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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载情态动词表估计用法总结及专项练习1.can / could 用于表估计的用法1 从使用句型上看, can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于确定句,而 could 可用于确定句、否定句和疑问句；两者没有时间上的差别,只是 could 比 can 更委婉,更不确定；如：It cant couldnt be true. 那不行能是真的；What can could they be doing. We could go there this summer. 他们会在干什么呢 . 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿；注：can 有时也用于确定
2、句中表示估计,主要用于表示理论上的 可能性 即从理论上看是可能的,但实际未必会发生 ,或表示 “有时 ”之意；如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有体会 的老师也可能出错；She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人厌恶；2 从时间关系看,对现在或将来情形作估计,后接动词原形；对正在进行的情形作估计,后接 测,后接动词完成式；如：He could have gone home. be doing 结构；对过去情形作推他可能已经回家了；名师归纳总结 He can t couldnt have understo
3、od. 他不行能懂得了；第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Why does he know this. Can Could someone have told him about it. 他怎么知道 . 会是哪个人告知他了吗 . 3 “ could+ 完成式 ”除表示对过去的估计外,仍有以下重要用法： 表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“原来可以 ”；如：I could have lent you the money Why didn t you ask me. 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的；你为什么不向我提出 .
4、用来委婉地批判某人过去应当做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应当 ”；如：You could have helped him. 你原来应当帮忙他的； 表示“差点儿就要 ”；如：I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了；2. may / might 用于表估计的用法表示估计,两者都可用,只是 示的可能性更小；might 比 may 语气更不确定,表1 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于确定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may 通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中（如特别疑问句等）,而 might 尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算一般,通常会改用其他句式（如用 could 等）；
5、如：He may might know the answer. 他可能知道答案；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He may might not believe you. And who may might she be. 他可能不会信任你；那么她会是哪一位呢？2 从时间关系看,对现在或将来情形作估计,后接动词原形；对正在进行的情形作估计,后接 测,后接动词完成式；如：He may might tell his wife. be doing 结构；对过去情形作推他或许会告知他妻子；He may
6、might be writing a letter. 他可能在写信；She may might have read it in the papers. 到过此事；她可能在报上已读3 “ might+ 完成式 ”除表示对过去的估计外,仍有以下重要用法： 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生；如：It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危急了,我差点没命了；A lot of men died who might have been saved 获救的却死了； 表示委婉的批判或批判；如：很多人原来可以You mi
7、ght have made greater progress. 你的进步原来可更大 一些的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载You might at least have answered my letter. 封信嘛；3. must 表示估计的用法你至少可以回我一must 表示很有把握的估计,其意为“肯定会 ” “确定会 ”,只用于肯 定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句；表示对现在或将来的情形作推 测,后接动词原形；表示对过去情形的估计,接动词完成式；如：I must be the happies
8、t woman on earth. 的女人了；我肯定是世界上最幸福No, he must be lying. 不,他肯定在撒谎He must have mistaken my meaning. 4. should have done 的用法他肯定误会了我的意思；should have done 只用于谈论过去情形,主要有两个用法：一是 用于估计过去已经发生的情形 ,二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生 的情形；如：You should have told me so before. 你早就应当告知我；He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了；Look at th
9、e time. We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了 . 特别钟前我们就该到戏院了；名师归纳总结 5. need have done 的用法第 4 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载need have done 结构主要用于否定句或疑问句 ,一般不用于确定句；用于否定句时,表示原来不必做某事,但实际上却做了；用于疑问句时,用于询问某一过去动作的必要性；如：You needn t have hurried. 你当时实在不必那么匆忙；She
10、needn t have come in person a letter would have been enough. 她本不必亲自来 写封信来就足够了；Need you have paid so much. 你当时真必要付那么多钱吗. Need they have sold the farm. 他们那时非得把农场卖掉不行吗. 历届 NMET 中表估计的情态动词的用法情态动词是中学英语学习中的一个重点和难点,也是高考的重点考察内容之一 ；其中表示估计用法的情态动词在近几年的高考中更是屡见不鲜；现结合近几年的高考题目,对表估计的情态动词的用法作一归纳,期望对各位考生会有所帮忙：【考例】 1.
11、Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite. A. may B. can C. must D. should 2003 年一般高等学校春季招生统一招生考试英语试题（安徽卷） 【分析】Can,may,must都可用来表示 ” 估计 ”,但侧重点各有不同：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载May 常用来指 ” 事实上的可能性 ”,而 can 就表示一种 ”理论上的可能 性” 例如：The ra
12、ilways may be improved. =It is possible that the railways will be improved. =Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the railways will be improved. 铁路可能会得到改进；（意味着已有详细的改进方案或方案；）The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved. 铁路可以得到改进；（意思是铁路仍不完善,尚有问题存在；）理论上的可能性 can 比事实上的可能性 may 更弱；在一般的陈述句
13、, can 与 sometimes 能性；比如：几乎相同,表示一种偶然的可Even expert drivers can make mistakes. 甚至是很娴熟的驾驶员 也可能会犯错；=Even expert drivers sometimes make mistakes. =It is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes. 因此,假如讲的是一种特别情形,不是一般情形,就用 may, 试比较：Mr Reed looks pale.He may be ill. Mr Reed is in poor health.He can be
14、 ill at any time. Must 指规律必定 ,作“ 想必”、“ 准是”、“ 肯定 ”解,用来表示我们对某 事有把握的推论或揣测 ；（考虑到迹象如此 ,再无别的结论 =It seems 名师归纳总结 certain that .）: 第 6 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载They must be very tired now, for they have been working the whole morning. 他们现在肯定是特别累了,由于他们整个上午都在工作；析：填 C.must ；意思是 ”
15、不出所料,当我告知女儿要做的事时,她 准会去做相反的事； ”【考例】 1、Mary _ be in Paris.I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.NMET1994 A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.can tD.may not 2、.-Is John coming by train. NMET 2002 Tianjing -He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car. Amust B.can C.need D.may 【分析】 May 用于否定时, not 不是否定 may ,而是否定
16、句中的动 词,这一点与 can 不同,试比较：He may not know the truth. 他可能不知道事情的真相；（=It is possible that he didnt know the truth.）He cannot know the truth.他不行能知道事情的真相；must 表示估计的这种用法通常用在确定句中,在疑问句中常用can 可能 ,在否定句中常用 cant不行能,不会是 ,而不用mustnt；例如：- Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be . It must be Wang Hong. 名师归纳总结 -
17、 No, It canbe Wang Hong, because she left for Shanghai 第 7 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载this morning. -有人在敲门；会是谁呢？肯定是王红；-不,不会是王红,由于她今日早晨就动身去上海了；因而 You must be joking.在意义上相当于You cant be serious.析：1、填 C；意思是 ” 玛丽不行能在巴黎；几分钟前我仍观察她在镇 上；2、填 D；意思是 ” -约翰会坐火车来吗？ -应当会,但他可能不会；他喜爱开车； ”【
18、考例】 1.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. NMET 2002Beijing -It _ true because there was little snow there. A.may not be B.wont be C.couldnt be【分析】 Could,might 表示过去的可能性；I thought it might be true. 我本认为那是真的；D.mustnt be He could be very unreasonable. 他有时可能毫不讲理；析：填 C；它是对去年冬天所发生的事进行评判
19、；【考例】 1.- Are you coming to Jeffs party. NMET 2000 -I m not sure.I_go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might 2.-Look.The clouds are gathering. -Yes.Im afraid it _ be pouring down soon. A,can B,must C,should D,might 名师归纳总结 【分析】 could和 might表示现在的情形时,更带有不愿定性和慎第 8 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选
20、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载重味道,构成礼貌或动听说法,包含或许的意思：A:I wonder where Tom is. B:He may/might/could be in the library.Perhaps he is in the library. 因 此 在 wonder, fear,be afraid 等 后 接 的 从 句 中 , 通 常 用may/might/could, 表达一种探询的观点：I was afraid you might be out of sorts. 假设性的可能和摸索性的可能,也用我怕你可能心情不爽快；could 和
21、might ：Our team might still win the race. 可 以 意 译 为 ： It is possible,though unlikely,that 析：1、2 均填 D.might 【考例】 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony. Acan BshouldCmayDmust 2001 年上海一般高校春季招生考试试卷 【分析】表示估计的 may 通常不用于一般疑问句 ,而要用 can 代替；Can 用于一般疑问句时,仍可表示
22、惊奇或怀疑,意思是” （到底）可能有这样的事吗？ ” ,比如：“ There is the doorbell.” ”Who can it be at this time of day.有”人按门铃； ” ”这个时候到底会是谁呢？”Must 也有时用于疑问句： Must there be some good reason for 名师归纳总结 the delay. 这个问句设想的是一个确定的回答,可以说明为” Does 第 9 页,共 16 页there have to be some good reason .”- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资
23、料 欢迎下载may 可用于特别疑问句或 是否 ” ：I wonder what it may mean. How old may his father be.wh- 从句,意思是 ”（到底）是 ” 、” 不知我不知道这到底是什么意思；他父亲到底有多大年纪？ （比 How old is his father. 委婉的说法；）析：填 1、A.can. （布什先生做什么事都很按时；他怎么可能会在开幕式上迟到呢？）【考例】 1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 2000 招
24、生考试 北京、安徽卷 年一般高等学校春季A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. NMET95 A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have beenD.couldnt have been 【分析】 “ 情态动词 have + -ed分词” 结构可以表示对已发生的事情进行估计 , 就表示的可能性程度而言 ,must 最大,
25、could 其次,may 更次之, might 最小；must + have + -ed 分词: 用于确定句 , 表示估计过去某事 “ 确定,一名师归纳总结 定,准是 ” 发生了；其否定形式为： cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表第 10 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 示过去不行能发生某事；精品资料欢迎下载分词: 用于肯maymight + have + -ed 定句和其他否定句 , 表示对已发生事情的不愿定的估计 , 意为 “ 可能 , 大致” , 其中 might 较 may 语气更弱 , 把握更小；Can/
26、could 用于否定或疑问句中 ,表示对过去发生的大事的“ 怀疑或不愿定 ” ；could 比can 更表示说话人语气的不愿定；例如：I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it. 我一周前就发出了那封信 , 想必他肯定收到了；I can t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. Jack cant have arrived yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.（上海 1997 ）
27、It couldnt have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China. 不太可能是史密斯先生；他已去了中国；另外,留意 may 不行用于疑问句,它的这种功能已为 can 所取代；例如 Can they have missed the bus. 的答句是： Yes,they may have done. 而不是 Yes,they can have done.这一点要留意；Must 有时也能用于否定句：His absence must not have been noticed. 此句和 His absence cant have been noticed. 的
28、意思是一样的；很多评论者认为这类句子是不行能成立的,但它们正在为越我来越多的人所接受和使用,在美国英语中特别如此；对正在发生的事情进行估计,就采纳 构,其中情态动词的区分与上相同；” 情态动词 +be+ 现在分词 ” 结名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载析：答案 A、D；can 通常不用于确定句表推测； ” should+have+ -ed分词 ” 表示 ” 过去原来应当做 ” ,但实际上没有做,意思是” 本该 . ”,带有批判口气 :I was really anxious about you
29、.You shouldn t have left without a word. NMET2001 ；” will+have+ -ed 分词 ” 只是将来完成时的一种形式；【考例】 1.Its nearly seven oclock. moment. NMET95 Jack _be here at any A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can 【分析】 shouldought to表示很可能、预期的意思,指一种尝试性推论,可认为是must的语气较弱的对应词,意思是” 应当会、一定；吧 ” ；试比较：Our guests must be home by now.I am certa
30、in我们的客人现在肯定到家了 ；（依据他们动身的时间 、路程远近、速度等详细条件,我能确定 /确定他们现在已经到家了；）Our guests shouldought to be home by now. They probably are,but Im not certain.我们的客人现在该到家了； （含义是我想他 们很可能到家了,但我不能确定” ）与 must 不同仍在于它经常表示将来：-When can I come for the photos.I afternoon. need them tomorrow 名师归纳总结 -They_be ready by 12:00. NMET199
31、8 A.can B.should 第 12 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载C.might D.need 表示不太可能可用shouldn toughtn t to:不该有任何困There shouldn toughtnto be any difficulties.难；析：填 C；意思是 ” 将近七点了；杰克很可能随时会到；”另外,在近几年的 NMET中,对情态动词及其它语法项目的考查均放到肯定的语境中进行 ,要求考生利用所学英语各项基础学问进行初步的语言运用,而不再是单纯的语法学问题和短语题；这类试题往往通过题干的其
32、他部分或附加句子供应某个信息,然后让考生依据这个信息进行合理推理,产生新的想法和熟识；因此,在做这类题时,除要熟识所 考查的语法规章外,仍要仔细分析句子的结构,留意抓住关键词,分析上下文的规律关系；不能单凭语法规章做题；巩固练习1.Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. needt B. cant C. should D .may 2.Johnny,you _ play with the knife. You _hurt youself. A.wont,cant B.mustnt,may C.shouldnt,must D.ca
33、ntt,shouldnt 3.Peter _ come with us tonight,but taken he isnt very sure yet.A.can B.may C.will D.must 4.Put on more clothes.You _ be taken feeling cold with only a shirt on. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A.must B.can C.could D.would 5.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack
34、 _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.can 6.I didnt hear the phone.I _ asleep.A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 7.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustnt have arrived B.shouldnt have arrived C.cant have arrived D.need not have arrived 8.-there we
35、re already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been 9.He _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 10.Yesterday Jane waooked awa
36、y from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something the would regret later. A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 11.There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustnt have hurried B.neednt have hurried C.should have written it out D.couldnt have hurried 12.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but be meant
37、no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.havent told 13.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I _ for her. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A.had to wirte it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 14.If you had work
38、ed harder,you _. A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should succeed D.would have succeeded 15.-If he _,he _that food. -luckily he wsa sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warrned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 16
39、.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh,did you.You _ with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 17.Sorry Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will 18.-Shall I tell John about it. -No you _.Ive told him
40、already. A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.shouldnt 19.The new airoprt _ if they had not stopped working on it. A.would complete B.had been completed C.had completed D.would have been completed 20.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning.She _ at the meeting. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 16 页精选学
41、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A.mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spoken C.neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spoken 21.That young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A.could B.must C.would D.should 22.Susan _ written a report like this. A.can have B.mus
42、tnt have D.cant have D.ought to not have 23.There wasd a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you. A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have 答案及难点解析 1.B 2.B mustnt 表示“禁止”,may 表示“不行能 ” 3.B can表示“理论上的可能、普遍性的可能、当然的可能,并非说话人主 观认为可能 ,即并非推测 ”,故不行选 A；4.A 5.C at any moment/minute 意为
43、“ 随时,立刻 ” ； 6.B 由句中的时态可知是在对过去的大事进行 估计,故用情态动词 +have done；7.C 由 otherwise 一句可知说话人对 Jack 没有来持确定的态度；除所给答案外,A 也正确；8.D 与 7题相像,C 也是正确的,意为 “确定不舒适 ”； 9.A may 不行表示过去 的事； 10.D 11.B 表示“当时本没必要那么匆忙 ”； 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 二人相遇的可能性不大；17.A18.A19.D 对过去情形的虚拟假设,留意要用被动语态； 20.D21.D22.C 据常识可知是在对过去的事 进行估计； 23.D名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 16 页