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1、名师整理精华知识点第一单元小数乘法知识点一、小数乘整数(利用因数的变化引起积的变化规律来计算小数乘法)知识点一:1、计算小数加法先把小数点对齐,再把相同数位上的数相加2、计算小数乘法末尾对齐,按整数乘法法则进行计算。知识点二:积中小数末尾有 0 的乘法。先计算出小数乘整数的乘积后,积的小数末尾出现 0,要再根据小数的性质去掉小数末尾的0。如:3.60“0”应划去知识点三:如果乘得的积的小数位数不够要在前面用0 补足,再点上小数点。如0.02 2=0.04 知识点四:计算整数因数末尾有0 的小数乘法时,要把整数数位中不是0 的最右侧数字与小数的末尾对齐。思考:小数乘整数与整数乘整数有什么不同?1
2、、小数乘整数中有一个因数是小数,所以积一般来说也是小数。2、小数乘法中积的小暑部分末尾如有0 可以根据小数的基本性质去掉小数末尾的 0 而整数乘法中是不能去掉的。二、小数乘小数知识点一:因数与积的小数位数的关系:因数中共有几位小数,积中就有几位小数。知识点二:小数乘法的一般计算方法:先按整数乘法算出积,再给积点上小数点(看因数中一共有几位小数,就从积的右边起输出几位,点上小数点。)乘得的积的小数位数不够要在积的前面用0 补足,在点小数点。知识点三:小数乘法的验算方法:1、把因数的位置交换相乘2、用计算器来验算三、积的近似数知识点一:先算出积,然后看要保留数位的下一位,再按四舍五入法求出结果,用
3、约等号表示。名师整理精华知识点知识点二:如果求得的近似数所求数位的数字是9 而后一位数字又大于5 需要进 1,这是就要依次进一用0 占位。如 6.597 保留两位为 6.60 四、连乘、乘加、乘减知识点一:小数乘法要按照从左到右的顺序计算知识点二:小数的乘加运算与整数的乘加运算顺序相同。先乘法,后加法整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律,对于小数乘法也适用。五、简便运算125X8=1000 25X4=100 25X8=200 整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律,对于小数乘法也适用最重要的是乘法分配律:ab+ac=a(b+c)计算连乘法时可应用乘法交换律、结合律将几位整数的两个数先乘,再乘另一个数,计
4、算一步乘法时,可将接近整十、整百的数拆成整十整百的数和一位数相加减的算式,再应用乘法分配律简算。对于不符合运算定律的算式,有些通过变形也可以应用。乘法分配律也可以推广到相应的减法。第二单元位置知识点用(列,行)表示位置。列:从左往右数行:从下往上数第三单元小数除法知识点1、小数除法的意义:已知两个因数的积与其中的一个因数,求另一个因数的运算。如:2.6 1.3表示已知两个因数的积2.6 与其中的一个因数1.3,求另一个因数的运算。小数除法的计算方法:计算除数是整数的小数除法,按整数除法的计算方法去除,商的小数点要和被除数的小数点对齐,整数部分不够除,商0,点上小数点,继续除;如果有余数,要添
5、0 再除。计算除数是小数的除法,先把除数转化成整数,除数的小数点向右移动几位,被除数的小数点也要向右移动几位,位数不够时,在被除数的末尾用0 补足,然后按照除数是整数的小数除法进行计算。2、取近似数的方法:取近似数的方法有三种,四舍五入法进一法去尾法文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q
6、4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W
7、5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1
8、E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I
9、3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F
10、1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4
11、H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9名师整理精华知
12、识点一般情况下,按要求取近似数时用四舍五入法,进一法、去尾法在解决实际问题的时候选择应用。X k B 1.c o m 取商的近似数时,保留到哪一位,一定要除到那一位的下一位,然后用四舍五入的方法取近似数。没有要求时,除不尽的一般保留两位小数。3、循环小数:一个数的小数部分,从某一位起,一个数字或者几个数字依次不断重复出现,这样的小数叫做循环小数。依次不断重复出现的数字,叫做这个循环小数的的循环节。4、循环小数的表示方法:一种是用省略号表示,要写出两个完整的循环节,后面标上省略号。如:0.3636 1.587587另一种是简写的方法:即只写出一组循环节,然后在循环节的第一个数字和最后一个数上面点
13、上圆点。如:12.5、有限小数:小数部分的位数是有限的小数,叫做有限小数。6、无限小数:小数部分的位数是无限的小数,叫做无限小数。第四单元可能性知识点可能性的大小由数量来定,数量多的发生的可能性就大,数量少的发生的可能性就越小。第五单元简易方程知识点1、用字母表运算定律。加法交换律:a+b=b+a 加法结合律:a+b+c=a+(b+c)乘法交换律:abba 乘法结合律:abca(b c)乘法分配律:(a b)cac bc 2、用字母表示计算公式。长方形的周长公式:c(a+b)2 长方形的面积公式:s=ab 正方形的周长公式:c=4a 正方形的面积公式:s=3、读作:x 的平方,表示:两个x 相
14、乘。2x 表示:两个 x 相加,或者是 2 乘 x。4、含有未知数的等式称为方程。文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H
15、10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F
16、4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9
17、H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q
18、4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W
19、5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1
20、E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9名师整理精华知识点使方程左右两边相等的未知数的值叫做方程的解。求方程的解的过程叫做解方程。5、把下面的数量关系补充完整。路程(速度)(时间)速度(路程)(时间)时间(路程)(速度)总
21、价(单价)(数量)单价(总价)(数量)数量(总价)(单价)总产量(单产量)(数量)单产量(总产量)(数量)数量(总产量)(单产量)工作总量(工作效率)(工作时间)工作效率(工作总量)(工作时间)工作时间(工作总量)(工作效率)大数小数=相差数大数相差数=小数小数相差数=大数一倍量倍数几倍量几倍量倍数一倍量几倍量一倍量倍数被减数减数差减数被减数差加数和另一个加数被除数除数商除数被除数商因数积另一个因数第六单元多边形的面积知识点1、长方形面积=长宽 字母公式:s=ab长方形周长=(长宽)2 字母公式:c=(a b)22、正方形面积=边长边长字母公式:s=a 或者 s=aa正方形周长=边长4 字母公
22、式:c=4a 或者 c=a43、平行四边形面积=底高 字母公式:s=ah 4、三角形面积=底 高2 字母公式:s=ah25、梯形面积=(上底下底)高 2 字母公式:s=(ab)h26、计算圆木、钢管等的根数:(顶层根数+底层根数)层数 2 7、等底等高的平行四边形面积相等等底等高的三角形面积相等等底等高的三角形和平行四边形面积关系:三角形的面积是平行四边形面积的一半,平行四边形的面积是三角形面积的2 倍。8、组合图形:转化成已学的简单图形,通过加、减进行计算。第七单元数学广角植树问题知识点直线植树:两端都种:树的棵树=间隔数+1 一端种,一端不种:树的棵树=间隔数两端都不种:树的棵树=间隔数-
23、1 环形植树或图形植树:树的棵树=间隔数文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N
24、4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:C
25、Z2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 HY9F1W5F4G5 ZM9N4H1E9H9文档编码:CZ2I3Q4H10X4 H
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