurological symp
8、toms like myoclonus and die of organ failure.2020/6/148College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases It is difficult to treat canine distemper,which is mainly treated with hyperimmune serum or monoclonal antibody.We should pay attention to the im
9、mune prevention of canine distemper.The prognosis of canine distemper with neurological symptoms is very poor.2020/6/149College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 3.Infectious canine hepatitis Infectious canine hepatitis is a common infectious
10、 disease in dogs and is caused by canine adenovirus type 1.Mainly through the digestive tract,licking infected dog secretion and feces.This disease can be infected by dogs at any time.【Symptoms】Peracute：Fever,vomiting,diarrhea,and neurological symptoms,etc.Can die within a few hours.Acute：The sympto
11、ms is body temperature of 39.4-41,which are similar to those of cold.Other symptoms include loss of appetite,increased thirst,vomiting with blood,coagulation disorder.2020/6/1410College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases During the recovery pe
12、riod,some dogs develop corneal opacity.Infected dogs may die within three days.The mortality ranges from 25%40%.subacute：Pharyngitis and laryngitis；mild fever；variation in appetite，constipation/diarrhea.Chronic：Pepatic failure,hepatic encephalopathy and emaciation.This disease is mainly prevented by
13、 vaccination.The main treatment include injecting canine hyperimmune serum,canine interferon and antibiotics.2020/6/1411College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases4.Canine parvovirus diseaseCanine parvovirus disease is caused by canine parvovir
14、us,which characterized was acute hemorrhagic enteritis and nonsuppurative myocarditis.【Symptoms】Fever（4041）Vomiting Diarrhea：yellow loose stools at first,followed by brown or red stools.Dehydration,and even death of heart failure and acidosis in severe casesPuppies at the age of less than 3 months a
15、nd die in a short time.2020/6/1412College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases【Treatment】When dogs begin vomiting,do not feed them,but give them intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration.Improve acid-base disturbance and help them stop vomiting.
16、Hyperimmune serum together with CPV McAb can be used for the treatment.The general course of treatment is about one week.An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.there are effective atenuated vaccines which can be used.2020/6/1413College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Tre
17、atment of Common Infectious Diseases5.Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that can affect both animals and humans.Incubation period 5-15 days.According to the pathogen,it can be divided into jaundice type and haemorrhagic type.There is no obvious symptom at the earlier period of inf
18、ection,so its hard to identify this disease at the beginning.As the disease progresses,the symptoms include weakness,vomiting,fever,loss of appetite,anemia,blood-tinged urine,jaundice and mucosal hemorrhages,Damage in stomach,intestine,liver and kidney.2020/6/1414College of Animal Science and Techno
19、logy,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases【Symptoms】1.Acute：Loss of appetite,vomiting,fever（39.5-40）,depression,stiffness and soreness in hindquarters and muscles,reluctance to move,difficulty breathing,bleeding disorders and jaundice in mucosa.Organ failure within two days,hypo
20、thermia and death.2.Subacute：Fever,vomiting,loss of appetite,jaundice,mucosal necrosis,ocular purulent discharge,accompanied by coughing,asthma and dyspnea.These symptoms can disappear after 2 or 3 weeks.3.Chronic：Mainly result from acute or subacute leptospirosis.The symptoms include chronic hepati
21、tis and nephritis,as well as gastrointestinal diseases.2020/6/1415College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases【Treatment】1.Penicillin has a good effect on this disease.2.Targeted treatments can be used such as rehydration,sugar and alkali supple
22、ment.【Prevention】Injecting multivalent canine vaccine against leptospirosis.Immunization procedures and methods of this vaccine are similar to those of canine distemper vaccine.Regular deratization is needed.Mice are the hosts of the disease.You should prevent infected dogs to contact with other dog
23、s,disinfect the surroundings and isolate them from other animals.2020/6/1416College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 6.Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease,and is widespread in livestock and wild animals.Toxoplasmosis
24、is an infection caused by toxoplasma gondii or T.gondii.This parasite has its life cycle with two hosts.Cats are the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii.In small intestinal epithelial cells of cats,toxoplasma gondii undergoes fission and gametic reproduction to form oocysts,and these oocysts can be
25、 discharged with cat feces.When ocysts enter the external environment,they can develop into infective oocysts with two sporangia through spore propagation.Other animals are intermediate hosts of toxoplasma gondii.2020/6/1417College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Com
26、mon Infectious Diseases This parasite can live in many animals.More than 200 kinds of animals,including mammals,birds,fishes,reptiles and humans,can be the intermediate hosts of it.Cat can also be the intermediate hosts of it.In intermediate hosts,it can reproduce in the nucleated cells of all tissu
27、es and organs.By eating infective oocysts in cat feces tachyzoites with toxoplasma gondii,meat of intermediate hosts,the exudation of excreta or milk,animals can be infected.Tachyzoites can spread through skin and mucous membrane and can also infect the fetus through the placenta.2020/6/1418College
28、of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUPrevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases【Symptoms】Most of toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic recessive infection。The symptoms of toxoplasmosis include fever,coughing,anorexia,depression,weakness,ocular and nasal secretions,mucosal pallor,difficulty brea
29、thingand even severe hemorrhagic diarrhea.Some infected dogs have severe vomiting.Later,paralysis and other neurological symptoms may occur.Infected pregnant dogs may suffer from miscarriage or premature delivery.The blood tests show that red and white blood cells decrease if acute toxoplasmosis are
30、 gotten.In chronic cases white blood cells increase,due to neutrophilia.Platelets decrease.2020/6/1419College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAU【Treatment】Drugs like sulfanilamide are useful to this disease【Prevention】Do not feed dogs with raw meat.prevent dogs from preying on rats.Avoid cat fece
31、s polluting dog fodder and drinking water.Keep dogs away from cats during their pregnancy to prevent toxoplasmosis.Now there is no effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis.Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases2020/6/1420College of Animal Science and Technology,HZAUThank You Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases