2022年及物动词和不及物动词的区分.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载及物动词和不及物动词的区分概述及物动词transitive verbs(vt. )其实所谓“ 及物” ,就是后面可直接加宾语 的动词,有 被动 形式,而不及物动词 是没有 被动式 的,也不行直接加宾语,需加上 介词 ;如 see 观察 vt. + 宾语 I can see a boy. 及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不行直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语;实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词;举一个例子,就说 write ;如 I am writing. 和 I am writing a letter. 在前

2、一个句子 write 是不及物动词,在后一个句子 write 是及物动词;又如,see 是及物动词,但在特别情形下如 seeing is believing;编辑本段 示例不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语;例如: He is running. run 这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth ;(不能说跑什么东西)分清及物不及物动词 : 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必需解决的首要问题;动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情形:a主要用作及物动词;及物动词后面必需跟宾语;可以用于: ; 主谓宾宾补 结构;如:主谓宾 ; 主谓双宾He reached Paris

3、the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的仍有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell. b主要用作不及物的动词;不及物动词后面不跟宾语

4、;只能用于: 主谓 结构;This is the room where I once lived. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载类似的仍有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变;如 begin 都是作 开头 讲; everybody , our game begi

5、ns. let us begin our game. 类似的仍有: start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d 的动词,其意义完全不同;既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物 这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义;如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的 消散 ;we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是 上升;举起 ;He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的仍

6、有:beat vi. 跳动 vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi. 生长 vt. 种植play vi. 玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球) , 演奏 smell vi. 发出(气味) vt. 嗅ring vi. (电话、铃)响 vt. 打电话 speak vi. 讲话 vt. 说(语言)hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术 vt. 操作在英语错误中,“ 及物动词介词宾语” (transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种;所谓及物动词,就是 谓语动词 (predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语;相反的,不及物动词( i

7、ntransitive verb)是不带宾语的;有很多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不肯定要有宾语,如以下的a a. We study every day. 和a 便是这种情形:b. Do you study English every day. a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now. 假如本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;如要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行 不及物动词 +宾语 +介词 ,如b 和b; a 和a 是 错的;*a. The children are listening t

8、he music. b. The children are listening to the music. *a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 和b ,又 反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的b 如和 : John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question. 假如无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:* Who will answer to this question. 以下这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也

9、犯了同样的错:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载“ We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.” “ awaiting ” 是个及物动词,后面的介词“for ” 是余外的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting ” 改为“waiting for” 也行;很多人习惯上喜爱把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语;最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon” 和“discuss about” ,如: Singaporeans

10、seem to have emphasized on material gains. In our education system, we stress upon examination results. World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 明显的,这三句里的介词“on/upon” 和“about ” 是余外的,不必要的;编辑本段 错误 The young must obey to their elders. Do not approach to that odd-lo

11、oking man. The audience attacked on the rude speaker. Nothing can escape from his parents eyes. Do you hope to serve for your nation. When did Susan marry with Paul. 介词“to, on, from, for, with” 都要去掉才对;为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清晰及物动词和不及物动词的性质;其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆;解决之道有二;第一,要把“ 及物动词宾语” 和“ 不及物动词介词宾语” 划分编辑本段 及

12、物动词 vt与不及物动词vi的区分及物动词与不及物动词的区分从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类;1 及物动词 后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词 transitive verb;如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion. 我信任委员会将会考虑我们的建议;“ How long can I keep the book . 书我可以借多久.” ” Harry asked. 哈里问:“ 这本2 不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词 intransitive ve

13、rb;如:Birds fly. 鸟会飞;It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - My watch stopped.学习好资料欢迎下载我的表停了;She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 上发了言;她在昨天晚上的会3 兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词;这样的动词又有两种不同的情形:a 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变;试比较:Shall I begin at

14、 once. 我可以马上开头吗 .begin 作不及物动词 She began working as a librarian after she left school. 她毕业后当图书馆治理员;began 作及物动词 When did they leave Chicago. 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?leave 作及物动词 They left last week. 他们是上周离开的;left 作不及物动词 b 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同;如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手;. Does this cloth wash well. 这布

15、经得起洗吗4 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请留意以下两种情形:a 有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语就可用作及物动词,如 arrive到达, agree 同意, 1isten听;英语里这些动词后面常接介词;如:We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站; at 不能省去 比较: We reached the railway station at noon. Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. 每个人都很有爱好地听讲

16、课;to 不行省去 比较: We all heard the lecture. Do they agree to the plan. 他们同意这个方案吗 .to 不行省去 b 有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里就不能用作及物动 词,如 serve 为 服务;Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. 我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不行以加宾语!假如你想要分得认真一点就看下面的讲解和例句! 一、 分清及物不及物 : 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必需解决的首要问题;动词及

17、物与不及物通常有以下几种情形:a主要用作及物动词;及物动词后面必需跟宾语;可以用于:主谓宾 ; 主谓双宾 ; 主谓宾宾补 结构;如:He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的仍有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, of

18、fer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell. b主要用作不及物的动词;不及物动词后面不跟宾语;只能用与: 主谓 结构;This is the room where I once lived. 类似的仍有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry,

19、fail, succeed. c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变; 如 begin 都是作 开头 讲; everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的仍有: start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve. d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同;这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义;如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的 消散 ; we saw th

20、e mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是 上升;举起 ;He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的仍有:beat vi. 跳动 vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi. 生长 vt. 种植play vi. 玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球) , 演奏 smell vi. 发出(气味) vt. 嗅ring vi.(电话、铃)响 vt. 打电话 speak vi. 讲话 vt. 说(语言)hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术 vt. 操作及物动词不需要介词在英语错误中, 及物动词介词宾语 ( transiti

21、ve verb+preposition+object 词( predicative verb),是常见的一种;所谓及物动词,就是谓语动),不必通过介词引荐宾语;相反的,不及物动词( intransitive verb)是不带宾语的;有很多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不肯定要有宾语,如以下的a a. We study every day. 和a 便是这种情形:b. Do you study English every day. a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now. 假如本质上就是不及物动词

22、,就不会有宾语;如要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如b和b; a 和a 是错的;*a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的b 和

23、b ,又 如和 : John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question. 假如无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:* Who will answer to this question. 以下这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:We have many buyers awaiting for available units here. Awaiting是个及物动词,后面的介词for是余外的,要去掉;不然把 awaiting改为 waiting for也行;很多人习惯上喜爱把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语;最常见的是 em

24、phasize/stress on/upon和discuss about,如: Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. In our education system, we stress upon examination result s. World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 明显的,这三句里的介词on/upon和 about 是余外的,不必要的;下面是些类似的错误: The young must

25、obey to their elders. Do not approach to that odd-looking man. The audience attacked on the rude speaker. Nothing can escape from his parents eyes. Do you hope to serve for your nation. When did Susan marry with Paul. 介词 to, on, from, for, with 都要去掉才对;为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清晰及物动词和不及物动词的性质;其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆;解决之道有二;第一,要把 及物动词宾语 和 不及物动词介词宾语 划分清晰,如:I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 其次,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:Dont approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页

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