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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Date 12. 28 现在完成时 一、 基本结构：助动词 have/has+ 过去分词 done 二、 句型：否认句：主语 +have/has+not+ 过去分词 +其他 . 一般疑问句： Have/Has+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他 . 简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has. 确定 No, 主语 + havent/hasnt. 否认 三用法1现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money so far. 含义是 :现在我没有钱花了 . He has just
2、/already come. 含义：他现在在这儿 My father has gone to work. 含义可能是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿 2现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,连续到现在的动作 用行为动词表示或状态 be 动词表示常与for +时间段 , since +时间点或过去时的句子连用. for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点译为：自从 以来since+ 时段 +ago since+ 从句过去时It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句过去时Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四
3、has gone to,has been to, has been in 的区分Have/Has goneto : 去了 现在不在说话现场 Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been to : 去过已不在去过的地方My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久仍在所呆的地方My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完
4、成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 : 名师归纳总结 以 already, just和 yet 为标志第 1 页,共 6 页He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙；He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He hasnt come back yet. 他仍没有回来；以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影；He has never
5、 been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京；以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far 到目前为止为标志他说他已经去过美国三次了；He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京；She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试；2.过去已经开头的动作始终连续到现在, 甚至有可能连续连续下去, 我们可以从动作 “ 连续”的特性和“ 时间” 点段的区分入手；for+ 时段since+ 过去一个时间点过去从句为标志留意： 1现在完成
6、时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2 不能与 when 连用 3瞬时动词 buy, die, join, come, go ,leave, join 不能直接与 for / since 连用；要改为其他动词表达相同的意义：buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be
7、dead 1.have 代替 buy My brother has had 不能用 has bought this bike for almost four years. 2.用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept 不能用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3.用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher. 4.用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day befo
8、re yesterday. 用“be 形容词” 代终止性动词1、be married 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall get ill 3、be dead 代 die 4、be asleep 代 fall get asleep 5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 名师归纳总结 7、be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 第 2 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9、be missinggone, lost 代
9、 lose 用“be 副词” 代终止性动词1“ be on ” 代 start,begin 2“ be up ” 代 get up 3“ be backto ” 代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“ be here there” 代 comearrive,reach,get here或 go arrive,reach,get there等等用“be 介词短语” 代终止性动词1.“ be in/at + 地点” 代替go to /come to 2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“ be in/at + 地点”
10、代替move to Exercises 1: 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he . . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in t
11、he past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has
12、 ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . 9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really . When _ there . . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10 、
13、_ you _ your homework yet . Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12 、 Do you know him well . Sure .We _ friends since ten year
14、s ago . 名师归纳总结 . were . have been . have become . have made 第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 13 、 How long have you _ here . About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14 、Hurry up . The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15 、 It _ ten years
15、 since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16 、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17 、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18 、The students have cleaned the classroom, _. A. so t
16、hey B. don t theyC. have they D. haven t they19 、 _has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he_ to China. A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20 、His uncle _ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left
17、 the university 现在完成进行时基本结构：助动词 have/has+been+doing 基本用法1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里始终在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止；如：It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就始终在下雨；Hes been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了；2. 现在完成进行时有时表示 依据直接或间接的证据得出的结论；如：She is very tired. Shes been typing letters all day. 她很累了,她成
18、天都在打信件；Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了,她始终在哭；现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时1这两个时态的主要差异是,现在完成时表示动作已完成,I ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕；已做好而完成进行时却不肯定如此：名师归纳总结 I ve been making a cake. 我始终在做一个蛋糕；不肯定做好了第 4 页,共 6 页Shes painted a picture. 她画了一幅画；已画好Shes been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画；可能仍没画好Theyve built a bridg
19、e. 他们建了一座桥；已建好 Theyve been building a bridge. 他们始终在建一座桥；可能仍在建- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Hes written a novel. 他写了一部小说；已完成Hes been writing a novel. 他在写一部小说；可能尚未完成 2很多 静态动词 都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时：I ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了；The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经连续了 6 个月；Nobody
20、has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他；Weve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks. 几乎有两星期天气都很恶劣；Theyve owned the house for many years. 这房子他们已经拥有很多年了；I ve always thought youre right. 我一向 认为 你是对的；但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：I ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来始终想这样做；取Tom has been seein
21、g about考虑,处理a work permit for you. 汤姆始终在设法帮你得工作许可证；Which judge has been hearing the case. 哪位法官在 审 这个案子？She has been having a tooth out. 她在拔牙；The children have been looking forward to this holiday for months. 希望着这个节日；want 这个动词有时可用于完成进行时,表示“始终想 ”：孩子们好几个月来始终Youre the very man Ive been wanting to meet.
22、你正是我始终想见的人. 3 有少数动词用两种时态都可以,意思差异不大,如：They have been working very well this term. 这学期他们学习很好；They have worked very well this term. It has been raining for two hours. 下了两个小时的雨；It has rained for two hours. We have looked for mushrooms but have not found any. 我们找寻蘑菇但一无所获；We have been looking for mushroom
23、s but have not found any. 强调 时间长度 用完成进行时比较好：名师归纳总结 I ve been coughing all night. 我咳了一整夜；比I ve coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久第 5 页,共 6 页All the time shes been sitting there in silence. 她始终 静坐在那里；All these years weve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们 始终 在设法和他- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
24、- 联系；Hes been hoping for a raise in salary all the time. 他始终 盼着加薪；现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时仍可表示一种感情颜色；如：I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时； 陈述事实I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时； 等得好辛苦现在完成进行时通常用来谈论 较短暂的动作或情形,假设要谈论时间连续较长的动作或情形或永久性情形 ,就通常用现在完成时；如：He has lived in Paris. 他始终住在巴黎；He has been living
25、 in Paris. Exercises 2: 他目前住在巴黎； 表临时性1. I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap do anything about it. 圈套、陷阱 , itll be too late f
26、or him to A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. st
27、udied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The
28、unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. _ you _ him around the museum yet. Yes. We had a great time there. ,but she hasn t decided yet. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. Hi, Tracy ,you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. 名师归纳总结 A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 第 6 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -