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1、Paradox and Oxymoron英语修辞学I Paradox 睡吧，醒醒，睡吧，醒醒，睡吧，醒醒睡吧，醒醒存在（汪峰）How many people are stuck in thesame place though they are walkingon?How many people feel they are deadwhile still alive?How many people are smiling whiletheir eyes are filled with tears?多少人走着却困在原地多少人活着却如同死去 多少人笑着却满含泪滴Paradox（悖 论/吊 诡）def
2、inition:“a statement that appears to contradict fact or common sense or itself and yet it suggests something true”.(Huang Ren,p176,English Rhetoric)ParadoxExamples:1.Save money by spending it.“Mending a Wall”,Robert Frost 2.Good fences make good neighbors 3.Heard melodies are sweet,but those unheard
3、 are sweeter.“Ode on a Grecian Urn”John Keats Great music has the faintest notes.“大音希声”Lao Zi 4.Great form is without shape.“大象无形”Great talents appear slow-witted.“大智若愚”.5.Agood swimmer is more possible to get drowned.Agood rider is more possible to fall down from the horse.善泳者溺，善骑者堕。To build a para
4、dox,(1)contradictory or absurd or opposite(2)when examined,it may prove to be well founded or true.Another group of paradoxes:present the vicious circularity reveal the dilemma humans are stuck inCatch-22 Pilots could be grounded if completing their missions Pilots have to obey their senior officers
5、 unconditionallyCatch 22,Joseph Heller Abarber writes，“I will give haircuts to all who cannot have their haircuts bythemselves.”Somebody asks him,“Do you give a haircut to yourself?”If I know one thing,its that I know nothing.Here are the rules:Ignore all rules.I am a liar.II Oxymoron Definition:Oxy
6、moron means to achieve the striking effect by revealing simultaneously contradictory words.打是亲，骂是爱，胡子阿姨家庭妇男 a victorious defeat(adj+noun.)open secrets(adj+noun.)poor rich(guys)(adj+adj.)hasten slowly（v+adv.）living death（Participle+n.）I talked to him with brutal frankness.Here“brutal frankness”is tra
7、nslated as“忠言逆耳”.The return of her dead son filled her with tearful joy.“tearful joy”means悲喜交集。Romeo and Juliet O brawling love!O loving hate!Misshapen chaos.Feather of lead.Bright smoke,cold fire,sick health!Still waking sleep that is not what it is!啊，吵吵闹闹的相爱，亲亲热热的怨恨！啊，无中生有的一切！整齐的混乱，铅铸的羽毛寒冷的火焰，憔悴的健
8、康，永远觉醒的睡眠，否定的存在。生平最恨小城市的摩登姑娘，落伍的时髦，乡气的都市化，活像那第一套中国裁缝仿制的西装，把做样子的外国人旧衣服上的两方补丁，也照式在衣袖和裤子上做了。The Fortressed City by Qian Zhongshu.落伍的时髦乡气的都市化:Outdated fashionprovincial cosmopolitanism.a victorious defeat(adj+noun.)open secrets(adj+noun.)poor rich(guys)(adj+adj.)hasten slowly（v+adv.）living death（Partici
9、ple+n.）Tips 1.Not all contradictory situations would lead to paradox.They also have to be logically sound.请做寓言“自相矛盾”的简单动画。Self-contradictory=/=paradox Paradox has to be logically sound.There are expressions employing contradictory terms.But they are not oxymoron.Pretty ugly=/=both pretty and ugly=someone is very uglyparadox and oxymoron:differences Oxymoron:two opposite words Paradox:two opposite or contradictory conceptsThanks