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1、专业英语无机化学命名Neon lju:minm 35.溴 Br Bromine brumi:n 53.碘 I Iodine aidi:n Fe:Iron ain Mn:Manganese mni:z Cu:Copper Zn:Zinc Ag:Silver Au:Gold Cr：Chromium krumjm Hg：Mercury m:kjuri Ba:Barium brimCommon Transition ElememtCommon Transition Elememt二、化合物的命名二、化合物的命名二、化合物的命名二、化合物的命名 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右，这与中文化合物的命
2、名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右，这与中文化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右，这与中文化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。读法顺序是相反的。读法顺序是相反的。读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀：表示原子个数时使用前缀：表示原子个数时使用前缀：表示原子个数时使用前缀：(1)(1)mono-(2)di-(3)tri-(4)tetra-mono-(2)di-(3)tri-(4)tetra-(5)penta-(5)penta-(6)hexa-(7)hepta-(6)hexa-(7)hepta-(8)octa-(9)nona-(10)deca-(8)octa-(9)n
3、ona-(10)deca-(mono-(mono-和和和和tetra-tetra-以后的前缀中的以后的前缀中的以后的前缀中的以后的前缀中的a,oa,o在后元音字母之前省去在后元音字母之前省去在后元音字母之前省去在后元音字母之前省去)但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。1.Naming metal ions(cations)for metal oxides,bases and saltsfor example:Na+Sodium Mg2+Magnes
4、ium Al3+Aluminum K+Potassium Ca2+Calcium(1)(1)Single valence Single valence ions ions Cations name=ElementCations name=Element lju:minm ktain 说明：对于有变价的金属元素，多采用说明：对于有变价的金属元素，多采用说明：对于有变价的金属元素，多采用说明：对于有变价的金属元素，多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧罗马数字来表示金属的氧罗马数字来表示金属的氧罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态化态化态化态，或用，或用，或用，或用后缀后缀后缀后缀-ous-ous表示低价，表示低价，
5、表示低价，表示低价，-ic-ic表示高价表示高价表示高价表示高价。(2)Multivalence ions(2)Multivalence ionsCatiCations name=Element(N)ons name=Element(N)For example:For example:Fe Fe2+2+Iron(II)or Ferr Iron(II)or Ferrousous Fe Fe3+3+Iron(III)or Ferr Iron(III)or Ferricic Cu Cu+Copper(I)or Cupr Copper(I)or Cuprousous Cu Cu2+2+Copper(I
6、I)or Cupr Copper(II)or Cupricic Cr Cr2+2+Chromium(II)Chromium(II)Cr Cr3+3+Chromium(III)Chromium(III)Mn Mn2+2+Manganese(II)Manganese(II)Mn Mn4+4+Manganese(IV)Manganese(IV)罗马数字：罗马数字：I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII,IX,X Traditional rules of nomenclatureStock systemHgHg+(Hg(Hg2 22+2+)Mercury(I)or )Mercury(I)o
7、r MercurMercurousousHgHg2+2+Mercury(II)or Mercury(II)or MercurMercuricicSnSn2+2+Tin(II)or Tin(II)or StannStannousousSnSn4+4+Tin(IV)or Tin(IV)or StannStannicicAsAs3+3+Arsenic(III)or Arsenic(III)or ArsenArsenousousAsAs5+5+Arsenic(V)or Arsenic(V)or ArsenArsenicicm:kjurik a:snikm:kjurs d2.Naming nonmeta
8、l ions(anions)(1)(1)Monatomic anions Monatomic anions Anions name=Elements root-Anions name=Elements root-ideideFor example:For example:Cl Cl-Chlor Chlorideide O O2-2-Ox Oxideide Br Br-Brom Bromideide H H-Hydr Hydrideide I I-Iod Iodideide CN CN-Cyan Cyanideide S S2-2-Sulf Sulfide ide OHOH-Hydrox Hyd
9、roxideideH H HydrHydrogen O ogen O OxOxygen S ygen S SulfSulfururF F FluorFluorine Cl ine Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineinesainaid 说明：这些名称既是离子的名称，也是该类化合物的统称。说明：这些名称既是离子的名称，也是该类化合物的统称。nain(2)(2)Polyatomic oxyanions Polyatomic oxyanionsAnions name=Central Elements root-Anions
10、 name=Central Elements root-ateatei.i.Acid radicals for normal salt(Acid radicals for normal salt(正酸根正酸根正酸根正酸根-ateate)for example:for example:SOSO4 42-2-SulfSulfateate NO NO3 3-Nitr Nitrate ate POPO4 43-3-PhosphPhosphateate COCO3 32-2-Carbon Carbonate ate ClOClO3 3-Chlor Chlorateate BrO BrO3 3-Brom
11、Bromateate IOIO3 3-Iod Iodateate S S2 2OO3 32-2-ThioThiosulfatesulfateS S SulfSulfur N ur N NitrNitrogen P ogen P PhosphPhosphorus orus C C Carbon Carbon Cl Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineine说明：这些名称既是离子的名称，也是该类化合物的统称。说明：这些名称既是离子的名称，也是该类化合物的统称。Anions name=Central elements roo
12、t-Anions name=Central elements root-iteiteii.ii.Acid radicals for meta-salts(Acid radicals for meta-salts(亚酸根亚酸根亚酸根亚酸根-ite)-ite)for example:for example:SO SO3 32-2-Sulf Sulfite ite NONO2 2-Nitr Nitriteite PO PO3 33-3-Phosph Phosphite ite ClOClO2 2-Chlor Chloriteite BrO BrO2 2-Brom Bromiteite IO IO2
13、2-Iod Ioditeite S S SulfSulfur N ur N NitrNitrogen P ogen P PhosphPhosphorusorusCl Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineineAnions name=Anions name=PerPer-central Elements root-central Elements root-ateateiii.iii.Acid radicals for persalts(Acid radicals for persalts(高酸根高酸根高酸根高酸根Per
14、-ate)Per-ate)for example:for example:ClO ClO4 4-PerPerchlorchlorateate BrO BrO4 4-PerPerBromBromateate IO IO4 4-PerPeriodiodateate MnO MnO4 4-PerPermanganmanganateate Cl Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineineMn Mn ManganManganeseeseAnions name=Anions name=Hypo-Hypo-Central eleme
15、nts root Central elements root-ite-ite iv.iv.Acid radicals for hypo-salts(Acid radicals for hypo-salts(次酸根次酸根次酸根次酸根-ite)-ite)for example:for example:ClO ClO-HypoHypochlorchloriteite BrO BrO-HypoHypobrombromiteite IO IO-HypoHypoiodioditeite PO PO2 23-3-HypoHypophosphphosphiteite P P PhosphPhosphoruso
16、rusCl Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineine3.Naming compounds(1)(1)Metal oxideMetal oxideMetal oxide=Cation+Metal oxide=Cation+oxideoxideFor example:For example:FeO FeO Fe Fe2 2OO3 3 Fe Fe3 3OO4 4 Na Na2 2OO2 2Iron(II)oxide (Ferrous oxide)Iron(II)oxide (Ferrous oxide)Iron(III)o
17、xide (Ferric oxide)Iron(III)oxide (Ferric oxide)Ferroferric oxideFerroferric oxideSodium Sodium peroxideperoxide(2)(2)Nonmetal oxideNonmetal oxideNonmetal oxide=Nonmetal oxide=n n-Nonmetal element+-Nonmetal element+n-oxiden-oxide or or Nonmetal element Nonmetal element(N)(N)+oxideoxide For example:F
18、or example:CO CO CO CO2 2 SO SO3 3 N N2 2OO3 3 P P2 2OO5 5 N N2 2OO4 4有些物质常用俗称有些物质常用俗称有些物质常用俗称有些物质常用俗称:如如如如:NO:nitr:NO:nitricic oxide N oxide N2 2O:nitrO:nitrousous oxide oxideCarbon Carbon monmonoxide oxide Carbon Carbon didioxide oxide Sulfur Sulfur tritrioxideoxideDiDinitrogen nitrogen tritrioxid
19、eoxideDiDiphosphorus phosphorus pentpentoxide oxide DiDinitrogen nitrogen tetrtetroxide oxide Carbon(II)oxideCarbon(II)oxideCarbon(IV)oxideCarbon(IV)oxideSulfur(VI)oxideSulfur(VI)oxideNitrogen(III)oxideNitrogen(III)oxidePhosphorus(V)oxide Phosphorus(V)oxide Nitrogen(IV)oxide Nitrogen(IV)oxide Tradit
20、ional rules of nomenclatureStock system(3)(3)非金属氢化物非金属氢化物非金属氢化物非金属氢化物 除除除除了了了了水水水水和和和和氨氨氨氨气气气气使使使使用用用用俗俗俗俗称称称称waterwater，ammoniaammonia以以以以外外外外，其其其其它它它它的的的的非非非非金金金金属属属属氢氢氢氢化化化化物物物物都都都都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。（1 1）对对对对于于于
21、于卤卤卤卤族族族族和和和和氧氧氧氧族族族族氢氢氢氢化化化化物物物物，在在在在化化化化学学学学式式式式中中中中写写写写在在在在前前前前面面面面，因因因因此此此此将将将将其其其其看看看看成成成成与与与与另另另另一元素的二元化合物。一元素的二元化合物。一元素的二元化合物。一元素的二元化合物。举例：举例：举例：举例：HF hydrogen fluor HF hydrogen fluorideide HCl hydrogen chlor HCl hydrogen chlorideide HBr hydrogen brom HBr hydrogen bromideide HI hydrogen iod H
22、I hydrogen iodideide H H2 2S hydrogen sulfS hydrogen sulfideide H H2 2Se hydrogen selenSe hydrogen selenideide selinaid H H2 2Te hydrogen telluTe hydrogen telluride ride teljuraid （2 2）对对对对于于于于其其其其它它它它族族族族的的的的非非非非金金金金属属属属氢氢氢氢化化化化物物物物，在在在在化化化化学学学学式式式式中中中中写写写写在在在在后后后后面面面面，可可可可加加加加后后后后缀缀缀缀-aneane，氮族还可加
23、，氮族还可加，氮族还可加，氮族还可加-ineine 举例：举例：举例：举例：PH PH3 3:phosphine:phosphine或或或或phosphanephosphaneAsHAsH3 3:arsine:arsine或或或或arsane arsane 胂胂胂胂 SbH SbH3 3:stibine:stibine或或或或stibanestibane BiH BiH3 3:bismuthane :bismuthane CH CH4 4:methane SiH:methane SiH4 4:silane:silane B B2 2H H6 6:diborane :diborane 乙硼烷乙硼
24、烷乙硼烷乙硼烷 (4)(4)Acids Acidsi.i.Per-,normal acid(its salt-ate)Per-,normal acid(its salt-ate)Acid=Central elements root-Acid=Central elements root-icic+acidacidFor example:For example:H H2 2COCO3 3 H H2 2SOSO4 4 H H3 3POPO4 4 HNO HNO3 3 HClO HClO3 3 HClO HClO4 4S S SulfurSulfur N N NitrNitrogen P ogen P
25、 PhosphorPhosphorus C us C CarbonCarbonF F FluorFluorine Cl ine Cl ChlorChlorine Br ine Br BromBromine I ine I IodIodineineCarbonCarbonicic acidacidSulfurSulfuricic acidacidPhosphorPhosphoricic acidacidNitrNitricic acidacidChlorChloricic acidacidPerPerchlorchloricic acidacidii.ii.Meta-and hypo-acid(
26、its salt-ite)Meta-and hypo-acid(its salt-ite)Acid=Central elements root-Acid=Central elements root-ousous+acidacidFor example:For example:H H2 2SOSO3 3 H H3 3POPO3 3 HNO HNO2 2 HClO HClO2 2 HClO HClOSulfurSulfurousous acidacidPhosphorPhosphorous acidous acidNitrNitrous acidous acidChlorChlorousous a
27、cidacidHypoHypochlorchlorous acidous acid含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子 采用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，采用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，采用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，采用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。
28、高某酸高某酸高某酸高某酸 per-ic per-ic 正酸正酸正酸正酸 ic ic 亚酸亚酸亚酸亚酸-ous -ous 次酸次酸次酸次酸 hypo-ous hypo-ous高某酸根高某酸根高某酸根高某酸根 per-ate per-ate 正酸根正酸根正酸根正酸根 ate ate 亚酸根亚酸根亚酸根亚酸根-ite -ite 次酸根次酸根次酸根次酸根hypo-itehypo-ite其它的前缀还有其它的前缀还有其它的前缀还有其它的前缀还有 ortho-ortho-正正正正 meta-meta-偏偏偏偏 thio-thio-硫代硫代硫代硫代举例：举例：举例：举例：HClO HClO4 4 perper
29、chlorchloricic acid ClO acid ClO4 4-perperchlorchlorateate ion ion HClO HClO3 3 chlorchloricic acid ClO acid ClO3 3-chlorchlorateate ion ion HClO HClO2 2 chlorchlorousous acid ClO acid ClO2 2-chlorchloriteite ion ion HClO HClO hypohypochlorchlorousous acid ClO acid ClO-hypohypochlorchloriteite ion i
30、on H H2 2SOSO4 4 sulfursulfuricic acid SO acid SO4 42-2-sulfsulfateate ion ion H H2 2SOSO3 3 sulfursulfurousous acid SO acid SO3 32-2-sulfsulfiteite ion ion HNO HNO3 3 nitr nitricic acid NO acid NO3 3-nitr nitrateate ion ion HNO HNO2 2 nitr nitrousous acid NO acid NO2 2-nitr nitriteite ion ion练习：写出磷
31、的含氧酸和含氧酸根（盐）的名称。练习：写出磷的含氧酸和含氧酸根（盐）的名称。练习：写出磷的含氧酸和含氧酸根（盐）的名称。练习：写出磷的含氧酸和含氧酸根（盐）的名称。for example:for example:HCl HCl HydroHydrochlorchloricic acidacid HBr HBr hydrohydrobrombromicic acidacid HI HI HydroHydroiodiodicic acidacid H H2 2S S hydrohydrosulphursulphuricic acidacid命名规则：命名规则：命名规则：命名规则：hydrohydr
32、o-词根词根词根词根-icicacidacidiii.iii.无氧酸无氧酸无氧酸无氧酸 （hydro-hydro-）(5)(5)Bases BasesBase=Metal cation+Base=Metal cation+hydroxide hydroxideFor example:For example:Al(OH)Al(OH)3 3 NaOH NaOH Ca(OH)Ca(OH)2 2 Ba(OH)Ba(OH)2 2 Fe(OH)Fe(OH)2 2Aluminum Aluminum hydroxidehydroxideSodium Sodium hydroxidehydroxide Calc
33、ium Calcium hydroxidehydroxideBarium Barium hydroxidehydroxideIron(II)Iron(II)hydroxide or hydroxide or FerrousFerrous hydroxide hydroxide(6)(6)盐盐盐盐(Salts)(Salts)Normal salt=Cation+anion Normal salt=Cation+anion i.Normal salti.Normal salt (正盐正盐正盐正盐)：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳：根据化学式
34、从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。离子和阴离子的名称。离子和阴离子的名称。离子和阴离子的名称。For example:For example:HgSO HgSO4 4 Hg Hg2 2SOSO4 4 KNO KNO3 3 Na Na2 2COCO3 3 NaClO NaClO FeSO FeSO4 4 KMnO KMnO4 4Mercury(II)sulfateMercury(II)sulfateMercury(I)sulfateMercury(I)sulfatePotassium nitratePotassium nitrateSodium carbonate Sodium carbon
35、ate Sodium hypochloriteSodium hypochloriteIron(II)sulfate Iron(II)sulfate Potassium permanganatePotassium permanganateAcidic salt=Cation+Acidic salt=Cation+hydrogenhydrogen+anion +anion ii.Acidic salts ii.Acidic salts：同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做：同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做：同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做：同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做hydrogenhydrogen，氢原子的个数用前缀表
36、示氢原子的个数用前缀表示氢原子的个数用前缀表示氢原子的个数用前缀表示。For example:For example:NaHSO NaHSO4 4 Na Na2 2HPOHPO4 4 NaH NaH2 2POPO4 4 Ca(HSO Ca(HSO4 4)2 2 NaHCO NaHCO3 3 sidik Sodium Sodium hydrogenhydrogen sulfate sulfateDiDisodium sodium hydrogenhydrogen phosphate phosphate Sodium Sodium didihydrogenhydrogen phosphate ph
37、osphate Calcium Calcium bisulfatebisulfateSodium Sodium hydrogen hydrogen carbonatecarbonateor Sodium or Sodium bicarbonatebicarbonate Basic salt=Cation+Basic salt=Cation+hydroxyhydroxy-anionanioniii.iii.Basic saltsBasic saltsFor example:For example:Cu Cu2 2(OH)(OH)2 2COCO3 3 Ca(OH)Cl Ca(OH)Cl Mg(OH
38、)PO Mg(OH)PO4 4DiDicopper(II)copper(II)didihydroxyhydroxycarbonatecarbonateCalcium Calcium hydroxyhydroxychloridechlorideMagnesium Magnesium hydroxyhydroxyphosphatephosphateMixed salt=Cation+cation+anionMixed salt=Cation+cation+anioniv.iv.Mixed salts Mixed salts(复盐复盐复盐复盐)：同正盐的读法：同正盐的读法：同正盐的读法：同正盐的读法
39、For example:For example:NaKSONaKSO3 3CaNHCaNH4 4POPO4 4 AgLiCOAgLiCO3 3NaNHNaNH4 4SOSO4 4KNaCOKNaCO3 3 NaNHNaNH4 4HPOHPO4 4munjm n.铵铵Sodium potassium sulfiteSodium potassium sulfiteCalcium Calcium ammoniumammonium phosphate phosphateSilver lithium carbonate Silver lithium carbonate Sodium ammonium s
40、ulfateSodium ammonium sulfatePotassuim sodium carbonatePotassuim sodium carbonateSodium ammonium hydrogen phosphateSodium ammonium hydrogen phosphatev.v.水合盐：结晶水读做水合盐：结晶水读做水合盐：结晶水读做水合盐：结晶水读做waterwater或或或或hydratehydrate.For example:For example:AlClAlCl3 36H6H2 2O:O:Aluminum chloride 6-Aluminum chlorid
41、e 6-waterwater or Aluminum chloride hexa or Aluminum chloride hexahydratehydrate AlK(SOAlK(SO4 4)2 212H12H2 2O:O:Aluminium potassium sulfate 12-Aluminium potassium sulfate 12-waterwaterExerciseH H2 2SOSO4 4 HCl HNOHCl HNO3 3 HNO HNO2 2HCN NaHCN Na2 2S CuSOS CuSO4 4 Fe(NO Fe(NO3 3)3 3 HClOHClO4 4 KCN
42、 NH KCN NH4 4Cl NaClOCl NaClONaOH Mn(OH)NaOH Mn(OH)2 2 FeFe2 2OO3 3 P P2 2OO5 5H H2 2OO2 2 K K2 2CrCr2 2OO7 7 Cu Cu2 2(OH)(OH)2 2COCO3 3CaHPOCaHPO4 4Answer H H2 2SOSO4 4 HCl HCl HNO HNO3 3 HNO HNO2 2 HCN HCN Na Na2 2S S CuSO CuSO4 4 Fe(NO Fe(NO3 3)3 3 HClO HClO4 4 KCN KCN NH NH4 4ClClSulfuric acid S
43、ulfuric acid Hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acidHydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acidNitric acidNitric acidNitrous acidNitrous acidHydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Sodium sulfideSodium sulfideCopper(II)sulfate or cupric sulfateCopper(II)sulfate or cupric
44、sulfateIron(III)nitrate or ferric nitrateIron(III)nitrate or ferric nitratePerchloric acidPerchloric acidPotassium cyanidePotassium cyanideAmmonium chlorideAmmonium chlorideAnswer NaClO NaClO NaOH NaOH Mn(OH)Mn(OH)2 2 Fe Fe2 2OO3 3 P P2 2OO5 5 H H2 2OO2 2 K K2 2CrCr2 2OO7 7 Cu Cu2 2(OH)(OH)2 2COCO3
45、3 CaHPO4 CaHPO4Sodium hypochloriteSodium hypochloriteSodium hydroxideSodium hydroxideManganese(II)hydroxide Manganese(II)hydroxide Iron(III)oxide or ferric oxide Iron(III)oxide or ferric oxide Diphosphorus pentoxide Diphosphorus pentoxide Hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxidePotassium dichromate Potassium dichromate Dicopper(II)dihydroxycarbonateDicopper(II)dihydroxycarbonateCalcium hydrogen phosphateCalcium hydrogen phosphate此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢