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1、九年级化学课本上的实验总结九年级化学课本上的实验总结第二单元我们周围的空气【实验 2-1】空气中氧气含量的测定(1)可燃物要求:足量且产物就是固体:选择红磷。(2)装置要求:气密性良好(3)操作步骤:在集气瓶内加入少量的水,并做上记号。用弹簧夹夹紧乳胶管。点燃燃烧匙内的红磷后,并立即伸入集气瓶内并把塞子塞紧。等燃烧结束冷却后,打开弹簧夹。(4)现象:有大量白烟产生,广口瓶内液面上升约瓶中原空气的1/5 体积(5)结论:空气就是就是混合物 ;O2约占约占空气体积的1/5,可支持燃烧;N2约占约占空气体积的4/5,不支持燃烧,也不能燃烧,难溶于水(6)探究:液面上升小于1/5 原因:装置漏气,红磷
2、量不足,未冷却至室温就打开止水夹。能否用铁代替红磷？不能原因:铁不能在空气中燃烧。能否用碳、硫代替红磷？不能原因:产物就是气体,不能产生压强差红磷熄灭后瓶内还有 残余的氧气。(7)空气的组成测定中的化学反应方程式:4P+5O2=2P2O51、氧气的化学性质:【实验 2-2】O2可使带火星的木条的木条复燃(有助燃性,就是常用的氧化剂)木炭在氧气中燃烧夹取木炭的仪器为坩埚钳,在酒精灯上加热到红热,由瓶口向下缓慢插入(充分利用瓶中的O2),倒入澄清石灰水,振荡 ,观察到石灰水变浑浊。现象:在氧气中发出白光 ,放出热,生成无色能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊的气体。结论:木炭燃烧生成CO2 C+O2CO2【实验
3、 2-3】硫燃烧硫在空气里燃烧发出微弱的淡蓝色火焰,放出热量,产生有刺激性气味无色气体;在氧气里燃烧发出明亮的蓝紫点燃九年级化学课本上的实验总结色 火焰,放出热量,产生有刺激性气味的无色气体;S+O2SO2【实验 2-4】铁丝在氧气中燃烧操作:把光亮的细铁丝盘成螺旋状 ,下端系一根火柴,点燃火柴,待 火柴快燃尽时,插入充满氧气的集气瓶中。现象:铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧,火星四射,放大量热,有黑色固体生成。3Fe+2O2Fe3O4注意事项:必须先在集气瓶里装少量水或在瓶底铺一层细砂,防止红热熔融物溅落瓶底,使瓶底炸裂上述实验可以瞧出,可燃物在氧气中比在空气里燃烧更剧烈 ,原因就是氧气支持燃烧,氧气瓶
4、中的氧气浓度比空气中氧气浓度大,所以可燃物在氧气中比在空气中燃烧更剧烈。【活动与探究】实验室制取氧气检查气密性的方法:操作:1)将导管插入水中;2)用手握住试管现象:导管口有气泡冒出。【实验 2-4】实验室制取氧气(一)加热 KMnO4制取氧气反应原理:2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2发生装置(1)反应物与反应条件的特征:反应物都就是固体,反应需要加热。3、装置气密性的检查方法:将导气管的出口浸没在水中,双手紧握试管。如 果水中出现气泡,说明装置气密性良好。(原理:气体的热胀冷缩)4 收集装置:由于氧气不易溶于水,且不与水发生化学反应【排水法收集】。由于氧气密度比空气大,且不与空气中的
5、成分发生化学反应【向上排空气法】要求:导管伸入集气瓶底,【以利于排净空气】。密度与空气接近的气体,不宜用排空气法收集。5、操作步骤:查(气密性)装(药品)定(固定试管)点(酒精灯)收移(导管)熄(酒精灯)6.验满:(用排水法收集)如果气泡从集气瓶口逸出,说明气体收集满了。(用向上排空气法收集)将带火星的木条放在集气瓶口,如果带火星的木条复燃,说明氧气收集满了。7.注意事项:试管口要略向下倾斜【防止冷凝水倒流入热试管底部使试管炸裂】。试管内导管应稍露出胶塞即可【利于气体排出】。停止反应时,应先把导管从水槽中移出,再熄灭酒精灯【防止水槽中的水被倒吸入热的试管中,使试管炸裂。】加热 KMnO4时,试
6、管口要放一团棉花【防止高锰酸钾被吹入导管,使导管堵塞】。(二)分解过氧化氢溶液制取氧气、反应原理:2H2O22H2O+O2文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P
7、8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:C
8、E9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS
9、6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF
10、6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码
11、:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3
12、HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3文档编码:CE9C8J5S8J3 HS6O7E3T4Z10 ZF6P8F2D9L3九年级化学课本上的实验总结2.发生装置:由于反应物就是固体与液体,反应不需要加热,所以选择固液混合在常温下制取气体的装置。(如右图)3.装置气
13、密性的检查方法:图(b)用弹簧夹夹紧橡皮塞,从长颈漏斗中加水。如果液面稳定后水面不下降,则表明装置气密性良好。4、要根据实际情况选择(a)(b)(c)(d)四种装置。a 装置(a)的特点:装置简单,适用于制取少量的气体;容易造成气体泄漏,增加药品不太方便。b 装置(b)的特点:便于随时添加药品。c 装置(c)的特点:通过控制液体加入量来控制反应速率。d 装置(d)的特点:可以控制反应的发生与停止。5、如果使用长颈漏斗,注意长颈漏斗的下端管口应插入液面以下,形成液封【防止生成的气体从长颈漏斗逸出】。使用分液漏斗时无需考虑这个问题。6、不能用加热过氧化氢溶液的方法制取氧气【加热过氧化氢溶液时,过氧
14、化氢分解产生的与水蒸气一起逸出,水蒸气会使带火星的木条不能复燃】(三)加热 KClO3制取氧气1.反应原理:2KClO32KCl+3O22.发生装置与收集装置:与加热高锰酸钾制取氧气的装置相同。第三单元物质构成的奥秘【活动与探究】1、取少量滴有酚酞试液的水置于试管中,滴入浓氨水,溶液由无色变为红色说明氨水能使酚酞溶液变红。2、现象:A 杯溶液颜色变红,B 杯无变化原因:分子总就是不断运动,C 杯中氨分子运动到A杯中使酚酞溶液变红。第四单元自然界的水【实验 4-2】过滤(见下图)实验器材:带铁圈的铁架台、漏斗、玻璃棒、烧杯注意事项操:作时注意“一贴、二低、三靠”。“一贴”:滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁,(用
15、水润湿滤纸并使滤纸与漏斗壁之间没有气泡,保证过滤效率)。“二低”:滤纸低于漏斗边缘、滤液低于滤纸边缘(否则被过滤的液体会直接从滤纸与漏斗之间的间隙流到漏斗下的接受器中,使滤液浑浊)。“三靠”:烧杯紧靠玻璃棒(玻璃棒的作用:引流)、玻璃棒紧靠三层滤纸、漏斗下端管口紧靠烧杯内壁(使滤液沿烧杯壁流下,防止液滴四处迸溅)。如果两次过滤之后滤液仍然浑浊,原因可能就是滤纸破损或过滤时液面高于滤纸边缘。【实验 4-3】实验目的:用肥皂水检验软水与硬水硬水与软水的区分方法:分别取少量的软水与硬水于试管中,滴加等量的肥皂水,振荡。有较多泡沫产生的水就是软水;泡沫很少,产生浮渣的水就是硬水。文档编码:CL1X4S
16、10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4
17、S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X
18、4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1
19、X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL
20、1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:C
21、L1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:
22、CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3九年级化学课本上的实验总结【实验 4-4】实验目的:制取蒸馏水装置:简易装置所需仪器铁架台、酒
23、精灯、石棉网、烧瓶、试管、烧杯等。加入几粒沸石(或碎瓷片)以防止加热时出现暴沸/突然剧烈沸腾。收集到的蒸馏水就是纯净物 (填纯净物或混合物)。【实验 4-5】实验目的:电解水实验实验现象:通电后,电极上有气泡产生。与正极、负极相连的试管内的气体体积比约为1:2 与正极相连的试管内的气体(O2)可以使带火星的木条复燃;与负极相连的试管内的气体(H2)移近火焰时,气体能够燃烧,火焰呈淡蓝色。实验结论:2H2O2H2+O2;水就是由氢、氧两种元素组成的;化学反应中,分子可分,原子不可分。注意事项:在水中加入少量氢氧化钠溶液或稀硫酸【增强水的导电性】。第五单元化学方程式【活动与探究】探究目标:化学反应
24、前后物质的质量有没有变化。(白磷燃烧)方案一:装置:锥形瓶底部铺有细沙,作用 防止白磷燃烧放大量热。玻璃管上端系牢一个小气球,作用 1)防止气体逸出/保证装置密封,2)调节瓶内气压。现象:1)白磷燃烧,发出黄光,放热冒大量白烟,2)气球先变鼓,再变瘪。【实验 5-1】盐酸与碳酸钠粉末反应前后质量测定现象:1)冒出大量气泡,白色粉末逐渐溶解/消失。2)天平不平衡,指针向右偏转。解释:盐酸与碳酸钠粉末反应生成CO2气体从烧杯中冒出,使烧杯中剩余物质质量减少,所以指针向右偏转。【实验 5-2】镁条燃烧现象:镁条燃烧,发出耀眼白光,生成白色固体,天平指针向右偏转。解释:燃烧放大量热,使部分白色固体进入
25、空气中,剩余物质质量减少,所以指针向右偏转。讨论:如果把镁条燃烧的生成物全部收集起来称量,会比镁条的质量大,为什么？根据质量守恒定律:因为 MgO 质量等于参与反应的Mg与 O2的质量之与,燃烧生成物质量比镁条质量大。文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 H
26、K7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3
27、HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3
28、 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y
29、3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8
30、Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L
31、8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10
32、L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3九年级化学课本上的实验总结CO第六单元碳与碳的氧化物【实验 6-2】木炭高温下还原氧化铜实验目的:探究木炭的还原性。装置:酒精灯(加网罩的作用就是火焰集中,达到高温条件 ,也可以用酒精喷灯)。试管口略向下倾斜。操作:把刚烘干的木炭粉与氧化铜粉末混合均匀 ,小心地铺放进试管,并将试管固定在铁架台上。试管口装有通入澄清石灰水的导管,加热。然后先将导管移出水面,再熄灭酒精灯,待 冷却 后再把试管里的粉末倒在纸上。现象:黑色 固体变为红色 固体,同时放出能使
33、澄清的石灰水变浑浊的无色气体。分析:氧化铜失去氧发生还原 反应,木炭把氧化铜还原 为铜,具有 还原性,可用于冶金 工业。化学方程式为 C+2CuO2Cu+CO2实验室制取二氧化碳1、原料:大理石或石灰石、稀盐酸。不用稀硫酸代替稀盐酸的原因:稀硫酸与大理石反应生成微溶于水的硫酸钙,阻碍反应的继续进行。不用浓盐酸代替稀盐酸的原因:浓盐酸易挥发,使生成二氧化碳中混有氯化氢气体而不纯。不用碳酸钠等代替大理石、石灰石的原因:与稀盐酸反应速率太快,不容易控制与收集。2、反应原理:CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO23、发生装置:同过氧化氢溶液制取氧气的发生装置【原因:固与液混合,在常温下反应】
34、4、收集装置:向上排空气法【原因:二氧化碳能溶于水,且密度比空气密度大】5、验满:把燃着的木条放在集气瓶口,如果火焰熄灭证明二氧化碳已经收集满了。6、检验:把气体通入澄清的石灰水中,如果澄清的石灰水变浑浊,就证明收集的气体就是CO2 7、二氧化碳与氧化钙的工业制法:CaCO3CaO+CO2【实验 6-3】倾倒 CO2实验现象:蜡烛自下而上依次熄灭。实验结论:一般情况下,二氧化碳既不能燃烧,也不能支持燃烧;一般情况下,二氧化碳的密度比空气的密度大。【实验 6-4】CO2的溶解性实验实验现象:瓶体变瘪实验分析:CO2溶于水时,使瓶内气体体积减小,压强减小,外界大气压把瓶子压瘪CO2文档编码:CL1
35、X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL
36、1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:C
37、L1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:
38、CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码
39、:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编
40、码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档
41、编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3九年级化学课本上的实验总结【实验 6-5】探究目标 CO2就是与水发生反应设计原理:控制
42、变量法()()()()现象小花变红小花仍为紫色小花仍为紫色小花变红分析石蕊遇酸变红水不能使石蕊变红CO2不能使石蕊变红CO2与水反应生成酸,酸能使石蕊变红第七单元燃料及其利用课题 1 燃烧与灭火【实验 7-1】实验目的探究燃烧的条件现象:铜片上的白磷燃烧,放热,产生大量白烟,红磷无变化,水中白磷不燃烧。用导管向烧杯中通入少量氧气后,水中白磷燃烧。分析:铜片上白磷燃烧而红磷不燃烧说明燃烧的条件就是使温度达到着火点;铜片上白磷燃烧而热水中的白磷不燃烧说明达到着火点的同时还要与氧气接触,才能燃烧;本来热水中不燃烧的白磷,通入氧气后燃烧说明可燃物必须与氧气接触才能燃烧。结论:燃烧条件就是可燃物,与氧气
43、接触,达到着火点。【实验 7-4】目的探究甲烷燃烧操作:先 检验甲烷的纯度 ,再点燃。在火焰上的上方罩一个,冷而干燥的烧杯 ,过一会观察。盖上玻璃片后迅速把烧杯倒过来,向烧杯内注入少量澄清的石灰水,振荡,再观察。现象:发出 明亮的蓝色火焰,放出 热量,烧杯内壁 有水雾 ;石灰水变浑浊。结 论:说 明 甲 烷 中 含 有 氢 元 素 与 碳 元 素CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O 实验室制取H2反应原理:Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2实验室制取H2的简易装置文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B
44、10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1
45、B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q
46、1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9
47、Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B
48、9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7
49、B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK
50、7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3文档编码:CL1X4S10L8Y3 HK7B9Q1B10G1 ZB8V9N10H8X3九年级化学课本上的实验总结第八单元金属与金属材料工业炼铁的原理:高温条件,酒精喷灯,酒精灯+网罩加热仪器为酒精喷灯 ,石灰水的作用就是检验就是否生成CO2现象:红色 固体变为黑色 固体,同时放出能使澄清石灰水变